1、定语从句【观察例句】1Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.2Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.3Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.4By around 900AD，there were many places in Northern Euro
2、pe where the Vikings chose to live.【归纳用法】一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述1限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。2非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。He has two sisters，who ar
3、e working in the city.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。即学即练1单句语法填空The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1标点的运用有所不同限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。Who is the girl that is standing under t
4、he tree?站在树下的那个女孩是谁？He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。2从句的作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volle
5、yball.第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。3关系词的选用不同限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。Yesterday he bought a new car，which w
6、as made in Japan.(which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。He didnt give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)He didnt give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.他没有给出他上周没参加会议的理由。4从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句
7、的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。5关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。I still remember th
8、e days we spent together in college.(we前省略了that/which)我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。She is not the one (that) she used to be.(that在定语从句中作表语)她已不再是昔日的她了。6英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？The concert，which was held last week，w
9、as a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。即学即练2单句语法填空Liquid water changes to vapor，which is called evaporation.Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year.This is the house where I lived two years ago.三、as和which引导非限
10、制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等句意上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。After graduating from college，I t
11、ook some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。即学即练3Metals have many good properties，as has been stated before.Light travels in straight lines，which explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.单句语法填空1The reason which/that he e
12、xplained for his being late was that his alarm clock didnt work.2Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.3I often have the case where I cant recognise my friends voice on the phone.4Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old when they swam in it.
13、5Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.6Mexico City，which has a population of over 10 million，is probably the fastest growing city in the world.7We will be shown around the city: schools，museums，and some other places，where other visitors seldom go
14、.8As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.9English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of which uses it differently.10I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.短文语法填空I have a good friend 1.whose name is Wan
15、g Fang. She is from a town 2.where rice is grown. She likes reading novels 3.which are written by Americans. She often goes to the park 4.where many beautiful flowers are grown. She often discusses the problems 5.that she cant solve by herself.She went to the city 6.where her father 7.worked(work) last year to experience life. This year she wants to visit the city of Beijing 8.where her aunt lives. She is so kind 9.that she is ready to help the people 10.who are in trouble.