1、课时作业(十八)Unit 6Section Developing ideas & Presenting ideas.阅读理解AIt is a question that has long puzzled scientistsexactly why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obviousparticularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem known by genera
2、tions of schoolchildren：“Tyger, tyger, burning bright. In the forest of the night.” But now the answer is at hand.While obvious to us, computer simulations (模拟) of what the big cats look to the main animals they hunt for, deer, show a different picture. Humans with normal colour vision, can see red,
3、 blue and green colours. But deer can only pick up blue and green light; they are effectively colourblind to the colour red, like some humans. It means the tigers orange colouration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.Dr John Fennell at the Un
4、iversity of Bristol and colleagues said that they used computers to estimate how noticeable a given animal was. They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.Dr Fennell writes that by simu
5、lating what the world looks like to animals who are “twocolour vision”someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green“we also identify the most suitable colours for hiding and visibility”Dr Fennell writes in the Royal Society Journal Inter Face：“Considering the coat of a tiger, it h
6、as fur that appears orange to a threecolour vision observer rather than some shade of green, though the latter should be more appropriate colour for an attack hunter in forests. However, when viewed as a twocolour vision observer, the tigers colour is very effective.”The question then arises as to w
7、hy tigers dont grow green coats. Dr Fennell and colleagues write that mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. To do so would “require a significant change to mammalian biochemistry”. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as,
8、well, cheating, not exactly real.1Why does the author mention the poem in Paragaph 1?ATo arouse readers interest in poems.BTo show the authors respect to the poet.CTo answer the question of the colour of the tiger.DTo stress the noticeable colour of the tiger to us.2What colour is nonexistent in the
9、 eyes of deer?ABlack. BRed.CBlue. DGreen.3What does the underlined word “camouflage” mean in Paragraph 3?AThe cover of something.BThe images of something.CThe way of hiding something.DThe way of hunting for something.4What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe colour of tigers sometimes cheat
10、s people.BGetting green may prevent tigers from being extinct.CThere are no mammals with real green fur in the world.DThe tigers fur will probably evolve into green in the future.BThe term “to extend an olive (橄榄) branch” means to make an offer of peace or reconciliation(和解). This term has Biblical(
11、圣经的)origins, coming from the section of the Old Testament that deals with the flood; the sign that the flood is over is an olive branch brought back to the ark (方舟) by a dove. Olive branches were also symbols of peace in Ancient Greece and Rome, and they continue to be used in various works of art t
12、hat are meant to suggest peace.Some people have suggested that the olive branch is a very deliberate and wellconsidered choice as a metaphor(隐喻)for peace, because olive trees famously take years to mature. War is typically very hard on the trees because people cannot take the time to nurture them an
13、d plant new ones. Therefore, the offer of an olive branch would suggest that someone is tired of war, whether it is an actual war or a falling out between friends.In Ancient Greek and Roman times, people would offer actual olive branches. In Rome, for example, defeated armies traditionally carried o
14、live branches to indicate that they were giving in, and the Greeks used them into weddings and other ceremonies. In the modern era, the branch is usually metaphorical, rather than actual, not least because the plants can be a bit difficult to obtain.Many people agree that peace negotiations at all l
15、evels of society are a good idea. Between nations, obviously, it is important to extend an olive branch to ensure mutual safety and to help the world run more smoothly. This act can also be important on a personal level, as resolving conflict and learning to get along with others are viewed as impor
16、tant life skills in many cultures.At some point in their lives, many people will be advised to extend an olive branch to settle a dispute or resolve an issue. Some people believe that it takes an immense amount of courage to take this action, as it often comes with an admission of wrongdoing and reg
17、ret.5According to the Bible, _.Aan olive branch suggests flood is comingBthe ark is made of olive tree woodCan olive branch means flood is overDa dove loves to settle on the olive branch6The olive branch is considered a good choice as a metaphor for peace for the following reasons EXCEPT _.Aolive tr
18、ees famously take years to matureBolive branches make people tired of warCwar is typically very hard on the treesDpeople cannot take the time to nurture them while at war7Why are actual olive branches seldom used in modern times?AOlive trees are being protected now.BOlive trees are planted only in c
19、ertain countries.COlive trees can be hard to seek.DThere is no need to use real olive branches.8It can be learnt from the text that to extend an olive branch _.Ais not important on a personal levelBis only important between nationsCtakes a lot of courageDis an important life skill in many culturesCT
20、o me, Shakespeare is a bit of a touchy subject in the theatre industry. I believe Shakespeares plays to be the most challenging in terms of language. When you have challenging language, then understanding the plot and topics discussed becomes a challenge as well. Its like a chain. If you dont unders
21、tand it from the start, it makes things hard later on and people tend to give up on it. Regardless of all of this, I believe Shakespeares plays are important in the sense that they are where true theatre started. William Shakespeare is a name everyone knows regardless of whether you enjoy his work o
22、r not.Many high schools or colleges do at least one Shakespeares play every few years and I like that. I think its important to expose students to plays that are a bit more challenging than theyre used to. Of course, its not easy to understand these plays but then think about the people who act in t
23、hose plays. When acting, you have to understand your character inside and out and not only that, but you need to completely know everything going on around you as well. So to understand the script is one thing, but then to take it to that next level in terms of acting in a Shakespeares play is a who
24、le other thing. How about memorizing the lines? Thats one of the hardest things actors have said they had to get through. It is such heightened language that its almost like learning a foreign language. Shakespeares play is tough and thats what I think I love about it the most. The challenge is unde
25、rstanding. Once you have that then you have room to play with it.Therefore, if people walked into a Shakespeares play with more of an open mind, their experience would be so much better. There is an immense amount of exploration and discovery in his plays and the experience can be really satisfying.
26、 Its hard stuff，but its fascinating and we should be embracing it.9Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe characteristics of Shakespeares plays.BHow to perform Shakespeares plays successfully.CThe importance and way of enjoying Shakespeares plays.DHow to understand the tough language of Shakespeare
27、s plays. 10.Whats the biggest challenge in understanding Shakespeares plays?AThe plot and topics.BThe challenging language.CUnderstanding the characters.DHow to understand from the start.11What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 2?AOutstanding and lively.BStrange and mechanical.CComplicated
28、and difficult.DHighleveled and interesting.12What does the writer suggest you do when enjoying Shakespeares plays?AAct them out.BRemember the lines in them.CLearn Shakespeares language.DEnjoy them with an open mind.课时作业(十八)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。为什么老虎是橙色的？这个长期困扰科学家的问题终于被科学家们破解了。1答案与解析：D推理判断题。由“It is a
29、question that has long puzzled scientistsexactly why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious particularly against a leafy green forest background.”可知所提及的诗是为了例证文章开头的陈述对于我们人类来说，老虎的颜色太显眼了。故选D项。2答案与解析：B细节理解题。由第二段中“It means the tigers orange colouration looks green to them, allowing
30、 them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.”以及第四段中“animals who are twocolour vision someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green”可知在鹿的眼中是没有红色系的，而橙色属于红色系。故选B项。3答案与解析：C词义猜测题。由第三段中“They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and t
31、hen creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.”可知，他们通过使用动物所处环境的图像来做到这一点，然后创建图像来观察伪装方式是否有助于动物分不清它们。所以第三段画线的“camouflage”一词是指隐藏的方式。故选C项。4答案与解析：C推理判断题。由最后一段中“mammals are not able to produce green fur. To do so would require a significant change to mammalian biochemistry. T
32、here is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.”可推断出，世界上没有绿色皮毛的哺乳动物。故选C项。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用橄榄枝代表和平的来历以及古希腊、古罗马为何赋予橄榄枝和平的意义。如今，“伸出橄榄枝”是一种隐喻，象征着想向对方表达和平，结束争斗。5答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据文中第一段的“the sign that the flood
33、 is over is an olive branch brought back to the ark by a dove”可知，在圣经里，橄榄枝代表洪水结束了。6答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文中第二段的“Some people have suggested that the olive branch is a very deliberate and wellconsidered choice as a metaphor for peace, because olive trees famously take years to mature. War is typically very h
34、ard on the trees because people cannot take the time to nurture them and plant new ones.”可知，橄榄枝代表和平并不是因为橄榄枝使人们厌倦战争。7答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据文中倒数第三段最后一句“In the modern era, the branch is usually metaphorical, rather than actual, not least because the plants can be a bit difficult to obtain.”可知，现在人们不用真实的橄榄枝是因为橄
35、榄枝很难得到。8答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据文中最后一段最后一句“Some people believe that it takes an immense amount of courage to take this action, as it often comes with an admission of wrongdoing and regret.”可知，伸出橄榄枝意味着承认错误和表示歉意，所以伸出橄榄枝需要很大的勇气。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的是尽管莎士比亚剧本中的语言因很难理解而极具挑战性，但学生们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧仍是非常重要的，同时作者也谈到了欣赏莎士比亚戏剧的方
36、法。9答案与解析：C主旨大意题。本文讲的是学生们欣赏莎士比亚戏剧重要性以及方法，第一段开篇引出话题，第一段中“Regardless of all of this, I believe Shakespeares plays are important in the sense that they are where true theatre started.”点明主题，第二段作者用“I think its important to expose students to plays that are a bit more challenging than theyre used to.”这句进一步
37、谈自己的观点并以演员排练莎士比亚戏剧为例对自己观点进行佐证，最后作者谈如何欣赏莎剧。故选C项。10答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者相信从语言方面讲，莎士比亚戏剧是最具有挑战性的。故选B项。11答案与解析：C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中“that its almost like learning a foreign language.”可知，莎士比亚的语言就像是外语，且后句中进一步说“Shakepteares play is tough”。故可推知，heightened应该是复杂困难的意思。故选C项。12答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，如果人们以一种开放的心态进入莎剧，那么他们的体验就好很多。故选D项。