1、专项语法突破(二)动词与动词短语考纲解读考点考纲解读词义辨析掌握动词的意义和用法，并能在真实的语境中对同义词和近义词进行辨析短语辨析掌握动词短语和短语动词的意义和用法，能对常用动词与介词或副词构成的短语进行辨析规律分析2013年高考对动词和动词短语的考查共有21道题。其考查主要从词义入手，考查动词和动词短语的词义、动词与介词或者副词构成的固定搭配。题干简洁，意义清晰，提供了足够的信息和语境。知识归纳方法点拨一、考点知识归纳考点一动词辨析1remain与stay(1)remain着重指在别人已离去，或其他人或物都有变化以后，其主语“仍继续停留”或“保持原来的状态”，它可以表示一种对比的含义，st
2、ay无法表示这种对比。(2)表示“暂住(某处)”或“客居(某地)”时，只能用stay。(3)用作连系动词表示“保持某一状态”时，可通用。The small village has now become a city, but the old pagoda still remains.小村庄现在已变成城市了，但古塔还在。We stayed in a very good hotel.我们下榻在一家很好的旅馆。The door remained (stayed) open.门开着。2demand, request, require与ask(1)demand表示“要求，需要”时，语气较强，有强烈要求的
3、含义，表示行为者认为自己有权这样做。(2)require表示依据权利、条例、规章而“要求”，常有命令语气，常用于被动语态，语气比demand缓和。(3)request表示客气有礼貌的正式请求、要求。(4)ask也可表示“要求”，指的是要求某人做某事或向某人要求什么东西。She demands that she (should) be told everything.她要求把一切都告诉她。You are required by law to send your children to school.法律要求你送孩子上学。They requested a loan.他们请求贷款。He will a
4、sk his father for more money.他会请求父亲多给一些钱。3rise, lift, arise与raise(1)rise表示“升起，提升”，但它是不及物动词，其后不能直接接宾语；还可指“日月星辰”的升起。(2)lift侧重指从低处向高处的“抬起，举起”。(3)arise表示问题等的“出现”，其主语多为抽象名词，是不及物动词；它还有“起身”的意思。(4)raise表示“抬起，举起，提高”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语；另外，它还有“饲养”之意。The river is rising from the rain.雨后河水不断上涨。I cant lift this bag. I
5、ts too heavy.我抬不起这个袋子，它太重了。The peoples living standards have been greatly raised.人们的生活水平有了很大提高。4affect, effect与influence(1)affect是及物动词，表示“影响；(病)侵袭”，暗示产生的影响如此强烈，以至于能引起反应；也可以表示“使感动”，指人，表示思想感情受外界事物的影响而“感动”。(2)effect表示“影响”时，是名词，不能误用为动词。用作动词时表示“招致，促成，产生”。(3)influence指通过间接的、不易觉察的方式对人的思想行为产生潜移默化的影响。The ris
6、e in the price has affected all of them.物价的上涨影响了他们所有的人。The change was effected quickly.这种变化很快就出现了。5adapt与adjust(1)adapt“适合，适应”，指修改或改变以适应新条件。(2)adjust指“调整，调节”，使之适应。He adapted himself to the cold weather.他适应了寒冷的气候。You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.你把望远镜调节到适合你的角度之后，你才
7、看得见。6injure, hurt, harm与wound(1)injure着重指偶然事故对人的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的损害，尤指在事故中受伤。(2)hurt为“伤害”的一般用词，可指肉体上或精神上的伤害，在许多情况下可与injure通用，但含有较强烈的“疼痛”意味。hurt除作及物动词还可作不及物动词，表示“疼痛，难受”。(3)harm指对自己或他人、他物造成痛苦，引起疼痛或不再完整、美丽等。(4)wound指由暴力给身体外部造成严重的“创伤”，如刀伤、枪伤，尤指战争中受伤。He injured his leg when playing football.他踢球时伤了腿。I didnt m
8、ean to hurt you.我本无意伤害你。Failure to pay his bill has harmed his credit.无法付账已给他的信用带来了损害。The soldier was wounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受了伤。考点二动词短语辨析1Bring2Break3Call4carry5. come6cut7die8get9give10go11hold12keep13look14make15pick16put17set18take19turn20walk二、方法技巧总结方法一：加大词汇积累，正确理解词义有些动词词义丰富，用法灵活，特别是一些常用词如：g
9、et, make, have, take, run, operate, cover, strike, hit, come, go, change, turn, work, set, put等，在平时学习过程中，要特别注意这些词的意义和用法。典题改编 (2012四川改编)Its surprising that your brother _ Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.剖析：picked uppick up在此句中意为“无意中获得或学到”。句意：你哥哥学俄语如此之快让人感到惊讶他住在那儿也没有多长时间。(2012江苏改编)OK,
10、 Ive had enough of it.I give up.You cant run away_ your responsibilities.剖析：fromran away from意为“从逃离，回避”。后半句句意：你不能逃脱你自己的责任。方法二：分类整理词组，构建知识网络动词词组辨析是高考的重点之一，在平时的备考中要注意对动词词组进行分类整理，特别要牢记come, go, get, break, call, make, turn, give等构成的动词词组，并学会在特殊语境中灵活运用。典题改编(2012江西改编)Ive got _ the habit of calling in on m
11、y grandparents on my way home from school.剖析：into句意：我已经养成了在放学回家的路上去看望爷爷奶奶的习惯。get into the habit of是固定搭配，意为“养成的习惯”。(2012湖北改编)Im so glad youve come here to see _ this matter in person.剖析：to句意；我很高兴你来到这里亲自处理这个事件。see to“处理；料理”。方法三：准确判断语境找出合理依据在读题时要仔细研究题干，明确上下文的意思，找出准确的信息词，结合语境，作出最佳选择。典题示例Mary, I _ John o
12、f his promise to help you.(remind)剖析：reminded考查动词辨析。remind sb.of sth.“提醒某人某事”。真题改编，语法填空1(2013全国改编)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.答案：help本题考查动词辨析。句意：既然咳嗽会引起肺病，那么能不咳嗽就尽量不要多咳嗽。“help” here means “control it or stop it happening”. 如Dont tell him more than y
13、ou can help.能不告诉他的，就别告诉他。 Dont change it any more than you can help. 除非万不得已，否则就不要再改变什么了。2(2013新课标全国改编)The watch was very good, and he _ (pay) 20 percent down for it.答案：paid本题考查动词辨析。句意：这个手表很好，但他8折买的。sb. pay money for sth.“某人花钱买”。3(2013湖北改编)While intelligent people can often _(simple) the complex, a f
14、ool is more likely to complicate the simple.答案：simplify根据while可知前后句是转折关系。句意：聪明的人可以简化复杂的事情，愚蠢的人使简单的事情复杂化。simplify“简化”。4(2013湖北改编)According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.(register)答案：register根据句意，所有的外国人在来之后的两周内必须到当地的公安机关注册。register“注册，报到”。5(2013
15、江西改编)She _ the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.(match)答案：matched考查动词词义辨析。句意：她用颜色很好的窗帘与地毯相搭配。match“使相配，使相称”，符合题意。6(2013天津改编)If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to _ a hand.答案：lend本题考查动词的语境运用。句意：如果你有困难，迈克很乐意帮一把。lend a hand“帮助”，符合题意。7(2013福建改编)Michelle found a job as a high scho
16、ol teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.(involve)答案：involves本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：“米切尔找到了一份担任中学教师的工作，那要和学生一起度过许多时间。”involves“牵涉；与有关”，符合句意。8(2013浙江改编)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it _ important points.答案：with本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：当小组讨论接近尾声的时候，确保要以重点结束。conc
17、lude“结论，结束”，conclude.with.“用结束”。根据题干的意思可以得出正确答案。9(2013浙江改编)A good listener takes part in the conversation, _ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.(offer)答案：offering本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个好的倾听者参与谈话，提出想法和问题以使谈话顺利进行。offer“提出，提供”。由题干意思可知正确答案。10(2013江苏改编)The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
18、Me too. The character of the town is well _.(preserve)答案：preserved考查动词的语境运用。这个小镇如此漂亮，我喜欢。我也是。小镇的特色被很好地保持了。用preserve“保持，维持，保护”的过去分词，符合题意。11(2013新课标全国改编)At the last moment, Tom decided to put _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.答案：in本题考查短语动词的用法。句意：在最后时刻，汤姆决定加上一个新的人物，使故事看起来更有可能。put in“
19、(使)在内；在上花费；选举执政”。12(2013全国改编)Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?答案：come along本题考查短语动词的用法。今晚你和我们一起去看电影好吗？come along“一起向前走”；根据句意得出答案。13(2013湖北改编)Butterflies feed _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.答案：on句意：蝴蝶靠吸食花产生的甜蜜的液体为生，蜜蜂和其他的昆虫也会采集。feed on“以为食”。1
20、4(2013湖北改编)In much of the animal world, night is the time to set_ for sleeppure and simple.答案：aside根据句意：在动物界，夜晚就是留出来睡觉的单纯、简单。set aside“留出来”。15(2013陕西改编)My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut_.答案：down本题考查动词短语语境运用。句意：我叔叔没能戒烟，但至少他减少了用量。cut down意为“削减，减少；砍倒”，符合题意。16(2013安徽改编)Tr
21、aditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they _ on their life journey.答案：set off本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅程前举办一个毕业典礼来激励他们自己。set off“出发，开始”。根据句子意思可知set off正确。17(2013江西改编)Mother always complains that children wear_ their shoes very quickly.答案：out考查动词短
22、语辨析。句意：妈妈总是抱怨孩子鞋穿破得太快。wear out“用坏；穿破；(使)筋疲力尽；耗尽”。18(2013天津改编)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to get _.答案：away本题考查动词短语语境运用。题意：我本希望今年度假，但我不能离开。get away“离开，抽身，脱身”，符合题意。19(2013福建改编)Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_in disasters.答案：down本题考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当无线网络在
23、灾难中出故障时，老式手机就很关键了。break down“坏了；出故障”，符合句意。20(2013辽宁改编)Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires.答案：take over考查动词短语的用法。句意：Mitchell退休后，Briggs将会接管当总经理。take over“接管”。故为正确答案。21(2013江苏改编)Team leaders must ensure that all members get_ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated
24、with making mistakes.答案：over考查动词短语在语境中的运用。句意：团队领导人必须确保所有的成员克服他们的自然欲望来避免犯错误引起的尴尬。get over“克服”，符合题意。22(2013辽宁大连高三双基测试改编)Im writing a letter, expecting your newspaper to _ the public to pay more attention to environmental protection.答案：appeal to句意：我正在写一封信，希望你们的报纸能够呼吁公众更加关注环境保护。appeal to “呼吁，恳请”。23(2013
25、东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟改编)If we keep_ this speed, we will finish the task ahead of time.答案：up句意：如果我们继续保持这样的速度，我们会提前完成任务。keep up“继续保持，维持”，符合句意。24(2013辽宁六校高三联考改编)I hear that the famous singer star Jackson will sing at Beijing Peoples Art Theatre.Really? Where did you _？(pick up)答案：pick it uppick up“获得”，此处表示获得消息，因此用pick it up。25(2013山西高三第三次四校联考改编)No matter how much money you possess, it cant _ a healthy body.答案：much句意：无论你有多少钱，它都比不上一个健康的身体。match“与相匹敌，和不相上下”，符合句意。