1、Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析 动词不定式作定语和状语语法点拨动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。以do为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：主动形式被动形式说明一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing/不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto havebeen done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前一、
2、动词不定式用作定语1动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Let us give him something to eat.让我们给他一些吃的东西。We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我们有很多作业要做。2名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。3抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，de
3、sire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.但是詹尼斯阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。4当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。I usually have a lot of meeting to attend.我通常有很多会议要参加。She is a nice person to work with.她是一个很好的合作伙伴。5当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。We must f
4、ind a person to do the job.我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。We need someone to go and get a doctor.我们需要有人去请医生。6当名词与定语有同位关系时。We got the order to leave the city.我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。即学即练单句语法填空The airport _to be completed_(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.Do you have anything _to do_(do) tonight?The
5、 best way _to improve_(improve) your English is to join an English club.二、动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。1目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语。A group of young people got together to discuss this question.一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。In order to help hi
6、m, we would do everything we can.为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。名师点津不定式作目的状语(1)不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。I said that to encourage him.我这么说是为了鼓励他。(2)置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。如用于表示否定，in order或so as不能省略，用in order not to do或so as not to do形式。I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为
7、so that/in order that或so.that.引导的目的状语从句。He worked very hard to pass the exam.He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.他非常努力以便能通过考试。2原因状语，多见于“sb.beadj.to do.”结构句中。I was very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很难过。3结果状语，多见于“too.to”；“enough to.”
8、；only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)；so/such.as to(意为“如此以至于”)结构句中。Im too tired to do well.我太累了做不好。He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。He rushed back, only to find the book missing.他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。She is so proud as to look down upon others.她太骄傲了，看不起别人。4独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。Id like to stay health
9、y, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.我想保持健康，但说实话，我只吃味道好的食物。名师点津现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didnt fit.她急切地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现衣服不合身。(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。His father passed away, leavin
10、g him a little money.他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。即学即练单句语法填空(2020(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次)The local government doesnt have to sacrifice environmental protection _to promote_ (promote)economic growth.(2020(天津卷)英语笔试(第二次)_To help_ (help)us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes._To work out_(work
11、out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times._To learn_(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jace has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.He hurried to the station only _to find_(find) the train had left.(全国卷)We travel on Day 2 to northern Fra
12、nce _to visit_(visit) the World War battlefields.(全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad _to find_(find) them alive.(全国卷)Join us _to taste_(taste) a variety of fresh local food and drinks.语法专练单句语法填空1The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _to watch
13、_(watch) anything that happened to be on.2I dialed up corporate headquarters, only _to be told_(tell) those names were not yet public.3Volunteering gives you a chance _to change_(change) lives, including your own.4The building _to be completed_(complete) next year is designed for teachers.5Its stand
14、ard practice for a company like this one _to employ_(employ) a security officer.6_To free_(free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.7They hurried to the station, only _to find_(find) their train had gone five minutes before.8He hurried to s
15、chool only _to find_(find) nobody there.9Can you tell me which is the car _be repaired_(repair)?10Im glad _to know_(know) the news that we have won the match.根据提示完成句子1He is the teacher _to teach us English next term_.他是下学期教我们英语的老师。2I have nothing _to say on this question_.我对这问题没什么可说的。3The whole fami
16、ly went to beach _to spend their weekend_.全家人去海滩度周末。4We shall be very happy _to cooperate with you in the project_.我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。5The next plane _to arrive_ is from New York.下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。6He is always _the first to come to_ and last to leave the office.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。7There are enough chairs f
17、or the guests _to sit on_.有足够的椅子给客人坐。8We are delighted _to know_ that youre going to visit us next month.很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。9The tea is _too hot to drink_.这茶太热了，不能喝。10He lifted a rock only _to drop it on his own feet_.他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。语法主题应用李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想，请根据语境和提示完成对话。Zhang：I 1._am delighted to know_(
18、很高兴得知) you are interested in the space exploration.Li：Indeed, Id like to be an astronaut in the future.Zhang：Sounds good. 2._To become an astronaut_(要想成为一名宇航员), you need to satisfy the requirements of a qualified astronaut.Li：Yes.First of all, I should study hard 3._to get a related college degree_(
19、为了得到一个相关的大学学位)Besides, I must take exercise every day 4._to keep healthy_(来保持健康)Zhang：Exactly.Have you heard Yang Liwei, who is the first man in China 5._to go into space_(进入太空), went through lots of mental and physical training.Li：Of course.He is really a hero.He realized our dream 6._to explore space_(探索太空)