1、Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析 限制性定语从句(3)语法点拨一、定语从句的概述定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词who；whom；whose；which；that；as关系副词when；where；whyThis is the family which is planning to move to the city.(which引导的定语从句)这是要搬进城里的一家。世界上最长的跨海大桥港珠澳大桥，在星期三的九点开始通车。I grew up in a small village where everybody kn
2、ew me.(where引导的定语从句)我在一个小镇上长大，那里的每一个人都认识我。名师点津先行词与关系词1先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。3关系词通常有下列三个作用：(1)引导定语从句；(2)代替先行词；(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。4关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语；关系副词在从句中作状语。即学即练单句语法填空(2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters _who_ had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019浙江高考)O
3、n the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _that/which_ gives off light in the dark.(2019北京高考)The students benefiting most from college are those _who_ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life.(2018天津高考)Kate, _whose_ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in
4、Australia.(2019江苏高考)We have entered into an age _when_ dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage _where_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.二、关系代词和关系副词的区别定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法：用法依据根据从句的谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句
5、中，若作主语、宾语、表语或定语用关系代词；若作状语用关系副词I visited the village where many children couldnt go to school because of poverty.(作状语)我参观了因为贫困很多孩子不能上学的村庄。I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery.(作主语)我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。即学即练单句语法填空(2019全国卷)One afternoon _when_ I was in primary school, I was w
6、alking by the school playground.(北京高考)The little problems _that/which_ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.The reason _why_ he resigned was that he didnt get on well with the boss.(2018全国卷)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris _where_ we will visit Disneyla
7、nd Paris park.Picasso painted many pictures _where_ the main colors are blue and pink.三、介词关系代词当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词可用which、whom或whose。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom；定语从句中缺少定语时用whose。在这个结构中，介词的确定的原则是：(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。He is the man on whom you can rely.他是你可以信赖的人。Jack in
8、troduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。Ill never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the h
9、ouse.这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三样她都说得流利。易错精点在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正确)The babies af
10、ter whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(错误)名师点津介词关系代词的常见句型(1)“代词ofwhich/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中，代词常常为all，each，one，many，much，most，some，none，both等，“代词ofwhich/whom”通常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“ofwhich/whom”置于代词前。It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will
11、open next year.据报道，在我的家乡两所学校都正在建设中，将于明年投入使用。(2)“数词ofwhich/whom”引导定语从句这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可以把“ofwhich/whom”置于数词前。数词包括百分数和基数词。(3)“the名词of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中， of which/whom充当定语，修饰前面的名词，整个结构相当于“whose名词”引导的定语从句。(4)“the形容词比较级(最高级)ofwhich/whom”引导非限制性定语从句There are two buildings, the larger of whic
12、h stands nearly a hundred feet high.这儿有两座建筑物，较大的那座几乎有100英尺高。即学即练用“介词关系代词”填空He wrote many childrens books, nearly half _of which_ were published in the 1990s.I wish to thank Smith, _without whose_ help I would never have got this far.English is a language shared by several cultures, each _of which_ u
13、ses it differently.The children, all _of whom_ had played the whole day long, were worn out.四、定语从句中关系词的省略关系词可以省略的几种情况(1)定语从句的关系词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，关系词通常可省略。I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library.我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。(2)先行词是way，reason，time，place等且它们在定语从句
14、中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时，其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which，why/that，when，where等可以省略。The way (that/in which) you look at the problem is wrong.你看待问题的方式是错误的。(3)由and，but，or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时，第一个关系词可以省略，但第二及以后的关系词一般不可以省略。I want a gift (that/which) my friend has put some thought into and that I do need.我想要一个我
15、朋友花费心思的礼物，并且是我确实需要的礼物。即学即练划掉可以省略的关系词I dont know the exact time when the sports meet takes place._when_That was the way that she worked the problem out._that_The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher._whom_The exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008_whi
16、ch_I believe the reason that Mary gave for her absence from the school._that_专项练习.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1We live in an age _when/in which_ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.2Sales director is a position _where_ communication ability is just as important as sales.3What about t
17、he meal at the dinner party yesterday, Bob?Oh, it was the best one _(that)_ I had ever had.4This is the new secretary _(who/whom/that)_ I would like to introduce to you.5She was probably the hardest working student _(that)_ I have ever taught.6(2018全国卷)Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toy
18、s to a little girl _whose_ mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.7Students should involve themselves in community activities _where_ they can gain experience for growth.8As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _when_ he should be able to be independ
19、ent.9Today, well discuss a number of cases _where_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.10The reason _why_ man is different from animals is that man is good.用定语从句合并句子1The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner.The man _who/that lives opposite our house_ is a miner.2He will vis
20、it the famous dam in 2019. It was built in 1900.He will visit the famous dam in 2019 _which/that was built in 1900_.3The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate.The student _(who/whom/that) we saw at the school gate_ will organize the party of our school.4I want
21、to talk to the boys. Their homework hasnt been handed in.I want to talk to the boys _whose homework hasnt been handed in_.5I still remember the day. On the day I first came to Beijing.I still remember the day _when I first came to Beijing_.6The chemist often does experiments in the lab. The lab is n
22、ot far from here.The lab _where the chemist often does experiments_ is not far from here.7He grew up in the small town. After graduation, he returned to the small town.After graduation, he returned to the small town _where he grew up_.8Youre focused on the reason. Youre doing it in the first place f
23、or the reason.Youre focused on _the reason why youre doing it in the first place_.9Many things are done on computers these days. We live in the days.We live in the days _when many things are done on computers_.语法主题应用用本单元的语法点(限制性定语从句)翻译下面句子，并组成一段连贯的短文。1建在山顶上的寺庙可追溯到(date back to)600年前。(which)2它是一所需要好好
24、保护(preserve)的最著名文化遗迹之一。(that)3这所寺庙所在的山也因它而出名。(where)4古人在这里建造它的原因还不清楚。(why)5但是，人们依然高度赞扬创造性地建造它的古人们。(who)6目前，由当地文化部门建立(establish)的委员会正在努力防止它遭到破坏。(which/that)_参考范文：The temple which was built on a high mount dates back to 600 years ago. It is one of the most famous cultural relics that should be preserv
25、ed well. And the mount where the temple stands is also famous for it. The reason why ancient people built the temple here isnt clear. But people still think highly of the people who built it creatively. At present the committee which was established by the cultural department is trying to prevent it from being destroyed.