1、必修二 Unit1 Cultural relicsPeriod3 Grammar(The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)Aims:To learn about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauseTo discover some useful words and expressionsTo discover some useful structuresProcedures:I. Warming up Warming up by discovering
2、useful words and expressions Please turn to page 3. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 first. Please check your answers against your classmates.Warming up by explaining Now, class, since youve read the passage, could you explain to me how to use the phrase “belong to”? The word “to” here is a preposition, i
3、ndicating the possession, and is always followed by nouns or pronoun. Look at Ex 3. The preposition “at” indicates a state, condition or continuous activity. So we can replace them or express them by using a present-continuous tense.II. Learning about Attributive Clause1. What is an adjective Clause
4、?An adjective clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase. Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun, answering questions like “which?” or “what kind of?” Consider the following examples:Adjective the red coat Adjective claus
5、e the coat which I bought yesterday Like the word “red” in the first example, the dependent clause “which I bought yesterday” in the second example modifies the noun “coat.” Note that an adjective clause usually comes after what it modifies, while an adjective usually comes before.In formal writing,
6、 an adjective clause begins with the relative pronouns “who(m),” “that,” or “which.” In informal writing or speech, you may leave out the relative pronoun when it is not the subject of the adjective clause, but you should usually include the relative pronoun in formal, academic writing:informal The
7、books people read were mainly religious. formal The books that people read were mainly religious. informal Some firefighters never meet the people they save. formal Some firefighters never meet the people whom they save. Here are some more examples of adjective clauses:the meat which they ate was ta
8、inted This clause modifies the noun “meat” and answers the question “which meat?”.Theyre talking about the movie which made him cry This clause modifies the noun “movie” and answers the question “which movie?”.They are searching for the student who borrowed the book The clause modifies the pronoun “
9、student” and answers the question “which student?”.Did I tell you about the author whom I met? The clause modifies the noun “author” and answers the question “which author?”.2. Restrictive & non restrictive clauses Do the following pairs of sentences mean the same thing?1a My uncle, who lives in Lon
10、don, is very rich.2b My uncle who lives in London is very rich.2a The policies, which were unpopular, were rejected by the voters.2b The policies which were unpopular were rejected by the voters.3a My niece, whose husband is out of work, will inherit the house, which I have always treasured.3b My ni
11、ece whose husband is out of work will inherit the house which I have always treasured.The first sentence in each pair has a non-restrictive clause within two commas, and the second has a restrictive clause. A non-restrictive clause simply adds more information into the sentence and does not affect t
12、he meaning of the main clause: it is therefore bracketed off with commas (1a = an uncle who happens to live in London). Conversely, a restrictive clause defines its referent in the main clause more specifically and contributes significantly to the meaning of the sentence. Thus it is that particular
13、uncle who lives in London who is referred to (1b). In 2a, all policies were unpopular and all were rejected, whereas in 2b only the policies that were unpopular were rejected. Note that in restrictive clauses the non-human relative pronoun is either that or which, whereas for human referents the rel
14、ative pronoun can be either who/m or that (the man that/whom I will marry .).3. A test on FORMAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSESDirections: Combine the sentences. Use formal written English.Use (b) as an adjective clause. Punctuate carefully. 1) (a) An antecedent is a word. (b) A pronoun refers to this word. An a
15、ntecedent _2) (a) The blue whale is considered the largest animal that has ever lived.(b) It can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons. The blue whale _3) (a) The plane was met by a crowd of 300. (b) Some of them had been waiting for more than 4 hours. The plane _ 4) (a) In this paper, I will describe the b
16、asic process.(b) Raw cotton becomes cotton thread by this process. In this paper, I will describe _5) (a) The researchers are doing case studies of people to determine the importance of heredity in health and longevity.(b) These peoples families have a history of high blood pressure and heart diseas
17、e. The researchers are doing case studies _6) (a) At the end of this month, scientists at the institute will conduct their AIDS research. (b) The results of this research will be published within 6 months. At the end of this month, scientists _ 7) (a) According to many education officials, math phob
18、ia(that is, a fear of mathematics) is a widespread problem. (b) A solution to this problem must and can be found. According to many education officials, math phobia _8) (a) The art museum hopes to hire a new administrator. (b) Under this persons direction it will be able to purchase significant piec
19、es of art. The art museum _9) (a) The giant anteater licks up ants for its dinner. (b) Its tongue is longer than 30 centimeters (12 inches). The giant anteater _ 10) (a) The anteaters tongue is sticky. (b) It can go in and out of its mouth 160 times a minute. The anteaters tongue _ III. Closing down
20、 by taking a quizQuiz on Attributive clauseSelect one answer from the choices provided after each sentence. The words you choose should fit the blank in the sentence. Dont use the HINT buttons unless you really need them.1. As many children came were given some cakes. A. that B. as C. who D. whom 2.
21、 The visitors saw rows of houses the roofs are red. A. on which B. of which C. where D. that 3. I usually take a nap after lunch, is my habit. A. which it B. as it C. as D. that 4. Please tell me the way you did the job. A. how B. where C. which D. in which 5 Is this museum some German friends visit
22、ed the day before yesterday? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 6. The farmer uses wood to build a house to store grain. A. in which B. where C. that D. with which 7. I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, whic
23、h C. when, that D. which, that 8. Little has been done is helpful to our work. A. that B. what C. which D. all that 9. Perhaps this is the only market you can get such cheap goods.A. that B. of which C. by which D. where 10. Well put off the outing until next week, _ we wont be so busy.A. when B. which C. at which D. in that Key: 110：BBCDA ABADA