1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage1(教材P38)First_of_all，Daniel should stay_away_from food containing a lot of sugar.首先，丹尼尔应该远离那些含大量糖的食物。(1)first of all 第一；首先；最重要(的是)First of all，let me introduce myself to you.首先，让我向你做自我介绍。first of all/first/at first/firstlyfirst of all意为“第一；首先”，相当于first，常用于句首。fir
2、st用作副词时，意为“第一；首先”，一般用于说明顺序。at first与at the beginning同义，意为“起初；起先”，主要是对应“后来(later)”而言的，常用于转折并列句的第一个分句前。firstly它只用于列举事实论点常与secondly/thirdly连用。Work must come first.工作必须放在第一位。At first，he didnt realize the importance of study.起初，他没有意识到学习的重要性。用first/at first/firstly/first of all填空_I found English difficult
3、.You must finish your work_.It was very hot_，but then it got cooler.When I_met you，I thought you were a fine man.Lets see who gets there_.“Are you interested in Chinese？”“Yes，but I wasnt _.”_brush your teeth，secondly (second) wash your face._，you must answer my question.【答案】At firstfirstat firstfirs
4、tfirstat firstFirstly/FirstFirst of all(2)stay away from离开；不靠近；与保持距离Stay away from me.Ive got a bad cold.别靠近我，我患了重感冒。Ask the children to stay away from the fire!让孩子们远离火！stay away外出；缺席get away from 摆脱；从出发take away from 夺走；抢走keep away from 远离；不让接近；使离开break away from 脱离run away from 突然从跑开be away from 离
5、开(表状态)Her illness kept her away from work for several weeks.她病得好几周都上不了班。He broke away from his father and ran into the fields.他摆脱了他爸爸跑进了田地。完成句子我要你离我女儿远远的。I want you to _ my daughter.【答案】stay away from2get out of the habit of(kick the habit ofbreak the habit of)戒掉的习惯(教材P38)He should also get out of t
6、he habit of having snacks late at night and keep away from soft drinks.他应该改掉晚上很晚还吃零食的习惯，而且应该远离软饮料。He got out of the habit of smoking.他戒掉了抽烟的坏习惯。be in/fall into/get into/develop the habit of (doing)sth.有/养成(做)某事的习惯have/be in the habit of 有的习惯out of habit 出于习惯He has got into the habit of turning on th
7、e TV as soon as he got home.他习惯了一回家就打开电视。I only do it out of habit.我这么做只是出于习惯。完成句子我早上一到六点就醒，这习惯改不掉了。I cant _ waking at six in the morning.我已养成一到家就打开电视机的习惯。Ive _ switching on the TV as soon as I get home.不要批评他了，他这么做完全是出于习惯。Dont scold him. He did this totally _.【导学号：29560020】【答案】get out of the habit o
8、fgot into the habit ofout of habit3used to do sth.过去常常做某事(教材P38)He used to wake up early at the weekend and play football，but he no longer does.他过去常常在周末早起踢足球，但是他现在不这样做了。We used to swim in this river.我们过去常常在这条河里游泳。used to do的否定形式为didnt use to do 或 used not (usednt) to do。used to do的反义疑问句形式为didnt.？/us
9、ednt.?be used to do/for doing.被用来做be used as.被用作be/get used to.习惯于，to是介词。Im surprised to see you smoking；you didnt use to/used not to.看到你吸烟我很意外，你以前不吸的。He used to express the same idea，didnt he？/usednt he？他过去常表达同样的想法，难道不是吗？Bamboo can be used to build houses.竹子可以被用来造房子。This piece of wood is used for m
10、aking an art.这块木头被用来做一件艺术品。This ladder is used as a tool.这架梯子被用作工具。People here get used to getting up early.这里的人们习惯于早起。used to/would两者都可表示“过去常常”。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不再做或不再有那种状态。would表示过去的习惯动作，一般不表示状态，现在还有可能如此，也可能不再那样。There used to be a temple here.过去这里有一座庙。He would play basketball when he was youn
11、g.他年轻时经常打篮球。用上述词语的适当形式填空I _ smoke，but I gave up two years ago.I _ getting up at six oclock in the morning.【导学号：29560021】The power of flowing water can _ produce electricity.【答案】used toam used tobe used to4be short for是的缩写/简称(教材P39)Aids is the abbreviation of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome，and H
12、IV is short for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Aids是“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”的缩写形式，HIV是“人类免疫缺陷病毒”的简称。Call me Joits short for Joanna.叫我乔好了这是乔安娜的简称。TV is short for television.TV是television的缩写。for short简称in short 总之；简言之in short run 从短期来看；眼下in short supply 不充裕；缺乏；紧缺be/go short of 缺少；不足run short of 缺少；快用完完成句子简言之，我对一切运动
13、都感兴趣。_， I am interested in all of the sports.常用的“pub”一词是“public house”的简略形式。The usual word “pub” _ “public house”【答案】In shortis short for5(教材P39)These phrases would_be difficult to_use_if they were not abbreviated.如果不缩写的话，这些短语将会很难用。(1)【句式分析】本句为虚拟语气，在非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。If I were you，I would go abro
14、ad.如果我是你，我就出国。If you did it，you would know it is interesting.如果你做此事，你就会知道它是有趣的。完成句子我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。If I were to pass CET6，I _ you to dinner at KFC.我要是有机会的话，我就会好好学习。If _， I would study hard.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。If I had studied hard，I _ CET6 last semester.【答案】would treatI had the chance wou
15、ld have passed(2)【要点提炼】to use与主语these phrases之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，相当于it is difficult to use these phrases，但be difficult之后接不定式的主动形式。在此结构中形容词多表示主语性质、特征的形容词，如easy，difficult，hard，dangerous，expensive，heavy，important，possible，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，useful，strange，convenient等。不定式和句子主语是动宾关系，但用主动形式表被动
16、含义。不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语(for sb.)。不定式中的动词若是不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。This math problem is difficult to work out .(不能说to be worked out)这个道数学题很难算出结果。This kind of job is very easy for them to do.这种工作对他们来说是很容易做的。The chair is comfortable to sit on.椅子坐起来很舒服。The box is heavy to carry.这盒子扛起来很重。Some books are interesting to
17、 read，but boring to learn.有些书读来有趣，但学起来叫人厌烦。这个问题很难回答。The question is difficult _.我觉得这种车很好坐。I found the car comfortable _.那就使得诗很难写。That makes poetry difficult _.【答案】to answerto ride into write6(教材P39)The abbreviations of Aids and HIV are different in that Aids is pronounced as one word：/eIdz/，while HI
18、V is pronounced letter_by_letter：/eItaIvi/.艾滋病和艾滋病病毒的缩写是不同的，因为艾滋病Aids发音成一个单词eIdz，然而艾滋病病毒HIV是按一个字母一个字母来发音的eItaIvi。(1)while然而；但是(表示对比)I am writing while he is reading a newspaper.我在写作，而他在看报纸。while 作为conj.还可表示：当时候(指时间，从句动词为延续性动词)虽然；尽管(although)They came to my house while I was watching TV.我正在看电视时，他们来到了
19、我家。While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。完成句子简穿褐色衣服，而玛丽却穿蓝色衣服。Jane was dressed in brown_.过马路时，他被车撞倒了。_，he was knocked down by a car.【导学号：29560022】彼得虽然有许多朋友，但常常感到孤独。_，Peter is often lonely.【答案】while Mary was dressed in blueWhile/When c
20、rossing the streetWhile he has many friends(2)letter by letter 一个字母一个字母地by前后使用同一名词，名词前不加任何冠词，意思是“一个接一个”，侧重指动作或情况的渐进变化。after前后使用同一名词，名词前不加任何冠词，表示“连续；接连不断”，侧重同一情况的不断重复。year by year年年；逐年year after year 年复一年step by step 一步步地little by little 逐渐地shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩side by side 并排day by day 一天一天word b
21、y word 逐个字地one by one 一个接一个地完成句子所有的申请者一个接着一个参加面试。All the applicants were interviewed _.他们并肩站着。They were standing _.她每年给我寄一份圣诞卡。She sent me a Christmas card _.物价年年上涨，但幅度不大。Prices tended to rise _， but at a modest rate.【答案】one by oneshoulder to shoulderyear after yearyear by year7(教材P40)The beginning
22、paragraph should attract readers and keep_them_interested_in_reading_the text.开始的段落应该吸引读者，而且使他们保持对内容阅读的兴趣。【句式分析】“keep宾语宾语补足语”表示“保持”，宾语补足语为doing/done/adj./adv./prep.等。Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.对不起，让您等了这么久。He wants you to keep him informed of how things are going with you.
23、他想让你随时通知他你这里的进展情况。Youd better keep the child away from the fire.你最好让孩子离火远一点儿。This coat will keep him warm.这件外套可以让他暖和。keep 还有系动词和不及物动词的词性，后面常接表语，意为“保持；继续”。She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持冷静。Will this meat keep until tomorrow?这肉能放到明天吗？完成句子他让我等了半个小时。 He _ for half an hour. 少说话，多观察。 _ and your eyes
24、open. 他总是把书放得整整齐齐。He always _.【答案】kept me waitingKeep your mouth shutkeeps his books in good order文章的结构一篇文章应当以一种让读者易于理解其观点的方式进行写作。为了让文章的结构具有逻辑性，我们应当在文章中包括以下几点：标题标题不能过长，应当简明扼要，如：Aids Today。标题通常可以用一些短语，如：名词短语、动名词短语、不定式短语或简短的句子。其次，标题要有新意，但它表达的意思要简单明了，让读者很容易就能推测到文章的大意。主题段落这一段落应包含主题句(通常是第一句)。如课本中：When di
25、scussing the problem of Aids，we use a lot of technical and scientific terms on this website.但在有些情况下，主题段落根本不必要有主题句，这是因为这种段落往往解释一系列事情或对主旨进行详细描述。主题段落应当吸引读者的注意力，让读者始终对阅读课文保持兴趣。我们可以通过列出一些有趣的事实，提出一些问题或给出一些细节来激发读者的兴趣，如课本中：In an African village，elevenyearold Ajani hears a faroff scream as he washes his litt
26、le sister in a bath that leaks water.主体段落一篇文章的正文部分一般由几个段落组成。每一段通常也包括三个部分：主题句、论据、甚至还包括一个结论。这个主题句同样可放在该段的首句或尾句，用来引出该段的话题或总结该段。附属句一定围绕主题句展开。结尾句通常是对该段的一个总结，但有时也用来衔接下文。 结论段落这个段落是根据上面所有的陈述进行归纳总结，从而得出的一个较明确的结论。结论段落大多数情况下应当是最终的主题句(或是预测)，以起到首尾呼应的效果，使文章更紧凑。不过也可能是主题段落中提到的例子等，如课本中：Although Aids has left a scar on Ajani and his sister，they are lucky.Their grandfather is taking care of them，and because their mother had access to prescription Aids medications during pregnancy they did not get HIV from her.
