1、高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！2011 年高考英语短文改错题技巧点拨及强化训练试题 短文改错旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力，来主要考查学生们在词法、句法、惯用法和行文逻辑等方面在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所分析，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。我从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。短文改错口诀：句子成分多分析，动词形
2、态，名词数，认清是形还是副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法短语要牢记住；逻辑错误须关注。一 句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：1 They curious about everything in the world and-were 2 I live in Beijing,where is the capital of China.which 第一例漏掉了谓语动词 were，这是汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是对定语从句的关系代词与关系副词它在句子中的成分不懂，where 是副
3、词，不能作主语。二 动词形态：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school football team.is Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.are 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。三 名词数 指名词单、复数形式及可数名词和不可数名词的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：s
4、o that Ill get good marks in all my subject.subjects 四认清是形还副词：区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.wonderful Unfortunate,there are too many people in my family.Unfortunately 需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！形容词、副词或整个
5、句子。第一例中的 wonderful 作定语修饰 time，第二句的Unfortunately 作状语修饰整个句子。五 非谓动词细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：1 in my spare time,but now I am interesting in football.interested 2 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playing 3 My parents love me and will do all they c
6、an make sure to 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。六 习惯用法、短语要牢记：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and of We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.of 七 逻辑错
7、误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their First,let me tell you something more about myself.去掉 more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.everyone 上述第一例中的主语是 Smith
8、s（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的 his 不合逻辑。第二例中的 more 在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用 everyone。八 除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词 but,and,or，hhowever,otherwise,that,what 和 so 等的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me.and It looks as if my parent
9、s treat me as a visitor and a guest.or We may be one family and live under a same roof.the 下面是全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,its famous 76._ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animal
10、s.The weather 77._ Was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._ the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._ climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80._ and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._ 高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！since the scen
11、ery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._ Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._ of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._ good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._ head touched the pillow.答案与简析：76.famous 前加上 a。（名词数）。77.正确 78.
12、we 前面加 when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析）79.themus（逻辑错误须关注）80.visitingvisited（非谓动词细辨别）81.picturepictures（名词数）82.passespassed（动词形）83.去掉 down（习惯用法要记住）84.andbut（but,and,or 和 so）85.去掉 at（句子成分多分析/习惯用法要记住）。下面再次让我们熟悉一下短文改错的设错规律：错误类型包括缺词、多词和错词。其中 1行正确，9 行需要改正。正确 1 1 1 1 多一词 2 1 2 1 缺一词 2 2 1 1 错一词 5 6 6 7 难度系数 0.44
13、0.42 0.47 0.46 短文改错常见错误类型 1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and 前后动词时态不一致;主谓不一致;缺少动词,特别是 be 动词;第三人称单数形式错用;主动语态和被动语态错用。1）They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为 do 错误类型属于）2）As we climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting templ
14、es and told stories.(visiting 改为 visited 错误类型属于)3）There will an important game next month.(will 后加 be 错误类型属于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.(主谓不一致)2.名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为 subj
15、ects）Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为 words）Without enough knowledges,you can never teach well.（knowledges 改为knowledge）高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！3.连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词 and/or/but 等（一般考查从句关系 who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether）I have a good friend whos nam
16、e is Liu Mei.(错用了 who 的所有格形式改为 whose)I teach them,play with them,but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but 改为 and)Clever as she is,but she works very hard.When I was a child,rain was a mystery.In one class,I learned it rained.4.冠词错误 误用 a 和 an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用 a 和 the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方）多余的冠词或则少冠词。We m
17、ay be one family and live under a same roof.(a 改为 the the same 是固定搭配)As everyone knows,its famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain 是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a）My teacher advised me to keep my dairy.I hope you have pleasant journey.5.形容词和副词错误 1)系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell/feel）
18、2)词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（time 是名词 所以要用形容词 wonderful 修饰）My pronunciation was terribly.6.代词错误 1）代词的主格和宾格（I/me;He/him;She/her;We/us;They/them）2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代词的单数和复数 4）多余的代词和少代词 Soon I began to e
19、njoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(express oneself,me 改为 myself)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(加 it)If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study,the other would help him out.Whats more,you have to be friends with
20、your pupils and take good care of him.7.非谓语动词的常见错误 1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），3）介词后用动名词 ving 形式作宾语。4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was.(enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking)But his parents think go to college is more importan
21、t than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going)Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.8.介词错误 1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用 There are too many people
22、among my family.（among 改为 in in my family 为固定搭配）I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（去掉 at）短文改错解题思路和检查原则 1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2）谓语动词的时态、语态；3）非谓语动词的用法；4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错
23、解题四原则 1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则 4）以保持句子原意为原则 短文改错解题步骤 1）通读全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲 3）反复通读，复查验证 解题注意要点和能力培养 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1126”等题型比例。正确 1 个，多一词 1 个，缺词 2 个，错词 6 个。核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。原文中每行改动只能改一词，答案也只能是一词。核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题 如有
24、两行都难以找到错误时，与其乱改一行，不如都打“”以确保一行正确。高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！从作文入手，提高自身语言运用素质 合作学习，帮批帮改，提高识错、纠错能力 精炼短文改错，抓好写、比、改三步 例题分析 Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who work 1._ in the same office so they walked together to and from 2._ office.Some day as they were walking home together it 3._ sudden starte
25、d to rain.Tom quickly opened his umbrella 4._ and said,My wife surely has foresight(预见).She said 5._ on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 6._ umbrella with me.Dick smiled and walked to him,said,7._ My wife has even great foresight.She told me not to 8._ carry an umbrella and as she
26、knew you would certainly 9._ have with you.10._ 首先 通读全文，掌握大意 此文讲述的是邻居 Tom 和 Dick 的故事。1.整句分析，逐行推敲 第二遍阅读后 容易改出的题有 1.2.4.6.10 然后先看前 6 项 第 3 项 翻译整句为：有一天当他们一起走路回家时天突然开始下雨了。Some day 不能表示有一天，属于固定搭配中修饰词有误。第 5 项，由于对 foresight 的意思和用法不清楚，不能轻易改动。暂放一边。现在看 710 项。第 7 项 翻译意思：Dick 笑了笑并且走向他（Tom），说到.，翻译后很容易可以看出 said 前
27、有一个逗号，and 连接的动词只有 smiled 和 walked。说明此处有错。第 8 题，又出现了 foresight。现在来比较第 5 项和第 8 项的两个句子。1）My wife surely has foresight(预见)我的妻子肯定地作出了预见 （Toms wife）2）My wife has even great foresight。我的妻子作出了更大的预见 (Dicks wife)比较两句后 可以判断这里的 foresight 不是一个动词而是一个不可数名词。可以判定great 有错。并可以反推第 5 项应该没有错误。(Dick 的妻子说的话明显有比较的含义并且这样才能突出
28、文章的幽默感)第 9 项理清句子结构后，可以看出有一词是多余的。总结错误考查点有 1.名词单复数 2.时态 3.固定搭配 4。词性 5.多余的介词和连接词 6.非谓语 7.形容词的比较级 8.少了代词。题型比例 1 个正确，缺词 1 个，多词 2 个，错词 6 个(一)Most families in China hoped their single children will 76_ have a happy future,so they are very strict in their children.77_ So do teachers in schools!Many children
29、 are given so much 78_ homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports.79_ The children are forbidden to do anything but to study.No 80_ 高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！wonder so many children are tired of lessons.Some even 81_ attack or kill his parents and teachers!I believe many people 82
30、_ already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines.83_ Shouldnt we draw lesson from the accidents?Now our 84_ government is making out a plan to solve the education problems.85_ （二）Nowadays,almost every family has TV set,and almost 76_ everyone likes watching TV.TV has become part of our li
31、ves.77_ TV has many advantages,for example,it informs us the 78_ latest news which is happening in the world;it can open our 79_ eyes,enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more 80_ about the world But,it also has some disadvantages.People 81_ waste too much time in watching TV and his normal
32、 life 82_ and work are affected To the children who they spend too 83_ much time in watching TV,it can do harmful to their sight 84_ and healthy.So we should control the time of watching TV.85_ （三）A few months after returning the US from Germany,I took 76._ part in a college course in French.Since I
33、 have learned 77._ to say German well in Germany,I thought it might be 78._ interested to begin studying another language.At the 79._ first class,the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation 80._ exercise in it he would say a word or two in French,and 81._ each student would do their best to copy.When
34、 he got to 82._ me,he kept having me to say more words,and I 83._ finally asked him why.I find it great fun,she explained 84._ it.In 25 years of teaching at school,its the first time 85._ Ive heard an American speak French with a German accent.（四）The Huaihe River has been serious polluted.Day and ni
35、ght 76._ millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from 77._ hundreds of factories.The waste water is harmful.At present 78._ there is no fish in it.The river water cannot be drunk.People in 79._ either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water.The Huaihe 80._ River is such dirt
36、y and poisonous that people dont dare swim 81._ in it.Something must be done to stopping the pollution.The 82._ government and the people near the river must try to clear water 83._ as soon as possible.Now special attention has paid to the 84._ pollution by the government and more scientists.The pol
37、lution 85._ will be prevented in the near future.（五）高考资源网（）您身边的高考专家高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！Dear Abby,How are you?Today Ive got a wonderful news to tell you.76._ I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77._ further education.One hundred and twenty students took exam 78._ for it,but on
38、ly a few was chosen and I was one of them.However,79._ my parents are not happy about it.They are strong against me 80._ going there.They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81._ for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely.They 82._ cant imagine a girl so young live alone
39、.They advise me to study 83._ in the capital instead.Then Ill be able to continue living with 84._ them.How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?85._ Best wishes,Jane (一)76.hopedhope 77.inwith 78.doare 79.have 前加 to 80.去掉第二个to 81.82.his their 83.already 前加 have 84.lesson 前加 a 85.ma
40、kingcarrying（二）76.has 后加 a 77.liveslife 78.us 后加 of 79.whichthat 80.81.ButHowever 82.histheir 83.去掉 they 84.harmfulharm 85.healthyhealth（三）76.returning后加to 77.havehad 78.sayspeak 79.interestedinteresting 80.81.itwhich 82.theirhis 83.去掉 to 84.shehe 85.去掉 it （四）76.seriousseriously 77.tointo 78.79.inon 80.takeget 81.suchso 82.stoppingstop 83.water 前加 the 84.paid 前加 been 85.去掉 more（五）76.去掉 a 77.have 后加 been 78.examexams 79.waswere 80.strongstrongly 81.tooso 82.去掉 of 83.liveliving 84.85.fact 后加 that