1、Section 单元要点复习.重点单词1former adj.以前的；(两者中)前者的2preserve vt.保存；保护；维持 n保护区preservable adj.可保存的preservation n保存preserver n保护者；保存者3promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级promote sb.(from sth.) to sth. 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位promote sth. to .把某物推销给promoter n赞助人；发起者promotion n提升；推广；晋级；促进4app n应用程序；应用软件(application的缩略形式)application n
2、申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)make an application (to sb. for sth.) (向某人)申请(某物)apply vi. 申请；请求 vt. 应用；运用5balance n平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡keep/lose ones balance 保持/失去平衡out of balance 失去平衡be off balance 失去平衡keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡on balance 总的说来6likely adj.可能的 adv.可能地sb./sth. is likely to do sth.可能做某事It is likely
3、that.可能7limit n限度；限制 vt.限制；限定limited adj.有限的，限制的limitation n限制；控制；局限limit.to.把限定在范围之内within the limits of 限定在范围之内set a limit to.对规定限度within limits 在某种程度上；有一点限制8prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.制止(防止)某人(或某物)做某事(在现代英语中from常常可以省略，但在被动句中，from不能省略)stop sb./sth. from doing sth.(其中的from在主
4、动句中可以省略)keep sb./sth. from doing sth.(其中的from不可省略)9loss n丧失；损失at a loss 不知所措；困惑blood loss 失血weight loss 体重减少job loss 失业10contribution n捐款；贡献；捐赠make contributions to对做出贡献，相当于make a contribution tocontribute v捐助；捐献；贡献出；投稿contribute to有助于；促使；导致11within prep.&adv. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内within reach (close enou
5、gh to touch) 伸手可及within easy reach of (close to) 离很近within sight of sth. 能看到某物的近距离12conduct n行为；举止；管理方法 vt.组织；安排；带领conductor n售票员；(合唱队等的)指挥者conduct oneself well/badly(行为)表现好/差13donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)donate.to.把赠予donate blood to a blood bank向血库献血donation n捐赠；捐赠物，捐款give/make/present a donation
6、to捐赠send a donation to.把捐款寄往donator捐赠者14attempt n& vt.企图；试图；尝试attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事at the/ones first attempt第一次尝试make/in an attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事make/in an attempt at(doing) sth.尝试/试图做某事15worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的“值得做某事”的句型差别：It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.sth. is16entrance n入口；进入entran
7、ce to sth.进入的入口(门口)17process n过程；进程；步骤 vt.处理；加工18forgive vt.&vi.原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅forgive sb.(for) sth.原谅某人某事forgive doing sth.原谅做某事19throughout prep.各处；遍及；自始至终20quality n质量；品质；素质；特征 adj.优质的；高质量的of21tradition n传统；传统的信仰或风俗by tradition (according to tradition) 根据传统(习俗)follow a tradition 遵循传统break with t
8、radition 打破传统carry on the tradition 继承传统It is the tradition (for sb.) to do sth. 按照传统(某人)应该做某事22opinion n意见；想法；看法ask the opinion of sb. 征求某人的意见have a high/low/good/bad opinion of.对评价高/低/好/差in ones opinion (in the opinion of sb.) 就某人看来23comparison n比较；相比in comparison with与相比compare vt.比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n比较
9、compare.with/to.把和相比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with.和相比(通常作状语)compare notes with sb.与某人交换意见或看法beyond/without compare无与伦比，举世无双.重点短语1take part in参与(某事)；参加(某活动)2give way to让步；屈服give away暴露(自己的情况)；泄露(秘密)；赠送；捐赠；颁发give back归还；使恢复 give in (to)屈服；让步；上交give off发出(光、热、气味等)；散发 give out分发；用完；耗尽；发出 give up放弃；认输3
10、lead to导致lead sb. to/into sp.把某人带到；领到某地lead sb.to引导某人lead a/an.life过的生活lead sb. to do sth.引导某人做某事lead the way引路，带路result in导致result from由导致4turn to向求助turn against反对turn away回绝turn up调大；出现 turn off关掉turn back往回走 turn down关小；调低；拒绝turn in上交 turn on接通；打开5day and night日日夜夜地；整日整夜all day(long)一整天day after
11、day(强调重复)日复一日地；天天day by day(强调变化)一天天地；逐日地one day(过去或将来的)某一天some day(将来)总有一天the other day前几天6all over the world在世界各地after all毕竟，终究，归根结底above all 首先；最重要的是；特别是；尤其first of all “首先，第一”，强调顺序at all 根本，全然in all 总共，共计all in all 总之7work on研究；致力于；从事于work out解决；制订；耗尽；带来好结果work at致力于out of work失业.重点句型1By studyin
12、g old photos of the former palace，they have made the new one look exactly like the old one.通过研究旧宫殿的照片，他们使新宫殿看起来几乎和旧的一样。they have made the new one look exactly like the old one属于“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。在本句中，the new one是宾语，look exactly like the old one是宾语补足语。2There comes a time when the old must give way to t
13、he new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。There comes a time when.这个句子中包含了由when引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a time。it is not possible to.这个句子中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；as是连词引导时间状语从句。3In the 1950s，the Egyptian government w
14、anted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods，produce electricity，and supply water to more farmers in the area.20世纪50年代，埃及政府想要在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝，以控制洪水、发电，并为该地区更多的农民供水。句中in order to意为“为了”。4When the project ended in 1980，it was considered a great success.当这个项目在1980年结束时，它被认为是一个巨大的成功。这是
15、一个主从复合句，When the project ended in 1980是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是it was considered a great success。句中consider的意思是“认为”，consider表示“认为”时的用法：5Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work toge
16、ther to build a better tomorrow.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了许多国家合作创造更加美好未来的可能性。这是一个由not only.but also.所连接的复合句。其中that did not run over the relics of the past是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a path to the future，that是关系代词并在定语从句中作主语；that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow是t
17、hat引导的宾语从句，作动词learnt的宾语。6Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.也许联合国教科文组织就是最好的例子，该组织开展了一项防止世界各地世界文化遗产消失的项目。这是一个主从复合句。主句是Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO；后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是UNES
18、CO，which在定语从句中作主语，其中又包含了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a programme。7It is said that its a mirror that can tell right from wrong!据说这是一面明镜，可以分辨是非！这是一个主从复合句。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句；在that引导的从句中又使用了强调句结构。8Today，the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.如今，这些
19、洞穴和以前人们在丝绸之路旅行时一样国际化。这是一个主从复合句。第二个as引导比较状语从句；后面的when引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the time。9Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.欣赏其他国家的文化遗产对于国际交流和理解非常重要。这是一个简单句。主语是Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries。此处是动名词短语作主语。
20、写作技巧点拨通讯【题目要求】中国政府决定禁烟，请根据以下内容给学校英语墙报写一篇通讯。内容：公共场所禁烟实施时间：2019年1月1日起实施范围：全国目标：所有室内公共场所无烟措施：张贴禁烟标志相关数据：(1)吸烟人数：约3.5亿(2)分布：男性75%；女性25%(3)受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿 (4)因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万/年参考词汇：二手烟 secondhand smoke；禁止 ban一、构思谋篇本文为一篇通讯，是对禁烟政策的报道。首先要明确禁烟政策的内容及实施的时间和范围；实施这一政策的目的及具体措施；并用具体的数据来表明这一政策实施的重要性及必要性。根据政策要实施的时间可以看出
21、，本文的时态应以现在时态为主。写作时，注意要行文连贯，要点齐全，用词恰当。二、关键词语实施政策carry out the policy禁止吸烟ban smoking主要目的the main aim确保make sure通过张贴by posting受影响be influenced by非烟民nonsmokers因为because of死于二手烟die of the secondhand smoke三、连词成句1为了在公共场所禁烟，我们国家在2019年1月1日起在全国范围内实施了一项政策。To ban smoking in public buildings，our country began to
22、 carry out a policy all over the country on January 1st,2019.2该政策的主要目的是通过张贴禁烟的标志来确保每个公共场所无烟。The main purpose of the policy is to make sure that every public room has no smoke by posting the signs of preventing smoking.3因为这些吸烟者，有大约5.4亿的非吸烟者受到影响。Because of these smokers，about 540 million nonsmokers ar
23、e influenced.4每年有10多万人死于二手烟。More than 100 thousand people die per year because of the secondhand smoke.四、连句成篇To ban smoking in public buildings, our country began to carry out a policy all over the country on January 1st, 2019. The main purpose of the policy is to make sure that every public room ha
24、s no smoke by posting the signs of preventing smoking.There are about 350 million people who have smoked recently. Among those people the male hold 75 percent and the female hold 25 percent. Because of these smokers, about 540 million nonsmokers are influenced. More than 100 thousand people die per
25、year because of the secondhand smoke.So it is necessary to help smokers give up smoking in order to keep healthy.亮点点评亮点一：本篇通讯要点齐全，用词精确，语言流畅，结构严谨，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。亮点二：文章中多处用到了比较高级的复杂结构，充分显示了作者深厚的语言功底。例如，是用不定式作目的状语；是who引导的定语从句；是采用“it is形容词to do sth.”这个经典结构，it作形式主语。亮点三：文中运用了一些短语，如carry out，make sure，because of，give up等，体现了作者对词汇有很好的运用能力。