1、七宝中学2020学年第一学期高一年级期中英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
2、 a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. A host.B. A cameraman.C. A reporter.D. An actor.2.A. 50 Euros.B. 150 Euros.C. 40 Euros.D. 400 Euros.3.A. He doesnt have a ticket.B. The
3、 lecture is not open to the public.C. He is not interested in the topic.D. All the tickets have been sold out.4.A. The woman doesnt like the mans glasses.B. The manager doesnt like young employees.C. The woman has the same preference as the manager.D. The manager somewhat judges a person by appearan
4、ce. 5.A. In a taxi.B. At the airport.C. On a plane.D. At the bus station.6.A. Jack is responsible for the loss of the photos.B. We should not trust everything on the Internet.C. Jack is not alone in relying on digital information.D. The digital age means greater risks for everyone.7.A. Stand to keep
5、 the phone from falling over.B. Wear sunglasses while watching a movie.C. Not watch movies on his phone.D. Use sunglasses to keep the phone steady.8.A. There is a no fishing sign.B. The man caught many small fish.C. The woman is angry with the man.D. The man had to pay to fish there.9.A. Seeing a do
6、ctor.B. Rescheduling the lesson.C. Staying at home.D. Making another appointment.10.A. She is satisfied with her new hairstyle.B. She is suffering from a serious hair loss.C. She found her new image unbelievably nice.D. Her hairstylist didnt understand her requirement. Section BDirections: In Sectio
7、n B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your pap
8、er and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A plane to Moscow crashed.B. A lorry came straight at him.C. A car exploded 100 metres below.D. A train fell into an icy river.12.A. He landed in a haystack (干草垛
9、).B. He jumped out and landed in a tree.C. He wore the safety belt and didnt fall out.D. He crawled out of the car before it exploded.13.A. He was unwilling to take any risk.B. He was busy preparing for his wedding.C. He was worried about his great fortune.D. He didnt want others to know he had won
10、a lottery.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. To warn people of the danger of a “smart-phone zombie (僵尸)”.B. To stop people from watching their phone screens on the road.C. To make the city the safest for tourists to visit.D. To make sure people obey proper traffic rules
11、.15.A. $35.B. $75.C. $110.D. $100.16.A. Make a phone call.B. Check text messages.C. Send an emergency mail.D. Make an online purchase.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Meeting their old friends.B. Shopping for a gift.C. Choosing a dress for Mum.D. Doing some windo
12、w-shopping.18.A. A sportsman.B. An actor.C. A model.D. A new friend.19.A. She should go up and say hi.B. She should ask Jessica to sign her name.C. She should make friends with Jessica.D. She should leave Jessica alone.20.A. Excited.B. Disappointed.C. Bored.D. Unwilling.II. Grammar and VocabularySec
13、tion ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个
14、适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane _1_ (encounter) violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknown mountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, l
15、eaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, _2_ it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our food couldnt last us long, sticking t
16、o the hope that we _3_ (rescue) soon.We knew from radio that the outside world _4_ (try) to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the res
17、cue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. _5_ the crash site was an awful place, with urine (尿) everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon _6_ we were n
18、ot rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The moun
19、tain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep _7_ it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope _8_ I sp
20、otted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then _9_ (guide) the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had end
21、ured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who _10_ (cheat) death despite the odds (困难).【答案】1. encountered 2. even though / even if 3. would be rescued 4. was trying / would try / had been trying 5. Although / Though / While 6. if 7. that 8. when 9. guided 10. had che
22、ated【解析】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己经历的一场空难，经历重重困难，最终16人得以生还。【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：当飞机飞越群山时，遇到了猛烈的气流。分析句子可知，encounter是谓语动词，根据上下文使用一般过去时可知，描述过去发生的事情，故填encountered。2题详解】考查连词。句意：为了增加了被发现的可能性，尽管天气非常寒冷，我们在室外等候，而不是在飞机上等候。根据语境，此处是让步状语从句，故填even though / even if。【3题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我们知道我们的食物维持不了多久，坚持着希望我们很快就能获救。分析句子可知，that引导同位语从句
23、，解释说明the hope，rescue是从句的谓语动词，根据从句时间状语soon可知，表示“不久将会被救助”，是相对于过去而言，将来要发生的事情，用过去将来时，且主语we与谓语动词rescue是被动关系。故填would be rescued【4题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我们从无线电上得知外界正在努力寻找失踪的飞机。根据句意，表示当时外界正在（将要/一直在）努力寻找失踪的飞机，表示过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，表示相对于过去而言将要发生的动作，用过去将来时，表示从过去开始一直持续到过去某一时刻的动作用过去完成进行时，且主语是第三人称单数，故填was trying / would try
24、 / had been trying。【5题详解】考查连词。句意：尽管事故现场是一个可怕的地方,到处是尿和死亡的气味,我仍然想呆在那里。根据句意，空格处引导让步状语从句，置句首单词首字母大写，故填Although / Though / While。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：但是，如果我们不获救，我妹妹很快就会屈服于重伤。根据句意，空格处引导条件状语从句，如果再得不到救助，我妹妹就会因为受伤而屈服。故填if。【7题详解】考查连词。句意：我们要挑战的这座山的斜坡非常陡峭，会把一支专业登山者队伍吓跑。根据句意并分析句子可知，此处考查sothat句型，表示“如此以至于”。故填that。【8题详解】考
25、查连词。句意：失望之余，我们正准备放弃希望，这时候我发现山脚下有一个山谷，于是我们又开始下山。分析句子可知，此处考查“be about to do sth. when”，表示“正打算做某事这时候”，表示一个动作进行时突然出现另一个动作。结合句意，故填when。【9题详解】考查动词时态。句意：然后，我乘坐直升飞机带领救援小组前往坠机地点。分析句子可知，guide是谓语动词，根据语境可知，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填guided。【10题详解】考查动词时态。句意：最后，在我们忍受了十九个残酷的日子之后，全世界都知道了尽管困难重重，16个幸存者侥幸逃过了死亡。分析句子可知，“逃脱了死亡”先于
26、“全世界知道”，表示“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时。故填had cheated。(B)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dear Cutie-Pie,Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Halfway through entering the question, Google returned a list of _11_ (popular) searches in the world. At the top of the list was “How to ke
27、ep him interested.”It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways _12_ a girl can make him feel smart and superior.And I got angry.Little One, it is not, has never been, and never _13_ (be)
28、your job to “keep him interested.”Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul in that unshakeable place that isnt upset by rejection and loss that you are worthy of interest. _14_ you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense of the world: you
29、 will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life _15_ (invest) all of his interest in you.Little One, I want to tell you about the boy who doesnt need to be kept interested, _16_ he knows you are interesting.I dont care if he cant play a bit of golf with me as
30、long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in (陶醉于) all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I dont care if he doesnt follow his wallet as long as he _17_ (follow) his heart and it always leads him back to you. I dont care if he is strong as long as he gives yo
31、u the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldnt care _18_ (little) how he votes as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart. I dont care about the color of his skin. I dont care if he _19_ (raise
32、) in this religion or that religion or no religion.Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have _20_ else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to “keep him interested” is to be you.You
33、r eternally interested guy,Daddy【答案】11. the most popular 12. that 13. will be 14. If / When 15. investing 16. because / since / as / for 17. follows 18. less 19. was raised / has been raised 20. nothing / little【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了父亲写个女儿的一封信，信中讲述了父亲一次上网经历的感悟，令他震惊的是网上最受欢迎的搜索列表是女孩该如何取悦男孩，父亲认为女儿应该知道她值得任
34、何男孩的喜欢，对于这个男孩是什么样的，父亲不在意，从而鼓励女儿相信自己的价值。【11题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在输入问题一半的时候，谷歌返回了世界上最流行的搜索列表。根据空后“searches”为名词可知，所填空应是形容词，结合后文“in the world”可知，应是形容词最高级。故填the most popular。【12题详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我浏览了数不清的文章中的几篇，这些文章都是关于如何变得性感，什么时候给他端上一杯啤酒，什么时候给他端上一份三明治，以及一个女孩如何让他感到聪明和优越。分析可知，“a girl can make him feel smart and
35、superior”为之前名词“the ways”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作宾语，“the ways”做先行词，可用关系代词that引导。故填that。【13题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：小家伙，你的工作不是，从来不是，也永远不会是“让他感兴趣”。分析可知，and为并列连词，因此所填空应与之前“is”，“has never been”为并列谓语，结合之前“is”为一般现在时，“has never been”为现在完成时可知，所填空应是一般将来时。故填will be。【14题详解】考查条件状语从句引导词。句意：如果你能以这种方式相信自己的价值，你将在这个世界上最重要的意义上具有吸引力：你将吸引一
36、个既有能力感兴趣，又想花一辈子的时间把他所有的兴趣都投资在你身上的男孩。分析可知，“_4_ you can trust your worth in this way(如果你能这样相信你的价值)”为后文“you will be attractive in the most important sense of the world(在最重要的方面你会很有吸引力)”的条件状语从句，可用“if/when”引导。故填If/When。【15题详解】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：如果你能以这种方式相信自己的价值，你将在这个世界上最重要的意义上具有吸引力：你将吸引一个既有能力感兴趣，又想花一辈子的时间把他所有的
37、兴趣都投资在你身上的男孩。spend (in) doing sth，固定短语，意为“花做”，其中介词in可省略，doing为动名词作宾语。故填investing。【16题详解】考查原因状语从句引导词。句意：小家伙，我想告诉你一个不需要一直保持兴趣的男生，因为他知道你很有趣。分析可知，“_6_ he knows you are interesting(他知道你是个有趣的人)”为前文“I want to tell you about the boy who doesnt need to be kept interested(我想告诉你一个不需要保持兴趣的男孩)”的原因状语从句，应用连词“becau
38、se/since/as/for”引导。故填because/since/as/for。【17题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我不关心他是否关注他的钱包只要他关注他的心，它总是会引导他回到你身边。所填空为从句谓语，结合语境时态为一般现在时，主语“he”为第三人称单数，应用第三人称单数形式。故填follows。【18题详解】考查比较级表达最高级含义。句意：我一点也不关心他怎么投票只要他每天早上醒来，每天都把你选在家里的荣誉位置，在他心中的尊重位置。分析可知，所填空应是比较级，构成“cant/couldnt +比较级”结构表达最高级含义，意为“再不过；完全不.”。故填less。【19题详解】考查
39、动词时态和被动。句意：我不在乎他是在这种宗教或那种宗教或没有宗教的环境中长大的。分析可知，所填空应是从句谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知可用一般过去时被动结构或现在完成时被动结构，主语“he”为第三人称单数，应用第三人称单数形式。故填was raised / has been raised。【20题详解】考查不定代词和固定短语。句意：小家伙，如果你遇到一个这样的男人，而我和他没有任何共同之处，我们会有最重要的共同之处：你。“have nothing/little (else) in common”，固定短语，意为“没有（其他的）共同之处”。故填nothing/little。Sectio
40、n BDirections: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)从方框里选择合适的词语的适当形式填空。A. adopts B. affected C. alarms D. chartsAB. demands AC. equipped AD. facilities BC. impact BD. launch CD. limited ABC.
41、signalsIn ancient times, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them on a clear night. Today, we have navigational systems to help us find our way, with the latest being the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS).The BDS is entirely built by Chinese engineers. With the _21_ of the last satellite f
42、rom the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites has been completed. On July 31, Beidou started providing full-scale global services. Its difficult to imagine the great _22_ those satellites, orbiting (围绕运转) the Earth, have on our daily lives.When you unlock on
43、e of Hellobikes bicycles, you are using the BDS. The popular bike-sharing company came out with two new bike models this year that are _23_ with the positioning service. “The intelligent lock on each bike receives Beidou satellite _24_ and sends positioning information to the data center, which will
44、 help collect big data on the bikes and estimate users riding _25_ in advance according to the data,” Chu Yiqun, a manager of Hellobike told Xinhua News Agency. Users can also find shared bikes more accurately thanks to Beidous global positioning accuracy of 2.34 meters.However, the BDS doesnt just
45、work one way. As the countrys largest space-based system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States GPS, Russias GLONASS and the European Unions Galileo, Beidou _26_ a unique two-way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from are
46、as with poor communication signals. Obviously, this exclusive function isnt designed for users to chat online. Instead, it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.After the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, all ground-based communication _27_ were interrupted. Though the first ge
47、neration of Beidou could only send 120 characters in a single message at that time, communication between _28_ areas and rescue centers was successful. Now, Beidous messaging capacity has been increased to 1,200 Chinese characters in a single message. It is widely used in disaster _29_, automatic id
48、entification and information release.As Sun Jiadong, former chief designer of the BDS said: “The application of Beidou is only _30_ by imagination.”【答案】21. BD 22. BC 23. AC 24. ABC 25. AB 26. A 27. AD 28. B 29. C 30. CD【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国最新的北斗导航卫星系统，介绍了其应用、特点和对人们生活影响等情况。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：随着6月23日西昌卫星发射中
49、心最后一颗卫星发射，由59颗卫星组成的全球卫星网络已经完成。根据上文定冠词the，以及句意“发射”可知应填名词launch。故填launch。故选BD。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：很难想象那些绕地球运行的卫星对我们日常生活的巨大影响。根据上文the great，以及句意“影响”可知应填名词impact，短语have the great impact on sth.“对有巨大影响”。故填impact。故选BC。【23题详解】考查固定短语。句意：这家广受欢迎的共享单车公司今年推出了两款配备了定位服务的新自行车。根据后文“with the positioning service”，结合句意表示“配
50、备”可知短语为be equipped with。故填equipped。故选AC。【24题详解】考查名词的数。句意：Hellobike的经理Chu Yiqun在接受新华社采访时表示：“每辆自行车上的智能锁接收北斗卫星信号，并将定位信息发送到数据中心，这将有助于收集自行车上的大数据，并根据数据提前估计用户的骑行需求。”根据上文“receives Beidou satellite”，以及句意“信号”可知应填名词signals，作宾语，且signal为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填signals。故选ABC。【25题详解】考查名词的数。句意：Hellobike的经理Chu Yiqun在接受新华社采访
51、时表示：“每辆自行车上的智能锁接收北斗卫星信号，并将定位信息发送到数据中心，这将有助于收集自行车上的大数据，并根据数据提前估计用户的骑行需求。”根据上文名词所有格“users riding”，以及句意“需求”可知应填名词demand，且demand为可数名词，由users可知应用复数形式。故填demands。故选AB。【26题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：北斗是中国最大的天基系统，与美国的GPS、俄罗斯的GLONASS和欧盟的伽利略一起，是四大全球导航网络之一。北斗采用了一种独特的双向通信系统，包括它能够接收来自通信信号不良地区的人们发送的信息。结合句意“采用”可知应填动词adopt，作
52、谓语，此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Beidou，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填adopts。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词的数。句意：2008年汶川地震后，所有地面通讯设施中断。结合句意“设施”可知应填名词facility，facility为可数名词由all修饰应用复数。故填facilities。故选AD。【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然第一代北斗在当时只能发送一条120个字符的信息，但受影响地区和救援中心之间的通信是成功的。修饰后文areas应用形容词，且表示“受影响的”应用affected。故填affected。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词的数。句意：广泛应用于灾害报警、自动识
53、别和信息发布。结合句意“警报”可知应填名词alarm，alarm为可数名词，此处表示灾害警报应用复数形式。故填alarms。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词语态。句意：正如北斗系统前总设计师孙家栋所说：“北斗的应用只受想象力的限制。”此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，根据上文“The application of Beidou is”可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填limited。故选CD。(B)从方框里选择合适的词语的适当形式填空。A. access B. appeal C. attraction D. based AB. biography AC. drawn AD. limitations
54、BC. mainstream BD. raised CD. ruins ABC. scholarly The term dark tourism is far newer than the practice, which long predates Pompeiis emergence as a dark attraction. Dr. Philip Stone, perhaps the worlds leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Coliseum to be one of the first dark
55、 tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18th century, the _31_ was crueler still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the site, which was roughly where Marble A
56、rch stands today.It was only in 1996 that dark tourism entered the _32_ vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow applied it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F. Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism identify plenty of reasons for the growing phenomenon, including _33_ awarene
57、ss of it as an identifiable thing. _34_ to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap air travel. Its hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year were it not for its nearness to Krakows international airport. Peter Ho
58、henhaus, a widely travelled dark tourist _35_ in Vienna, also points to the broader rise in off-the-beaten-track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. “A lot of people dont want _36_ tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent his
59、tory than, say, a Roman ruin,” he says. “You go to Sarajevo (萨拉热窝) and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to ones own _37_.”Hohenhaus is also a fan of beauty in decay, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban _38_ have become subject matter for expensive coffe
60、e-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts. The crossover (糅合) with death is clear. “Ive always been _39_ to ruined things,” the 54-year-old says. But while, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is educational, the example of Grenfell Tower (a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 20
61、17 with 71 deaths) hints at the unease felt at some sites. “I remember the Lonely Planet Bluelist book had a chapter about dark tourism a while ago and one of the rules was dont go back too early,” Hohenhaus says. “Ill be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close. I can see the _40_. But I would not
62、 stand in the street taking a selfie merrily.”【答案】31. B 32. ABC 33. BD 34. A 35. D 36. BC 37. AB 38. CD 39. AC 40. C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主语介绍了“黑暗旅游”是到涉及到历史上与死亡和悲剧有关的地方参观的旅游及其流行的原因。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：后来，直到18世纪晚期，在伦敦市中心，人们花钱坐在看台上观看集体绞刑，这种吸引力更加残酷。根据空前定冠词“the”可知，所填应是名词，结合后文“where people paid money to sit in grand
63、stands to watch mass hangings”可知，人们会花钱坐在看台上观看大规模的绞刑，说明这是具有“吸引力”的。选项B“appeal”作名词，意为“吸引力；魅力”，符合语境分析。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：直到1996年，“黑暗旅游”才进入学术词汇，当时格拉斯哥的两位学者在研究与约翰F肯尼迪谋杀案有关的地点时将其应用。所填空应是形容词作定语修饰之后名词“vocabulary”，结合后文“when two academics in Glasgow applied it while looking at sites associated with the murde
64、r of John F. Kennedy(格拉斯哥的两位学者在研究与约翰F肯尼迪谋杀案有关的网站时应用了它。)”可知，应是“学术词汇”。选项ABC“scholarly”为形容词，意为“学术的；学术性的”，符合语境分析。故选ABC项。【33题详解】考查动词。句意：研究“黑暗旅游”的人认为，这种日益增长的现象有很多原因，包括人们越来越意识到它是一种可识别的事物。所填空应是动词，结合后文宾语“awareness”可知，应是固定短语“raise awareness of”，意为“提高意识；唤醒的意识”。故选BD项。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：随着廉价航空的到来，进入到这些（事件发生的）场所的情况也有
65、所增加。所填空为句子主语，应是名词，结合空后“to sites”可知，所选词应与“to”连用，构成固定短语。选项A“access”为名词，意为“进入手段；进入权”，可构成固定短语“access to”，意为“进入”，符合语境搭配。故选A项。【35题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：彼得霍亨豪斯是一位住在维也纳的“黑暗之旅”的常客，他也指出，非主流旅游正在广泛兴起，超出了流行旅游指南和TripAdvisor排名的范围。所填空为非谓语动词，做之前名词“dark tourist”的后置定语，且与空后的介词“in”构成固定短语，选项D“based”，可构成固定短语“（be）based in+地点名词”，“b
66、e based in = be located in”，意为“位于”，符合语境和语义搭配。故选D项。【36题详解】考查名词作定语。句意：他说：“很多人不想要主流旅游，这往往意味着要去那些历史比罗马废墟更近的地方。”根据空后“tourism”为名词可知，所填空应是其定语，结合后文“that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history than, say, a Roman ruin”可知，游客想要去一些历史更近的地方，而不是像罗马废墟这样比较主流的游览地，选项BC“mainstream”意为“主流”，可作定语，符
67、合语境搭配。故选BC项。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：你去萨拉热窝，大多数人都记得新闻里的战争，所以感觉更像是自己的经历。根据空前“ones own”可知，所填空应是名词，结合前文“You go to Sarajevo and most people remember the war being in the news(你去萨拉热窝，大多数人都记得新闻里的战争)”可知，本句应是指萨拉热窝事件代表的第一次世界大战，以此到该地游览应是能够感受到当时的“事件”，就像自己经历过一样。选项AB“biography”为名词，意为“传记”，用在句中可表达“你去萨拉热窝，大多数人都记得新闻里的战争，所以感觉更
68、像是自己的经历”，符合语境。故选AB项。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：Hohenhaus也是“衰变中的美”的粉丝，这是一场当代文化运动，在这场运动中，城市废墟已经成为昂贵的咖啡桌上书籍和成千上万个Instagram账户的主题。根据空前“urban”可知，所填空应是名词，结合后文“Ive always been _9_ to ruined things”可知，所填名词应与“ruins”相呼应。选项CD“ruins”作名词，意为“残垣断壁；废墟”，符合分析。故选CD项。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：我总是被破坏的东西所吸引。分析可知，所填词应是形容词，与空前“be”动词，空后“to”构成固定结构
69、，且与前文“a fan of ”中“fan”相呼应。选项AC“drawn”，可构成“be drawn to”，固定短语，意为“被所吸引”，符合语境搭配。故选AC项。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：我很想近距离看看格伦费尔大厦。我能看到它的吸引力。根据空前“see”可知，所填空应是名词，结合前文“Ill be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close(我很想近距离看看格伦费尔大厦)”可知，所选名词应表达与旅游有关的含义。选项C“attraction”，为名词，意为“吸引力；游览胜地”，符合语境分析。故选C项。III. Reading Comprehensi
70、onSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Next week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving feasts (大餐), many other Americans will go wi
71、thout. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, more than 12 million households _41_ enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year including _42_.Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country one of the worlds wealthiest yet the government estimates that w
72、e waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than one-quarter of our total supply.Reducing this improper distribution of _43_ is a goal of Americas Second Harvest, the nations largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Last year, it _44_ nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23
73、 million people in need.Americas Second Harvest is a network of 214 inter-connected food banks and other organizations that _45_ food from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants. _46_, the network distributes food to some 50,000 soup kitchens (施食处), homeless _47_ and old peoples centers
74、 in every county of every state.A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of _48_ to thousands of small, non-profit organizations. Until a few years ago, Americas Second Harvest lacked any _49_ way to manage their inventory (存货). Without accurate and timely informa
75、tion, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to _50_ in loading places.In 2000, Americas Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system Ceres. It is a _51_ designed specifically for hunger-relief operations. It is used by more than 100 Americas Second Har
76、vest organizations to _52_ food from donation to distribution.Ceres has helped _53_ the spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the software streamlined (精简) food banks operations by 23 percent in the first year alone.With more accurate and timely reports, Ceres saves tim
77、e, frees staff members to focus on finding new donors, and _54_ more efficient use of donations.Hunger in America remains a(n) _55_ social problem. Technology alone cannot solve it. But in the hands of organizations such as Americas Second Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a dif
78、ference and helping more Americans to join in the feast.41. A. serveB. lackC. reserveD. order42. A. workdaysB. birthdaysC. holidaysD. paydays43. A. resourcesB. incomesC. missionsD. services44. A. exposedB. introducedC. distributedD. addicted45. A. harvestB. prepareC. recommendD. gather46. A. For exa
79、mpleB. In contrastC. Above allD. In turn47. A. backyardsB. sheltersC. garagesD. cabins48. A. donorsB. survivorsC. farmersD. victims49. A. innovativeB. impressiveC. effectiveD. productive50. A. growB. recycleC. spoilD. stir51. A. theoryB. actionC. remedyD. software52. A. advertiseB. relieveC. trackD.
80、 migrate53. A. produceB. reduceC. shiftD. simplify54. A. promisesB. ceasesC. admitsD. locates55. A. troublingB. demandingC. touchingD. imposing【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国第二丰收组织为了优化社会捐赠食物的合理分配，使用一种叫做Ceres的软件，从而有效地解决
81、捐赠食物的处理问题。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据美国农业部的数据，超过1200万户家庭在一年中的某个时候，包括节假日，缺少足够的食物供每个家庭成员食用。A. serve为服务；B. lack缺乏；C. reserve保留，预定；D. order命令。根据第二段的关键词“Hunger”可知，1200万户家庭应该是缺乏食物。故选B项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. workdays工作日；B. birthdays生日；C. holidays节假日；D. paydays发薪日。根据本句中“at some time during the year”和“including”
82、可知，此处表示包括节假日。故选C项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：减少这种不合理的资源分配是美国第二丰收组织的目标之一，该组织是美国国内最大的饥饿救济组织。A. resources资源；B. incomes收入；C. missions使命；D. services服务。根据“the nations largest domestic hunger-relief organization”可知，该组织的目的是减少不合理的资源分配。故选A项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。A. exposed暴露；B. introduced介绍
83、，引进；C. distributed分发；D. addicted使上瘾。根据上一句中关键词“distribution”可知，此处指该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。故选C项。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国第二丰收组织是一个由214个相互联系的食品银行和其他组织组成的网络，从种植者、加工商、杂货店和餐馆处收集食品。A. harvest收获；B. prepare准备；C. recommend推荐；D. gather收集。根据“from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants”可知，此处表示收集食物。故选
84、D项。【46题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：反过来，该网络向每州每县的约5万个施食处、无家可归者收容所和老年人中心分发食物。A. For example举个例子；B. In contrast与此相反；C. Above all首先；D. In turn反过来。根据上文“gather food from”和本句“distributes food to”推测，此句中的行为与上一句的行为正好反过来。故选D项。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. backyards后院；B. shelters庇护所；C. garages车库；D. cabins小屋。根据“homeless”推测，此处是指庇护所
85、、收容所。故选B项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的工作涉及从成千上万捐助者向成千上万的小型非营利组织分发的成吨的食品。A. donors捐助者；B. survivors幸存者；C. farmers农民；D. victims受害者。根据上文“from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants”可知，此处的食物是社会各部分捐赠而来的。故选A项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到几年前，美国的第二丰收组织还没有任何有效的方法来管理他们的库存。A. innovative创新的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的
86、；C. effective有效的；D. productive高产的。根据“Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to 10 in loading places.”可知，此处表示没有管理食物的有效方法。故选C项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于没有准确和及时的信息，施食处有时会空无一人，而食物则被留在装运地点变质。A. grow成长；B. recycle循环；C. spoil腐败，变质；D. stir搅拌。根据“soup kitche
87、ns were sometimes empty”及“white”可知，此处的食物应该是留在装运地点变质腐败。故选C项。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一款专门为救济饥饿而设计的软件。A. theory原理；B. action行动；C. remedy补救；D. software软件。根据“In 2000, Americas Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system Ceres.”可知，Ceres是一种软件系统。故选D项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它被100多个美国第
88、二丰收组织用来追踪食物从捐赠到分发的全过程。A. advertise广告；B. relieve解除，减轻；C. track追踪；D. migrate移居。根据“food from donation to distribution”可知，此处应该是用Ceres系统来追踪食物的捐赠到分发的过程。故选C项。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ceres帮助食物减少腐烂并改善分配。A. produce生产；B. reduce减少；C. shift转移、变换；D. simplify简化。根据“improve the situation”可知，此处应该是帮助减少食物腐败。故选B项。【54题详解】考查动词
89、词义辨析。句意：由于报告更加准确和及时，Ceres节省了时间，使工作人员有时间专注于寻找新的捐助者，并承诺更有效地利用捐赠物。A. promises承诺；B. ceases停止；C. admits承认；D. locates定位。此句表示Ceres的优点，根据“more efficient use of donations”可知，此处应该是指Ceres承诺更高效的捐赠物利用率。故选A项。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的社会问题。A. troubling令人不安的；B. demanding要求高的；C. touching令人感动的；D. imposing壮观的
90、。根据下一句“Technology alone cannot solve it.”可知，此处表示饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的问题。故选A项。(B)Speed-reading is a crucial skill in the Internet age. We skim over articles, e-mails and tweets to try to _56_ key words and the essential meaning of a certain text. _57_ with information from our electronic devices, it would
91、be impossible to cope if we read word by word, line by line.But a new trend calls on people to _58_ and enjoy reading slowly, using the linear (线性的) pattern, left-to-right sequence.A recent story from The Wall Street Journal reported on a book club in Wellington, New Zealand, where members meet in a
92、 cafe and turn off their smartphones. They _59_ comfortable chairs and read in silence for an hour.Unlike traditional book clubs, the _60_ of the Slow Reading Club isnt exchanging ideas about a certain book, but to get away from electronic devices and read in a quiet, _61_ environment. According to
93、the Journal, the Wellington Book Club is just one example of a movement _62_ by book lovers who miss the old-fashioned way of reading before the Internet and smartphones.Slow readers, such as The Atlantics Maura Kelly, say a regular reading habit sharpens the mind, improves concentration, _63_ stres
94、s levels and deepens the ability to empathize (有同感).Some of these benefits have been backed up by science. _64_, a study of 300 elderly people published by the journal Neurology last year showed that regular engagement in _65_ activities like reading slowed the rate of memory loss later in life.Anot
95、her study published last year in Science showed that reading novels helps people understand others mental states and beliefs, a crucial skill in building _66_.Slow reading means a(n) _67_ to an uninterrupted, linear pattern, in a quiet environment free of _68_. Aim for 30 minutes a day, advises Kell
96、y from The Atlantic. “You can squeeze in that half hour pretty easily if only during your free moments whenever you find yourself _69_ firing up your laptop to check your favorite site, or scanning Twitter for something to pass the time you pick up a meaningful work of literature,” Kelly said. “_70_
97、 your e-reader, if you like. Kindles make books like War and Peace less heavy, and also ensure youll never lose your place in the book.”56. A. highlightB. graspC. determineD. underline57. A. FloodedB. ArmedC. ObsessedD. Impressed58. A. unlockB. uncoverC. unplugD. unpack59. A. straighten inB. rise fr
98、omC. shift inD. sink into60. A. pointB. causeC. impactD. duty61. A. protectedB. interactiveC. relaxedD. addictive62. A. definedB. urgedC. initiatedD. performed63. A. increasesB. maintainsC. evaluatesD. reduces64. A. In briefB. For exampleC. Above allD. By contrast65. A. recreationalB. professionalC.
99、 intellectualD. educational66. A. confidenceB. enduranceC. awarenessD. relationship67. A. returnB. answerC. endD. barrier68. A. misunderstandingsB. sufferingsC. obstaclesD. distractions69. A. purposelyB. automaticallyC. occasionallyD. leisurely70 A. Cope withB. Reach forC. Believe inD. Stick to【答案】5
100、6. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. A 61. C 62. C 63. D 64. B 65. C 66. D 67. A 68. D 69. B 70. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的趋势慢阅读。呼吁人们拔掉电源，慢慢地享受阅读，使用线性模式，从左到右的顺序。同时也介绍可这种阅读方式的优点。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们浏览文章、电子邮件和微博，试图抓住（领会）关键词和某个文本的本质含义。A. highlight强调；B. grasp抓住，理解，领会；C. determine 决心；D. underline 在下面划线。根据上文的“skim ove
101、r”（快速阅读）和下文的“key words and the essential meaning”（关键词和某个文本的本质含义）可知，设空处应为grasp，“领会，理解”符合题意。故选B项。【57题详解】考查动词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：充斥着大量来自电子设备的信息，如果我们逐字逐行地阅读，是不可能应付的。A. Flooded淹没，大量涌入；B. Armed武装；C. Obsessed 着迷；D. Impressed 印象深刻。根据上文“Speed-reading is a crucial skill in the Internet age.”可知，网络时代，信息量大，所以来自电子设备的信息
102、大量涌入,be flooded with“充斥着”。故选A项【58题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是一种新的趋势呼吁人们拔掉电源，慢慢地享受阅读，使用线性模式，从左到右的顺序。A. unlock 解锁；B. uncover 揭开；C. unplug 拔掉电源； D. unpack 打开包裹。根据下文“enjoy reading slowly”（慢慢享受阅读）以及第三段中“turn off their smartphones”（关掉智能手机）和第四段第一句中 “but to get away from electronic devices”（远离电子设备）可知，空格处应为unplug“拔掉电源
103、”。故选C项。【59题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们坐在舒适的椅子上，默默地读书一个小时。A. straighten in拉直；B.rise from从崛起；C. shift in在中转移；D. sink into陷入；坐进。根据下文“comfortable chairs”（舒适的椅子）可知，设空处应该是sink into。 “坐在舒适的椅子上，默默地读书”合乎逻辑，符合题意。故选D项。【60题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同于传统的读书俱乐部，慢读俱乐部的意义不是交换关于某本书的想法，而是远离电子设备，在一个安静、放松的环境中阅读。A. point观点，要点，重点；B. cause原因
104、；C. impact冲击，影响；D. duty责任。 根据句意可知，“交换关于某本书的想法”是原来读书俱乐部的一个“要点”。故选A项。【61题详解】考查形容词词意辨析。句意：同6题。A. protected保护的；B. interactive互动的；C. relaxed放松的；D. addictive上瘾的。 根据上下文可知，作者介绍一种新的读书趋势，慢慢享受阅读，远离电子设备，在一个安静的环境中阅读，设空处表达的意思应该跟quiet相近，是良性的环境，用“放松的”符合语境。故选C项。【62题详解】考查动词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：据华尔街日报报道，惠灵顿图书俱乐部只是图书爱好者发起的一场运
105、动的一个例子，他们怀念互联网和智能手机出现之前的老式阅读方式。A. defined规定；B. urged怂恿，催促；C. initiated发起；D. performed施行，完成。分析句子可知，设空处为过去分词作定语修饰名词“a movement”。由“a movement”可知，图书俱乐部是图书爱好者“发起”的一项运动，故需用initiated。故选C项。【63题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：阅读速度慢的读者，比如大西洋月刊的莫拉 凯利说，有规律的阅读习惯可以提高思维敏捷度，提高注意力，减轻压力，加强移情能力。A. increases增加；B. maintains维持；C. evaluat
106、es评估；D. reduces降低。根据文章和本段主题，可知本句是介绍新阅读方法的优点，“减轻压力”是其优点之一。故选D项。【64题详解】考查介词短语。句意：例如，去年发表在神经学杂志上的一项针对300名老年人的研究表明，定期参与像阅读这样的智力活动可以减缓老年人记忆丧失的速度。A. In brief简单地；B. For example例如；C. Above all首先；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文“Some of these benefits have been backed up by science.”可知，这种读书方法的一些好处已经得到了科学的支持，下面内容，“科学研
107、究的结果”是上一句论点的一个事例。故选B项。【65题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同9题。A. recreational娱乐的；B. professional专业的；C. intellectual智力的；D. educational有教育意义的。读书俱乐部倡导的读书方法，在安静地环境里，慢速阅读是一种“智力活动”。故选C项。【66题详解】考查名词词义辨析。去年发表在科学杂志上的另一项研究表明，阅读小说有助于人们理解他人的精神状态和信念，这是建立人际关系的关键技能。A. confidence信心；B. endurance耐力；C. awareness意识；D. relationship关系。由
108、语意可知，“a crucial skill in building _11_”是对前文的解释，前文“理解他人”和“人际关系”密切相关。故选D项。【67题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：慢速阅读意味着在一个没有干扰的安静环境中，回到一个不间断的线性模式。A. return 返回；B. answer答案；C. end结束；D. barrier障碍。由文章主题可知，作者所呼吁的慢速阅读，远离电子设备，是读书方法的一种“回归”，故选A项。【68题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同12题。A. misunderstandings误会； B. sufferings痛苦；C. obstacles妨害人或物D.
109、distractions使分心的人或物。形容词free of意为“无的”，由语意可知，安静的环境，读书会更加专心，注意力更集中，自然是没有分心。故选D项。【69题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你可以很容易地挤出那半个小时，如果只是在你空闲的时候无论何时你发现自己自动打开笔记本电脑查看你最喜欢的网站，或者通过浏览Twitter来打发时间你就可以挑选一本有意义的文学作品。”。A. purposely有目的地；B. automatically自动地；C. occasionally偶然地；D. leisurely悠然地。由文章第一段可知，互联网时代，人们习惯了通过电子设备快速阅读，所以我们常常不自觉地
110、，自动地就打开了电脑。故选B项。【70题详解】考查动词短语语义辨析。句意：如果你愿意，可以拿起你的电子阅读器。A. Cope with应付；B. Reach for伸手去拿；C. Believe in相信；D. Stick to坚持。根据下文“Kindles make books like War and Peace less heavy, and also ensure youll never lose your place in the book.”可知，Kelly在建议拿起书来的同时，还提到你可以使书不那么重，就是也可以拿起电子阅读器。故选B项。Section BDirections:
111、Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once there was a circle that was mi
112、ssing a piece. A large triangular wedge (三角形楔子) had been cut out of it. The circle wanted to be whole with nothing missing, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete, it could roll only very slowly. As it rolled slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It ch
113、atted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them fit. So it left them all by the side of the road and kept on searching. Then one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It took the m
114、issing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice the flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled s
115、lowly away.The lesson of the story was that in some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn (渴望), to hope, to nourish (滋养) his soul with the dream of something better. He will
116、 never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted and never had. There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so. The
117、re is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, who can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and apprecia
118、ting it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only long for. That, I believe, is what God asks of us not “Be perfect”, not “Dont ever make a mistake”, but “Be whole”. And in the end, if we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in anothers happine
119、ss, and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all, then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.71. According to paragraph 1, the circle gives up the missing piece, because _.A. it is not the perfect fit for the circleB. it is different from t
120、he circles wishC. it stops the circle from enjoying lifeD. it slows down the speed of the circle72. According to the author, why is the man who has everything in some ways a poor man?A. Because this man hasnt found his missing piece.B. Because this man could no longer nourish his soul.C. Because thi
121、s man never has someone who loves him.D. Because this man has nothing left for him to live for.73. The phrase “come to terms with” in paragraph 2 is probably closest in meaning to _.A. abandonB. acceptC. adjustD. assess74. According to the passage, the wholeness of life is _.A. an attitude to accept
122、 and live with the imperfect selvesB. a kind of care for all the people around as well as ourselvesC. the ability to avoid making any kind of mistake in our livesD. the appreciation of nature, like flowers, worms, sunshine【答案】71. C 72. D 73. B 74. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过例子说明在某种意义上，当我们失去了一些东西时，我们会变得更加
123、完整。我们要带着这种不完美的心态去用心生活。【71题详解】.推理判断题。根据文章第一段句子“As it rolled slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine.”（它慢慢地滚动着，欣赏着沿途的花儿。它和虫子聊天。它享受着阳光。）可知，当圆圈缺了一块时，它只能慢慢滚动，它的生活很丰富多彩。根据第一段最后一句“When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly,
124、 it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.”（当它意识到当它滚动得如此之快时，世界是多么的不同，它停了下来，把找到的那块放在路边，慢慢地滚走了。）可知，圆圈放弃变得完美，就是因为变成完美后阻止了它继续享受生活。故选C项。【72题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段句子“He will never know what it feels like to yearn (渴望), to hope, to nourish (滋养) his soul with the dream of so
125、mething better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted and never had.”（ 他永远不会知道渴望、希望、用梦想滋养灵魂的感觉。他永远不会体会到让一个爱他的人给他一些他一直想要却从未拥有的东西的经历。）可知，如果一个人拥有了一切，那么他就失去了生活的追求和激情。故选D项。【73题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语后面的内容“who has been brave enough to let go his
126、unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so.”（他勇敢地放弃了他的不切实际的梦想，并没有因为这样做而感到失败。）可知，一个完整的人会“接受”他的局限性。划线部分与accept意思相近，故选B项。【74题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciating it, we will have achie
127、ved a wholeness that others can only long for.”（ 当我们接受不完美是人类的一部分，我们能够继续在生活中滚动向前并欣赏它时，我们将获得别人渴望的完整。）可知，完整的人生就是一种能接受不完美并且带着这种心态继续生活的态度。故选A项。【点睛】(B)FIRE-FIGHTINGHow to fight a fireAnyone who uses fire-extinguishers should know a few basic facts about how to make them work. This leaflet will tell you th
128、e most important things to remember if you have to put a fire out.Water extinguishersYou can put most fires out with water extinguishers. However, you should not use water extinguishers if the fire involves electrical equipment or if it has been started by flammable (易燃的) liquids such as petrol.As i
129、n all fires, make sure that the wind is behind you if you do this, the smoke will blow away from you. Point the jet of water at the bottom of the fire and move it slowly higher.Remember that you should only use extinguishers for small fires. If there is any danger of the fire spreading to anything t
130、hat can explode, you should not try to put the fire out yourself. Instead, leave the building immediately, and call the fire brigade.Foam (泡沫) extinguishersYou can use a foam extinguisher for fire caused by burning liquids such as petrol. Never point the jet directly into the liquid itself, as this
131、may make it splash and spread the fire. Instead, try and point the extinguisher up into the air so that the foam goes up and falls on top of the burning liquid. Whatever the kind of fire, do not stand up straight if you can stay down, this will help you to avoid the smoke, and you may be able to get
132、 closer to the fire. Get out of the building at once if you think your escape route might be cut off by smoke or fire. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers Some fire extinguishers are filled with a gas called carbon dioxide. You can use these to put out fires which have been caused either by electrica
133、l equipment or flammable liquids. If the fire has been caused by electrical equipment, switch the equipment off and point the extinguisher straight at the fire. If the fire has been caused by a liquid like petrol, point the extinguisher at the nearest edge of the fire, and move it from side to side.
134、 Remember, never stay in a building if it is dangerous to do so, or if the fire grows beyond your control. Make sure you are standing near an exit in case this happens.75. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. You cannot put all fires out with water extinguishers.
135、B. In case of fire, stay down to protect yourself from the smoke.C. If the fire might cause any further explosion, ask for professional help.D. Foam extinguishers are for fires caused by electrical equipment.76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Inappropriate use of fire extinguishers might m
136、ake things worse.B. You should stay in the building if your escape route is cut off.C. Standing close to an exit will absolutely guarantee your safety in a fire.D. Firefighting is a complicated job that can only be done by fire brigades.77. Who is the potential target reader of this passage?A. Fire
137、fighters.B. The general public.C. College professors.D. Young children.【答案】75. D 76. A 77. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了如何正确使用不同的灭火器和使用时的注意事项。【75题详解】细节理解题。根据文中“You can put most fires out with water extinguishers.”（你用水灭火器可以扑灭大部分的火）可知，水灭火器只能扑灭大部分的火，所以A项You cannot put all fires out with water extinguishers.你不能用
138、水灭火器扑灭所有的火，与原文意思相符，所以A项正确；根据文中“Whatever the kind of fire, do not stand up straight if you can stay down, this will help you to avoid the smoke”（不论什么样的火，不要一直站着-如果你能趴下，这样可以帮你避免烟）可知，趴下是可以有效避免烟的伤害的，所以B项In case of fire, stay down to protect yourself from the smoke.如果有火，趴下可以让你免受烟的伤害，与文中意思相符，所以B项正确；根据文中“If
139、 there is any danger of the fire spreading to anything that can explode, you should not try to put the fire out yourself. Instead, leave the building immediately, and call the fire brigade.”（当所处火灾有进一步的扩散到可能引起爆炸的任何东西时，你不应该独自灭火，而是应该立即离开那个建筑物并且给消防队打电话。）可知，火灾有进一步危险的时候，应该先自保离开火灾现场，并打电话报火警，所以C项，If the fir
140、e might cause any further explosion, ask for professional help.如果火可能会引起进一步的爆炸，向专业人求助，与原文意思相符，所以C项正确；根据文中“You can use a foam extinguisher for fire caused by burning liquids such as petrol.”（当出现像汽油等液体引起的火灾时可以用泡沫灭火器来灭火）可知，泡沫灭火器是针对液体引起的火灾的，而D项，Foam extinguishers are for fires caused by electrical equipm
141、ent.泡沫灭火器用来扑灭由电器引起的火灾，与原文意思不符，所以D项错误，综上所述，只有D项不正确，故选D项。【76题详解】推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍不同的灭火器灭火，但不同灭火器的使用方法会因为不同类型的火灾也有所不同，所以在灭火时一定要正确使用灭火器，那么言外之意就是，如果没有正确使用灭火器也可能会使火灾更加恶化，所以A项，Inappropriate use of fire extinguishers might make things worse.不正确的使用灭火器可能会使事情恶化，是正确的；根据文中“Get out of the building at once if yo
142、u think your escape route might be cut off by smoke or fire. ”（如果逃跑路线被火或者烟切断，你应该立刻离开楼里），可知B项，You should stay in the building if your escape route is cut off. 如果逃跑路线被切断，你应该待在楼里，与原文不符，所以B项错误；C项Standing close to an exit will absolutely guarantee your safety in a fire.在火灾中，站在靠近出口的地方可以绝对保证你的安全，说法太绝对，所以C项
143、错误；D项Firefighting is a complicated job that can only be done by fire brigades.灭火是一项非常复杂的工作，所以只能由消防队来做这个工作。从文中介绍不同的灭火器使用方法可以知道，灭火并没有很复杂，只是需要我们掌握灭火器正确使用方法，除非火灾非常危险而且有爆炸的可能，才需要求助消防队，所以D项错误 ，综上所述，只有A项正确，是我们可以从文中推理出来的，故选A项。【77题详解】推理判断题。从文中可以知道文章在介绍灭火器的使用方法和注意事项，操作简单明了，而且文中多次提出只有特殊情况下才需要我们向消防队的专业人士寻求帮助，所以
144、我们可以看出这篇文章的潜在读者应该是大众读者，即一般公众，B项正确，故选B项。(C)The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.What is new, however, is the speed
145、 at which they are dying out. Europes colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th cent
146、ury.The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority la
147、nguages.This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Mon
148、olingualism became an ideal.More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists in the mode
149、rn world. It is out of the game.The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the orig
150、ins of human language or resolve the mystery of the first language. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without a
151、ny links to a peoples culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent ma
152、tter.78. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?A. Colonial conquests of EuropeB. The boom of human populationC. Advances in science and industrializationD. The rise of nation-states79. The underlined word “stifles” in the last paragraph probably means .A. boostsB. fuel
153、sC. imposesD. kills80. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that .A. People would fail to understand how languages originatedB. Language diversity would become an obstacle to globalizationC. Monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalismD. Human brains would be
154、come less creative linguistically81. What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.C. To call peoples attention to the urgency of language preservation.D. To argue how important it
155、is for people to speak more languages.【答案】78. B 79. D 80. B 81. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了语言加速消亡这一现象并分析了原因。【78题详解】B细节理解题。根据第二段“Europes colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity”（欧洲的殖民征服导致了语言多样性的急剧下降）；第三段“The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating n
156、ational languages and sidelining others.”（民族国家的崛起在选择和巩固民族语言和排挤其他语言方面也起到了决定性的作用）以及第四段“This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diver
157、sity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge.”（工业化和科学进步推动了语言标准化的进程，并带来了迅速、直接和实用的新的交流方法。语言多样性被视为贸易和知识传播的障碍）可知，A，C，D均为语言消亡的原因，而没有提到人口的激增导致语言消亡，故选B。【79题详解】D词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Imposing a language without any links to a peoples culture and way of life”可知，将一门语言强加给别人，却没有那个民族的文化和生活联系，
158、此处说的是这样做会产生的不良结果这种做法实际上是在扼杀语言这一集体智慧的表达。由文意也可推测出stifles应为贬义词，意思是“”扼杀、毁灭”，故选D。【80题详解】B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Europes colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Aust
159、ralia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.”（欧洲的殖民征服导致了语言多样性的急剧下降，使当时所说的所有语言中至少有15%被消灭。在过去的300年里，欧洲已经失去了一打，而澳大利亚在18世纪末所说的250种语言中只剩下20种。）可得出A，D是正确的，根据最后一段“Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lea
160、d to the loss of the second. ”（多种语言是多元文化的最准确反映。第一个的破坏必然导致第二个的损失）可得出C是正确的，以上三项都是语言消亡会带来的消极影响，而B项（语言多样性将成为全球化的障碍）与文章观点相悖，故选B。【81题详解】C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了语言加速消亡这一现象并分析了原因，因此作者写这篇文章是为了让人么意识到语言消亡的严重性并呼吁人们重视语言的保护。故选C。Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prop
161、er sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Your Next Nurse Could Be a RobotDr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. _82_ Over time t
162、his should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of precise movements. The goal is not to remove human skill from the operating room, but to complement it with a robots particular skills and benef
163、its. “As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they wont steal job opportunities. _83_” De Momi explains. To conduct their experiment De Momis team photographed a human being conducting numerous reaching motions, in a way
164、similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera captures were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had initially performed. Although
165、 there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar._84_ These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired,” which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. A
166、bout 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.These results are promising, although further research is necessary to confirm or refine De Momis conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robo
167、ts can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms. _85_ De Momis work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics, which has the potential to change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.A. This future may not be as far away as we think.B. Robots
168、 cant successfully imitate doctors motions in the operating room.C. Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions.D. The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital will still be a robot instead of human beings.E. They will just allow us to decrease workload and
169、achieve better performances in several tasks.F. His work indicates that humans and robots can effectively cooperate during high-risk events such as surgeries.【答案】82. F 83. E 84. C 85. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文中讲述意大利医生培训了机器人去模仿人类的动作，这将会提高在手术室里医生和机器人合作的效率。【82题详解】上句“Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (
170、Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions.”提到意大利 医生De Momi带领国际团队，培训机器人去模仿人类的动作，承接上文，F选项“他的工作表明人类和机器人能有效地在像手术这样高风险的事情中合作”切题。该选项中his work 与上句该医生的做法是一致的 。故选F。【83题详解】上句“As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitel
171、y change the work market, but they wont steal job opportunities. ”提到作为机器人专家，我相信机器人工作人员将一定能改变工作市场，但是他们不会偷走工作机会，承接上文，E项“他们只是允许我们降低工作负担，及在任务中表现的更好”切题，本句呼应上文中，“机器人并不能完全代替人类，只是帮助人类做的更好”。故选E。【84题详解】下句“These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired”中提到这些观察者们讲
172、决定是否这些机器人的动作是受生理上的刺激。承接下文，C选项“最后，当机器人的胳膊做动作的时候，有几个人在观察”切题，本句中observed与下句中observers相呼应。故选C。【85题详解】根据本段开头句“These results are promising,”这些研究结果是有前途的”，呼应本主题句，A选项“未来不会太远”切题，并且呼应本段最后一句提到的“sooner rather than later ”。故选A。【点睛】IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using th
173、e words given in the brackets.86. 只有那些梦想远大且脚踏实地的人，才有可能克服实现目标的各种障碍、收获成功的喜悦。(likely adj.) (汉译英）【答案】Only those who dream big and stay practical are likely to overcome various obstacles to their goals and harvest the joy of success.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语、时态和定语从句。固定短语：be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”；overcome various
174、 obstacles克服各种各样的障碍；harvest the joy of success收获成功的喜悦；定语从句：who dream big and stay practical来修饰those people。陈述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，故可以翻译为：Only those who dream big and stay practical are likely to overcome various obstacles to their goals and harvest the joy of success.87. 他第一次在罗马旅行时，并没有过多关注那些矗立在广场中央的雕塑背后的文艺
175、复兴思想。(The first time) (汉译英）【答案】The first time he travelled in Rome, he did not pay much attention / paid little attention to the Renaissance ideas behind the sculptures standing / which stood in the centre / middle of the square.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语，时态，非谓语或定语从句和状语从句。短语：pay attention to 关注，the Renaissa
176、nce ideas 文艺复兴思想，in the centre / middle of the square 在广场中央；分析句意，从句应为时间状语从句，the first time 连词短语，引导时间状语从句；“矗立在广场中央”为“雕塑”的后置定语，与“雕塑”是主动关系，用现在分词做定语，或者用定语从句；再根据句意，本句应该用一般过去时态。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：The first time he travelled in Rome, he did not pay much attention / paid little attention to the Renaissance idea
177、s behind the sculptures standing / which stood in the centre / middle of the square.【点睛】88. 毫无疑问，只要你不遗余力地扩大词汇量，到了期末，你将在英语学科上取得很大的进步。(doubt) (汉译英）【答案】There is no doubt that as long as you spare no effort(s) to enlarge / expand your vocabulary, you will have made great progress in English / the Englis
178、h subject by the end of the term.【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句、短语、状语从句和时态。固定句式也是同位语从句：There is no doubt that .“毫无疑问的是.”,固定短语spare no effort(s) “不遗余力”，短语：enlarge / expand your vocabulary“扩大词汇量”，make great progress“取得巨大的进步”，as long as 引导条件状语从句，主句将来时，丛集一般现在时。再根据其它汉语提示。故可以翻译为：There is no doubt that as long as you spa
179、re no effort(s) to enlarge/expand your vocabulary, you will have made great progress in English / the English subject by the end of the term.89. 正是因为全国各地采取了有效行动，这场疫情才没有进一步影响人们的日常生活与国家的经济发展。(It) (汉译英）【答案】It was because effective action was taken across the country that the pandemic / epidemic / outbr
180、eak did not further affect (the) peoples daily life and the countrys economic development【解析】【分析】本题考查汉译英翻译能力。【详解】考查“it”强调句、动词、短语和名词。表示“正是”应用强调句式“it was+被强调部分+that+其他”；表示“采取行动”应用动词短语 take effective action；表示“全国各地”应用固定短语across the country；表示“正是因为全国各地采取了有效行动”可用被动句式结构“It was because effective action was
181、 taken across the country that”；表示“疫情”应用名词the pandemic/epidemic/outbreak；表示“进一步”应用副词further，作动词“affect”的状语；表示“影响”应用动词affect；表示“人们的日常生活与国家的经济发展”短语为(the) peoples daily life and the countrys economic development，作动词affect的宾语。故翻译为It was because effective action was taken across the country that the pand
182、emic/epidemic/outbreak did not further affect (the) peoples daily life and the countrys economic development.90. 这几天我们学校正接待一个来自巴黎的文化交流团，该团由二十人组成，从高中生到六十几岁的退休教师都有。(consist, range) (汉译英）【答案】These days our school is receiving a cultural exchange group from Paris, which consists of 20 people, ranging fr
183、om high school students to retired teachers in their 60s / sixties.【解析】【详解】考查现在进行时和定语从句。根据所给汉语提示，该句可用到核心词汇和常用表达有：1.“接待”可译为receive，2.“来自巴黎的文化交流团”可译为a cultural exchange group from Paris，3.“由.组成”可译为consist of，4.“（范围）从.到.”可译为range fromto ，5.“六十几岁的退休教师”可译为retired teachers in their 60s / sixties；根据时间状语和语境
184、可知，前半句“这几天我们学校正接待一个来自巴黎的文化交流团”可用现在进行时态，并将其作主句，可译为：These days our school is receiving a cultural exchange group from Paris；分析后半句的句子结构，“该团由二十人组成，从高中生到六十几岁的退休教师都有。”可作为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a cultural exchange group from Paris，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故用which引导，描述一个客观的事实，定语从句用一般现在时，关系词替代先行词，是单数，定语从句的谓语动词用
185、单数；range from. to .作后置定语修饰“二十人（20 people）”，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词形式ranging，故该句可译为which consists of 20 people, ranging from high school students to retired teachers in their 60s / sixties.，故该句可译为：These days our school is receiving a cultural exchange group from Paris, which consists of 20 people, ranging from high school students to retired teachers in their 60s / sixties.