1、知识感悟一、词汇详解1.achieve vt.完成;达到【典型例句】 Jane has achieved everything she wanted to.简已完成了她想做的任何事情。Maurice has achieved his hope of becoming a doctor.莫里斯实现了成为一名医生的愿望。【相关链接】(1)achieve v.获得；实现。例如:By working hard,we can achieve anything.任何事情努力都能成功。(2)achievement n.成就;成绩。例如:The invention of the computer is a g
2、reat achievement.电脑(的)发明是一大成就。2.condition 条件;状况【典型例句】The patient with Bird Flu was in such dangerous condition that the doctors and nurses had to look after him day and night.这个患禽流感的病人状况是那样的危险,医生和护士日日夜夜守护着他。【相关链接】conditions复n.条件;环境;形势。指人或物所处的环境和条件。例如:Elizabeth Fry helped improve prison conditions an
3、d gave prisoners work and education.伊丽莎白弗赖帮着改善了监狱条件,给予囚犯工作和教育。3.campaign n.运动；战役；活动vi.参加运动；作战【典型例句】 The city hall is planning to start a campaign against smoking.市政府计划发起禁烟运动。The miners are campaigning for better working conditions.工会领导人为争取改善工作条件而积极活动。【相关链接】 war/campaign/battle/fight/struggle辨析:(1)wa
4、r作“战争”或“战争状态”解，前者用作可数名词，往往指的是包括一系列战役的整个战争，后者用作不可数名词。(2)campaign 意为“战役”，指在某一地区进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动。也可指“运动，活动”。(3)battle 也作“战役”解，其规模比campaign 小，还可作“战斗”解，指的是一场战争或一次战役中的具体战斗，可能只持续几小时，也可能持续若干天。(4)fight 意为“战斗”，往往指战场上的搏斗，还可作“打架”解。(5)struggle 意为“斗争”，常侧重于精神上或政治上的斗争(或生活、工作和事业上的奋斗)。4.devote vt.投入于;献身【典型例句】 He has
5、devoted himself to teaching since he graduated from the college in 1962.1962年他大学毕业后一直献身于教育工作。 His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。【要点归纳】 devote常接ones life,energy,time,oneself等作宾语；be devoted to把献给;把专用于(主语是人)devote oneself to致力于, 献身于;专心于注意:在上述词组中,to是介词,后面要
6、接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 【相关链接】(1)devotedadj.忠诚的;挚爱的;喜欢的(2)devotion n.献身;专心;奉献;信仰。例如:The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.把过多的时间用于体育运动就使得用于学习的时间太少了。5.behave vt.&vi.举动;举止;行为表现【典型例句】 Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they b
7、ehave like humans.简已经研究它们很多年了,她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么得相似。The child behaved well at school.这孩子在校行为良好。 【相关链接】 behaviour“行为;举止;习性”,为不可数名词。Nobody before has fully understood chimp behaviour.在简之前没有人全面了解过黑猩猩的行为。6.worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得出力的【典型例句】 But the evening makes it all worthwhile.但是傍晚的时候使得这(一切)很值得。The ha
8、rd work was worthwhile because I passed the exam.我考试通过了,所以刻苦努力还是值得的。 It proved worthwhile to make the trip.此行证明是值得的。【要点归纳】worthwhile (adj.) 既可作表语,也可作定语，表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得去花时间、钱财或努力去做好,一般作“值得的、值得做的、有意义的”解，常用句型为“It is worthwhile doing(to do).”。【相关链接】 worth,worthy,worthwhile辨析:worth (adj.) 不能单独作表语，一般接名
9、词、动名词(主动形式)或表示“钱”及相当于“代价”的名词,也可接代词it。例如:My bike is worth repairing.我的自行车值得修理。Its worth the time and effort we devoted to it.我们把时间和精力用于此事是值得的。worthy (adj.) 不可单独作表语，常接“of+名词”或“of+动名词被动语态(或不定式的被动语态)”结构。作定语时表示“有价值的、值得尊敬的”。例如:The question is worthy of being considered.这个问题值得考虑。They are not worthy to be c
10、hosen.他们不值得被选中。Hes a worthy model worker teacher.他是一个名副其实的模范教师。7.observe vt.观察；注意;遵守;庆祝【典型例句】 As a child,he liked to observe the behaviour of insects.他小时候喜欢观察昆虫的习性。 She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.她看到一个人在路那边走着。He observed someone open the door.他看见有人开门。 He was observed to s
11、top at the gate.他被看到在门口停下来。We should observe the rules and regulations.我们应该遵守规章制度。 Do you observe Christmas in your country?你们国家过圣诞节吗?【要点归纳】 “observe+sb.+现在分词”作宾补,表示“注意到或观察某人正在做某事”;接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示“注意到某人做过某事”,在被动结构中,不定式不能省去to。8.argue vt.&vi.争论;辩论;说服【典型例句】 Im not going to argue with you tonight.我今晚不想与
12、你争辩。We argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服她不要去作这样危险的旅行。【要点归纳】 argue with sb.与争辩argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事/打消某种念头【相关链接】 argue about/over/on 辩论(争论)某事argue against反驳argue for 赞成;为而力争argue sb.into 说服某人(做某事或接受某种意见)argument n.争论；辩论；论据；论点arguer n.辩论者；争辩者9.inspire vt.鼓舞;感动;激发;启示
13、【典型例句】 Goodall inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.古多尔激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。He inspires selfconfidence in (into) his pupils.他鼓励他的学生要有自信心。The islands of Scotland inspired Mendelssohn to write some lovely music.苏格兰的岛屿给门德尔松灵感,使他写出了一些优美的乐曲。 【相关链接】 (1)inspirationn.“灵感”。例如:Poets and art
14、ists often draw their inspiration from nature.诗人与艺术家往往从自然界中得到灵感。(2)inspiringadj.“鼓舞的”。例如:an inspiring talk鼓舞人心的讲话 (3)inspiredadj. 得到灵感的;受到鼓舞的。例如:Every student was inspired by the story of Cong Fei.每个学生都从丛飞的故事中得到了鼓舞。10.support vt.&n.支持;拥护【典型例句】 That small chair isnt strong enough to support that heav
15、y man.那把小椅子经不住那个大胖子。 Air,food and water are necessary to support life.空气、食物和水是维持生命所不可缺少的。 He has always supported the football club.他一直在支持这个足球俱乐部。I hope to have your support.我希望能得到你的支持。 【相关链接】 come to ones support来支持某人give support to支持, 支援in support of 为辩护/证明，帮助/支援11.strike n.罢工;袭击vt.&vi.(struck;str
16、uck,stricken)打击，击中;打动;使突然想;给以印象【典型例句】 The Iraqi truck drivers has gone on strike.伊拉克卡车司机已经开始罢工了。 The commander decided to make an air strike on the enemys supply line.指挥官决定空袭敌人的补给线。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。He was struck by lightning.他被闪电击中。We were all struck by his speech.我们都被他的话打动了。It stru
17、ck me that the man was not telling the truth.我突然感到那个人没说真话。 How does his plan strike you?你感到他的计划怎么样?【要点归纳】 go on strike举行罢工strike作“打击”讲，强调“用力打”。be struck with(by) 为所袭击;为所侵袭;为所触动/感动It strikes me that我觉得;我的印象是【相关链接】 (1)stricken既可作strike的过去分词,也可作形容词,常作定语用,意为“受打击的;患病的”,也常用来构成合成形容词,意为“受侵袭的”。 例如:The strick
18、en man was taken immediately to a hospital.受伤的人被立即送往医院。 (2)strike,beat,hit辨析:beat指有目的地在某物上连续不断的击打,轻打、重打都可以。表示心跳、比赛中的击败对方也用beat。例如:They were beating the drum.他们在敲鼓。My heart beats faster after running.跑步之后我的心跳加快。hit用于表示“命中,击败”。 例如:The police hit the thief on the head.警察击中了小偷的头部。12.look down upon/on 蔑视
19、;瞧不起【典型例句】 We must not look down upon those who have lagged behind.我们不应该瞧不起后进的人。 Jack looked down upon Alf for his poor manners.杰克因阿尔夫举止粗鲁而瞧不起他。【相关链接】 look after照顾;关心look back回头看;回顾look for寻找；寻求;期望look forward to盼望;期待look in顺便看望;顺便拜访look into调查；深入了解look on观看；旁观look out注意look over翻阅；浏览look through浏览;
20、详细调查look up查阅；查出;看望13.consideration n.考虑;体谅【典型例句】That matter is under consideration.那件事正在考虑之中。That was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.那是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。【相关链接】(1)consider vt.考虑;认为。例如:Were considering moving to Seattle.我们考虑搬往西雅图。Michael is considered (to be/as )an expert
21、in computer science.迈克尔被认为是一位电脑专家。(2)considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的。例如:He was considerate of everyone.他对大家都很体贴。That was very considerate of you.你想得很周到。 (3)considerable adj.相当多的;重要的。例如:He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.他做房地产生意赚了一大笔钱。(4) considering prep.就而论,考虑到。例如:Considering the distance
22、,he arrived very quickly.考虑到路程较远,他来得够快了。(5)be under consideration 在考虑中in consideration of考虑到；由于on no consideration决不take into consideration把考虑进去the first consideration第一要件； 头等要事14.mean doing 意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果) 【典型例句】 Being a student means studying hard.作为一个学生,(意味着)你要努力学习。 Success means working hard.
23、成功意味着工作努力。 【要点归纳】 mean doing的主语通常为指事物的词。【相关链接】 (1)mean to do sth.打算或企图做某事。其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。 例如:We mean to call on you tomorrow.我们打算明天看望你。 He had meant to leave on Sunday,but has stayed on.他本来想星期天走的，但又留了下来(2)mean sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事。I mean you to work as our spokesman.我想请你当我们的代言人。(
24、3) be meant for 打算给予；打算作用。例如:These rooms are meant for the childrens centre.这些房间是打算用作少年活动中心的。15.care for 照顾；照看;喜爱【典型例句】 She doesnt care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰。The sick must be cared for.病人应得到照料。 【相关链接】 (1)care to do sth.喜欢干某事。例如:I wonder whether he would care to come with us.我不知道他是否愿意(或想)和我们一起来。 (2)care about对感兴趣;注意;关心;在乎。例如:I dont care about what you think;Im certain he is right.我不管你是怎么想的,我肯定他是对的。 We should care about each other.我们应当相互关心。
