1、Unit 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION联合国(UN)一份报告发现，各国未能采取必要行动以避免气候变化带来的最坏影响。除非各国政府紧急出台额外的措施，否则将无法履行在2015年巴黎协定(Paris Agreement)中作出的承诺。The UN says the world must redouble its efforts or itll face catastrophic climate change. Countries are failing to take action needed to avoid the worst effects of climate ch
2、ange, a UN report has found, and the commitments made in the 2015 Paris Agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency. Greenhouse gas emissions continued their longterm rise last year, according to the UN, but they could be brought under control. T
3、here are promising signs, such as investment from the private sector in renewable energy and other technologies to cut carbon, but these are currently insufficient to meet scientific advice. Gunnar Luderer, one of the authors of the UN report and senior scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate
4、 Impact Research in Germany, said：“There is still a tremendous gap between words and deeds, between the targets agreed by governments and the measures to achieve these goals. Only a rapid turnround here can help. Emissions must be reduced by a quarter by 2030 and for 1.5 ， emissions would have to be
5、 halved.” New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clean technology and much stronger government policies to bring down emissions are likely to be necessary. Governments must also stop subsidising fossil fuels, directly and indirectly, the UN said. In all, a doubling of effort may be needed to keep
6、warming to less than 2， meeting scientific advice on staving off the most dangerous effects of climate change. Joyce Msuya, executive director of the UN Environment Programme, said：“The science is clear; for all the ambitious climate action weve seen, governments need to move faster and with greater
7、 urgency. Were feeding this fire, while the means to put it out are within reach.”【注释】catastrophic adj.灾难性的urgency n. 紧迫tremendous adj. 巨大的turnround n. 好转；起色；转机；转变subsidise vt. 给补贴stave off 挡开；避开Section Reading and Thinking.核心词汇1_ n. 生态；生态学2_ vt. & n. 排放；释放；发布3_ n. 燃料；刺激性言行4_ adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的5_ adj.
8、 世界各地的；影响全世界的adv. 遍及全球地6_ n. 趋势；趋向；动向7_ vt. & vi. (过去式_，过去分词_)播送；广播；传播n. 广播节目；电视节目8_ n. 政策；方针；原则9_ n. 足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积.拓展词汇1_vi. & vt. (使)挨饿；饿死_n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死2habitable adj. _ n. (动植物的)生活环境；栖息地3sustain vt. _adj. 可持续的；合理利用的4frequently adv. _ adj. 频繁的_ n. 频率.阅读词汇1graph n. _2emission n. _3melt vi. & vt. _
9、4seal n. _5ecology n. _6methane n. _7carbon n. _8dioxide n. _carbon dioxide _9fossil n. _.重点短语1_ 瘦得皮包骨，瘦骨嶙峋2_ 对有影响3_ 查阅；提到4_ 导致.重点句型1_毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。2An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared _. 一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位
10、置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。根据课文内容选择正确答案1What do you know about the polar bear found?AOnly bones of the dead body remained.BIt died because of the effects of climate change.CIts skin was seriously injured in a way.DIt couldnt adapt to the environment on Svalbard.2How does the “natural” greenhouse effect work?Heat
11、 is sent back to Earth.The sun gives Earth heat through the atmosphere.Earths surface becomes warm.Greenhouse gases trap some heat.A BC D3Why do the climate scientists give a warning?ABecause they dont want to find more dead animals.BBecause news reports deal with climate change wrongly.CBecause cli
12、mate change has brought disasters.DBecause they have found more evidence.4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AIt is impossible to control carbon dioxide emissions.BGreenhouse gas emissions are the most serious problem now.COur planet will not be habitable for humans to live on.DGovernments an
13、d individuals should work together to protect Earth.第一版块|重点词汇诠释1.shocked adj. 惊愕的，受震惊的(1)be shocked at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊(2)shock v. 使震惊，使惊愕n. 令人震惊的事；震惊；休克； (由爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动It shocks sb. to see/hear. 看到/听到使某人震惊(3)shocking adj. 令人气愤的；令人震惊的The newcomers were shocked at the t
14、errible working conditions.新来的人对这么差的工作条件感到很震惊。I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我感到震惊。即学即练一句多译他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。His mother _ the news.It _ to hear the news.语境助记People were shocked to know that the little girl was badly injured in an accident. The shocking news shocked all the people a
15、round, which was also a shock to her father who was working abroad.获知这个小女孩在事故中严重受伤了，人们很震惊。这个惊人的消息震惊了周围所有的人，同时对在国外工作的小女孩的父亲也是一个打击。2.remain(1)vi.剩余，遗留，继续存在；逗留，不离去；仍需去做(或说、处理)(2)linking verb(连系动词)仍然是，保持不变。其后可跟名词、形容词、ving、过去分词、介词短语等。remain to be done 尚待，有待There remain/remains. 还有It remains to be seen. 尚
16、不确定/说不准。(It为形式主语)Very little of the house remained after the fire.火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。He will have to remain in hospital for at least 10 days.他至少得在医院里待10天。Much remains to be done.还有很多事要去做。It remains to be seen whether the operation is successful or not.手术是否成功，还有待观察。There remains a certain doubt among peop
17、le as to the practical value of the project.关于这个项目的实用价值，人们还是有一些疑虑。Some data in the report show that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives.这份报告中的一些数据显示，阅读仍然占据着许多孩子生活的一大部分。Whatever great progress youve made, you should remain modest.无论你取得了多么大的进步，你都应该保持谦虚。She remains working at night.她晚上还在
18、工作。即学即练单句语法填空The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ (remain) now._ remains to be seen whether Jim will be fit enough to take part in the competition.This painting was completed in 1888 and is one of the only four _ (remain) pieces in the world.W
19、hether we can raise enough money to carry out the project remains _(discuss)归纳拓展remains npl.剩余物，剩饭菜；遗迹；遗骸remaining adj.留下的，剩余的；还需处理的(常用作前置定语)They were cleaning up the remains of their picnic.他们正在打扫野餐的残余物。The remaining twenty patients were transferred to another hospital.剩余的二十名病人被转送到另一家医院去了。3.starve
20、v(使)挨饿，饿死；渴望；急切想要(1)starve to death 饿死starve sb. into (doing) sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事(2)starve for 渴望starve to do sth. 渴望做某事be starved of. 缺乏；渴望(3)starvation n饥饿，挨饿，饿死The explorers starved to death in the desert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。They starved their enemies into giving in.他们断绝敌人的食物来源以迫使他们屈服。Children all s
21、tarve for love and friendship.孩子们都渴望得到爱和友谊。The engine was starved of petrol and wouldnt start.发动机缺油，发动不起来。Millions of people will face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched.若不启动大型紧急援助计划，数百万人将面临饥饿的威胁。即学即练单句语法填空/用starve的相关短语完成句子These critical programmes that provide food access
22、to residents in need are starving _ both volunteers and donations.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide _ (starve)人们曾在一头饿死的鲸的胃里发现了大量塑料。A lot of plastic was found in the stomach of a whale which _.当地政府断绝了这个公司的资金来源以迫使它放弃那个工程。The local government
23、_ the company _ the project.归纳拓展表示“渴望(得到)”的其他短语：be thirsty forbe hungry forbe dying forbe eager forbe anxious forlong for 4.increase (1)/Inkris/ vt. & vi.增加，(使)增长；(2)/Inkris/n.C，U增长，增加(1)increase to. 增加到increase by. 增加了increase from.to. 从增加到(2)an increase in. 方面的增加be on the increase 在增加Her weight ha
24、s increased to 70 kilos.她的体重增加到了70公斤。Food prices increased by 10% in less than a year.不到一年，食品价格就上涨了10%。There was an increase in the towns population.这个城镇的人口有所增长。The people who own private cars are on the increase.拥有私家车的人越来越多。即学即练单句语法填空/单句写作Over many years, there has been an increase _ the population
25、 of towns in many countries.The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is _ the increase now.我们学校的学生人数已经增长到了5 000。_去年，这个城市的房屋均价下降了13%。_联想拓展decrease vi. & vt. & nC，U减少；降低decrease to. 减少到decrease by. 减少了decrease from.to. 从减少到be on the decrease 在减少5.average (1)adj.平均的；普通的；(2)
26、n.平均数with an average of 平均为an average of 平均是on average 平均起来；平均来看above/below average 在平均值以上/以下The coastal area has a pleasant climate, with average temperatures from 24 to 26.沿海地区气候宜人，平均气温为24到26摄氏度。With an average of 61 scores, the students seemed to pass the exam.学生们的平均分数为61分，似乎通过了此次考试。The boats rem
27、ain at sea for an average of ten days at a time.这些船只在海上平均每次航行10天。There is about 400mm rainfall in this area a year on average.该地区平均年降水量约为400毫米。Her performance last night was well above average, which surprised everyone.她昨晚的表现远远高于平均水平，这让每个人都感到惊讶。There have been four years of below average rainfall.已经
28、有4年降雨量低于平均值了。即学即练用适当的介词填空。Prices have risen by an average _ four percent over the past year.Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average._ average, we had four English lessons one week.高考助记Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.弗雷迪是一个普通学生，但他不
29、是个普通人。 6. refer to 涉及，与相关；提到，谈及，说起；查阅，参考(1)refer to.as. 称为(2)refer to a dictionary 查词典(3)reference n. 参与；涉及；提及in/with reference to 与有关reference book 参考书；工具书The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.新的工资等级只涉及公司经理和主管人员。This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这段说的是去年的事
30、。I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提这件事了。When I said that somebody was really naughty, I did not refer to you.当我说某人很调皮时，我不是指你。She always refers to Ben as “that nice man”她总是称本为“那个大好人”。To prove this, the author refers to a passage from the text.为了证明这一点，作者查阅了一节原文。I am writing with refe
31、rence to your job application.我在写信回复关于您申请工作一事。即学即练单句语法填空The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term _ (refer) to papers made widely available to the public.The Pritzker Architecture Prize is often referred to _ the Nobel Prize in architecture.For example，there are huge quantities of _(refer)
32、 books about which I am often confused.特别提醒单词含义过去式/过去分词现在分词refer提到；提及referredreferringprefer更喜欢preferredpreferringinfer推断；暗示inferredinferring7.release vt.排放；释放；发布(新闻等)；上映(电影)；发行(唱片、书等)；n.排放；释放；发行；发布release sb. from someplace 从某地释放某人release stress/emotions 释放压力/发泄情感After the trainer was sure that the
33、 whale could look after itself, he released it into the sea.训练员确信那条鲸鱼可以照顾自己后，他把它放入大海。The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirty.这座工厂不停地排放烟雾，污染了空气。How do you find the movie A Cool Fish released recently?你觉得最近上映的电影无名之辈怎么样？He was released from the hospital yesterday.他昨天获准出院了。The software is
34、 planned for release in April.该软件计划于四月份发行。即学即练单句语法填空In recent years, a number of Hollywood producers _ (release) film posters for Chinese audiences, showing their attention to the countrys film market and culture._ (release) on 5 February, 2019, The Wandering Earth soon became a great hit.The bird _
35、 (release) from the cage last week.Beijing ranked first in terms of the amount of residents reading among all cities in China this year, as was announced in data _ (release) on Thursday.联想拓展：与release意思相同的词组：set free (sb.)give off (energy)let loose8.amount(1)n.C，U数量，数额；(2)vi. 总计，共计(1)a large(great/go
36、od)/small amount of不可数名词大量的/少量的(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)large/small amounts of不可数名词大量的/少量的(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)the amount of不可数名词的总数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)(2)amount to 共计，总计A large amount of money was spent on the project.(Large amounts of money were spent on the project.)这项工程花费了大量金钱。The amount of money invested in heal
37、th care is increasing.投入医疗保健方面的资金正在增加。His monthly earnings amount to about 3,000 dollars.他的月收入总计约为3 000美元。即学即练单句语法填空Large amounts of my pocket money _ (be) spent buying new books last year.A great amount of homework _ (have) to be done every day, so large quantities of students time _ (be) occupied.
38、A great many college students _ (be) sent to help the children there last month.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake _ (be) sent to live with families in other cities yesterday.归纳拓展：“许多，大量”的其他表达法(1)(2)many a(n)可数名词单数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)(3)a great/good deal of不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动
39、词用单数形式)(4)a lot of/lots of、plenty of可数名词复数/不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据of后的名词来确定)(5)9.result in 引起；导致；造成result from 因发生as a result 结果as a result of 作为的结果；由于The great increase in tourism in recent years has resulted in the construction of many hotels.近年来旅游业有很大发展，因此(人们)兴建了许多旅馆。Acting before thinking always
40、 results in failure.做事不先考虑常会导致失败。Many hair problems result from what you eat.许多头发问题都源于你吃的东西。Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.艾丽斯今天早上睡过头，结果上班迟到了。Father was late for work as a result of the traffic jam, and as a result, the boss blamed him for it.由于交通堵塞，父亲上班迟到了，结果老板为此责备
41、了他。即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译He broke down completely _ a result of too much work.Faced with this phenomenon, we must take some measures to deal with it; otherwise, it will result _ great losses in the future.The terrible accident resulted _ his careless driving.据说缺乏信心导致他面试失败。It was said that lack of confidenc
42、e _ his failure in the interview.It was said that his failure in the interview _ lack of confidence.由于购物太久，珍妮差点儿误了班机。Jenny nearly missed the fight _ doing too much shopping.Jenny did too much shopping. _， she nearly missed the flight.联想拓展result in 的近义词(组)有：cause，bring about, lead to, contribute to.1
43、0.restrict vt.限制，限定(数量、范围等)；束缚，妨碍；约束(1)restrict.to. 将限定在内restrict oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 限制自己/某人只做某事(2)restriction n. C制约因素；限制规定；U限制，约束a restriction/restrictions on sth. 对某事的限制without restriction 不受限制(3)restrictive adj. 限制性的，约束的We restrict the number of students per class to 10.我们将每个班的学生人数限定为10
44、人。I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.我控制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。即学即练单句语法填空The earliest studies have suggested a link between calorie _ (restrict) and slowing aging.We make no restrictions _ the kinds of films we showas long as a films quality meets our standards.Dont restrict yourself to _ (make) frien
45、dsit will help increase your knowledge.联想拓展limit.to 将限定在内11.seize vt.夺取；抓住，捉住；把握(机会、时机、主动等)seize sth.(from sb.) (从某人那里)夺取某物seize sb. by the arm (seize sb.s arm) 抓住某人的胳膊seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会He seized the book from her hand.他从她手里夺过了书。I seized him by the arm and made him turn to look at me
46、.我抓住他的胳膊，让他转身看着我。Seize the chance. Otherwise youll regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。即学即练用seize的相关短语完成句子这个小男孩抓住我的胳膊向我求助。The little boy _ and asked me for help.去年他抓住了一次周游世界的机会。He _ to travel around the world last year.随手记其他表示抓住、捉住的词：grab，grasp，snatch，take，get hold of第二版块|重点句型剖析1(教材P26)There is little doubt th
47、at Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。“There is little/no doubt that.”为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明doubt的内容。There is little/no doubt that.There is little/no doubt that.意为“毫无疑问”，是一个固定句型。在此句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，用来解释说明doubt的具体内容，doubt在此作名词。There is no doubt that the
48、y agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问，他们在这件事上同意你的观点。There is no doubt that friendship plays an important part in our life.毫无疑问，友谊在我们的生活中起着重要作用。(1)名词doubt若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句(whether不可用if替换)。常见句型：There is some doubt whether. 是否有些疑问。I have doubts whether. 我怀疑是否have no doubt that. 不确定There is some
49、 doubt whether he is the best man for the job. 他是否是那项工作的最佳人选，还存在疑问。I always had doubts whether he would be the best man for the job.我总是担心他是否是那个最适合做这项工作的人。(2)动词doubt若用在肯定句中，接whether/if引导的宾语从句；若用在否定句或疑问句中，接that引导的宾语从句。I doubt whether/if.我怀疑是否I dont/never doubt that.我不怀疑；我相信You can complain，but I doubt
50、 if itll make any difference.你可以抱怨，但是我看未必有用。即学即练单句语法填空There is no doubt _ in your mind he is innocent, is there?There is some doubt _ he will succeed.I have no doubt _ you can do this job well.I dont doubt _ the gold ring belongs to her.I doubt _ that chair will bear your weight.2(教材P26) An expert w
51、ho has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. 一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式to have done，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。在appear，seem，think，consider，believe等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式时，其结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。I a
52、m really sorry to have given you so much trouble.给你添了这么多麻烦，我真抱歉。He was believed to have been a reporter.人们相信他曾经当过记者。He seems to have cut off the water supply.It seems that he has cut off the water supply.他好像已切断了供水。(1)不定式的完成式常同expect，hope等连用，表示预计将来完成的动作。I expect to have read this book by Friday.我预计星期
53、五前就读完这本书。I hope to have finished the work by the end of the year.我希望年底前就完成这项工作。(2)不定式的完成式也可与mean，think，intend，promise等表示意图、打算、计划等的动词连用，表示想做但未曾实现的愿望或计划等。I intended to have come to see you.我本打算来看你的。(但没能来)I meant to have called you last night.我本打算昨晚给你打电话的。(但没打电话)即学即练单句语法填空/单句写作While regularly eating ou
54、t seems _ (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost.He is thought _ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.认识了这么多新朋友，我感到非常幸运。_.单词拼写1The house should be _ (适合居住的)by the new year.2The consultant was busy studying the _(详尽的)report
55、then.3Oil pollution could damage the _ (生态学)of the coral reefs.4There is a growing _(趋势)towards earlier retirement in that country.5The boy will try his best to _(抓住) the golden chance to go abroad.6Because of the _(政策) of reform and opening, China has taken on a new look over the past decades.7Gene
56、rally speaking，having small children tends to _(限制) your freedom.8The badnewsis that the ice has begun to _(融化) as a result of global warming.9His comments are bound to add _ (燃料) to the debate.10There is _ (遍及全球的) concern about the destruction of the rainforests.单句语法填空1The smell _(release) from the
57、 hole made us a little sick.2The thieves _ (seize) by the policemen were taken to the police station.3The government placed _(restrict) on sales of weapons.4I used to go to that old temple _(frequent) as a child.5China will remain a large and _(sustain) consumer of raw materials.6Thousands of men,wo
58、men and children there are facing _ (starve) now.7Most of the citizens were interested in the news _ (broadcast) yesterday.8Large amounts of water _ (pollute) in the past five years.9Poetry is an interesting form of writing. It is very free, has few _(restrict) and can be a great way to expressfeeli
59、ngs.10David admitted that his car crashed into his neighbors garden and promised to take responsibility _that.11It remains _ (see) whether online teaching will replace traditional classroom teaching.12I have checked your homework, and you seem _ (make) amistake here.课文语法填空In recent years, climate ch
60、ange has had a great impact 1._ the animals. In 2013, the whole world 2._ (shock) at a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, the polar bear seemed 3._ (die) from lack of food. According to climate scientists, a key climate process,
61、4._ is called the “greenhouse effect”， includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “manmade” greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5._ (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earths surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 6._ (keep) Earths c
62、limate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become 7._ big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise 8._ (quick) The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather
63、and natural 9._ (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become 10._ (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this
64、 planet.Unit 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONSection Reading and Thinking新知感知自学导引.核心词汇1ecology2.release3.fuelprehensive5.worldwide6.trend7.broadcastbroadcastbroadcast8.policy9.footprint.拓展词汇1starvestarvation2.适合居住的habitat3.维持；遭受；承受住sustainable4.频繁地；经常frequentfrequency.阅读词汇1图；图表；曲线图2.排放物；散发物；排放3.(使)融化；熔化；软化
65、4.海豹5.生态；生态学6.甲烷；沼气7.碳8.二氧化物二氧化碳9.化石.重点短语1skin and bones2.have an impact on3.refer to4result in.重点句型1There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)2to have starved and died文本研析语篇理解1B2.B3.C4.D核心突破互动探究第一版块|重点词汇诠释1was shocked to hearshocked his mother2remainsItremainingto
66、 be discussed3forstarvation(had) starved to deathstarvedinto giving up4inonThe number of the students in our school has increased to 5,000.Average house prices in this city decreased by 13% last year.5ofaboveOn6referringasreference7have releasedReleasedwas releasedreleased8werehasarewerewere9asinfro
67、mresulted inresulted fromas a result ofAs a result10restrictiononmaking11seized me by the arm/seized my armseized a chance/an opportunity第二版块|重点句型剖析1thatwhetherthatthatif/whether2to have becometo have actedI feel very lucky to have made so many new friends.课时达标随堂自测.单词拼写1habitableprehensive3.ecology4
68、.trend5.seize6.policy7.restrict8.melt9.fuel10.worldwide.单句语法填空1released2.seized3.restrictions4.frequently5.sustainable6.starvation7.broadcast8.have been polluted9.restrictions10.for11.to be seen12.to have made.课文语法填空1on2.was shocked3.to have died4.which5.enters6.keeping7.a8.quickly9.disasters10.worse