1、Unit 2The environment能力提升题组训练(A).阅读理解(2018无锡高三三模)Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away.“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices,often with nothing more than your body
2、s movement or heat.Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products,but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.“Its huge,” said Graham Martin,CEO of the EnOcean Alliance,a San Ramon-based g
3、roup of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies.With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices,“if they are all battery-powered,well have a problem because theres not enough lithium(锂) in the world,” he added.“So a lot of them will have to use energy har
4、vesting.”Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched,the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge.Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades,for example,by winding themselves when their user moves their arm.Now
5、,the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies,Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a persons body and a special piece of clothing theyd wear into electricity for mobile devices.
6、Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation.Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a persons nervous system or treat their diseases.A textile research association in Spai
7、n is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes,which can monitor a persons heartbeat or other vital signs.Research firm IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024,whi
8、le WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex,however.For one thing,the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover,the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them,accord
9、ing to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking,running or cycling.Its also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products.While such devices are expected to cost less than batt
10、ery-powered alternatives when compared over many years,experts say,people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.1.Which “explode” in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to the word “explode” in Paragraph 2?A.They were clearin
11、g up when the second bomb exploded.B.The continued tension could explode into more violence.C.The population exploded to 5,000 during the last tourist season.D.The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary.2.What makes “energy harvesting” necessary according to the passage?A.Th
12、e waste of lithium in the world.B.The increasing number of electronic devices.C.The development of technology.D.The pollution caused by batteries.3.It can be learned from the passage that .A.energy-harvesting products will be popular in the long runB.taller people can surely produce a larger amount
13、of powerC.automatic watches harvest energy from the users body heatD.two ways of harvesting energy are mentioned in the passage语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量收集产品,该类产品不仅功能强大,还很环保。答案及剖析:1.C词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句话可知“explode”在句中表示“发展,增加”;C项中“explode”与文中词义一致,表示“游客激增到5 000”;故选C。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知能量收集为无数
14、的消费者设备提供能量,由此可推知,正因电子设备数量的激增,才使能量收集成为必要。故选B。3.A推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知,从长远来看,能量收集产品会很受欢迎,故选A。.七选五(2018南昌高三二模)Last week the electricity in my flat went out.I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea,when all of a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness.I tried to fix it but failed.I had
15、 to wait for an electrician to come in the morning. 1.I sat down to eat my half-cooked dinner.And then I wasnt really sure what to do.My typical evening is spent watching TV and looking through social media.2. So for me it was an early night.And I couldnt help but think,do we rely too much on electr
16、icity?That night,losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity.As basic as running water.3. I use electricity all the time,even when its not really necessary.4. It contributes to global warming.It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it.Not only that,but if we
17、 continue to use the same large amount of energy we will soon run out.So,shouldnt we start preparing for it now?Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it slower,and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer.5. And if everyone does the same,we can make a big diff
18、erence.A.Tonight this wasnt possible.B.Obviously,we cant survive without it.C.Our overuse of electricity is a big problem.D.This left me a whole night without any electricity.E.Electricity brings us convenience and trouble.F.But really,electricity is a luxury that weve grown to take for granted.G.I
19、know for sure that I could cut down on my use of electricity.答案:15DAFCG.完形填空Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity,even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect.According to a study,regaining our 1 drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.Multitasking(多任务),as
20、many studies have shown,is a myth(谬论).A more accurate _2 of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that were rapidly _3 between activities,sucking our mental energy.And the 4 can be surprisingly serious.An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our wo
21、rk to be 5 by distractions like emails and text messages.The 6 is that multitasking is enjoyable.Its fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds 7?Finding out provides immediate satisfaction.8,resisting distractions and staying on task requires 9 and mental ef
22、fort.So,what are we to do?Our strategy is to change the 10 to move temptation further away:shut down your email program or 11 your phone.Its a lot easier to stay on task when youre not 12 fighting off mental desires.The alternative,which most of us consider common,is 13 to dieting in a bakery.We all
23、 need the willpower to resist the temptations,but doing so comes with 14 costs to our limited supply of willpower.Another worthwhile 15 is to collect similar activities together,keeping transition(转换) time to a 16 point.Instead of spreading phone calls,meetings and emails throughout your day,try 17
24、related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.In some jobs,multitasking is 18.Some of us truly do need to stay 19 to our clients,colleagues and managers.So its worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.Remember the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the d
25、ay,the more ability youll have for activities that actually 20.Even small changes can make a big difference.1.A.initial B.personal C.inner D.ambitious2.A.plan B.account C.prediction D.insight3.A.switchingB.swinging C.swapping D.shuttling4.A.benefitsB.reasons C.consequencesD.challenges5.A.guided B.ch
26、anged C.adapted D.interrupted6.A.advantageB.emphasis C.trouble D.practice7.A.in stockB.in store C.in check D.in possession8.A.As a ruleB.As a resultC.In short D.In contrast9.A.patienceB.disciplineC.courage D.attention10.A.expectationB.task C.environmentD.vision11.A.replace B.silenceC.answer D.pick12
27、.A.continuouslyB.finallyC.passionatelyD.directly13.A.similar B.relevantC.superior D.opposite14.A.affordable B.basic C.considerableD.modest15.A.research B.aspect C.reaction D.approach16.A.minimum B.maximum C.turning D.fixed17.A.analyzing B.groupingC.assigning D.undertaking18.A.disturbing B.annoyingC.
28、unavoidableD.unnecessary19.A.sympatheticB.loyal C.accustomed D.connected20.A.matter B.functionC.work D.interfere语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文,根据研究显示,当我们全神贯注于某一活动时,即便是小小的一个分心都会产生巨大的影响。答案及剖析:1.A根据第一段可知在一个分心之后,想要再次获得最初的(intial)动力可能需20分钟。2.B第二段的第二句话是对第一句话的进一步解释,此处意为“一个更加确切的解释(account)是”。3.A根据空后“sucking our mental energ
29、y”可知多任务会消耗精力,要在活动中快速切换(switching)。4.C根据空后“surprisingly serious”及后一句可知实验的结果(consequence)令人惊讶。5.D根据空前“we lose as many as 10 IQ points”可知我们会损失10个点的IQ,这个情况发生在工作被分心打断(interrupt)时。6.C上一段是提到负面的影响,本段叙述产生的原因,即具体问题所在,trouble“问题、麻烦”符合语境。7.B根据下一句可知我们很想知道下一封邮件或短信中的内容,知道其中的内容会让我们有及时的满足感。in store“蕴藏”符合语境。8.D前后两句意思
30、相反,in contrast“相反,相比之下”符合语境。9.B根据空后的“mental effort”可知专注于任务需要自制力,discipline“纪律,自制力”符合语境。10.C根据下文可知关掉手机或手机静音,这是改变我们所处的环境(environment)。11.B根据空前“shut down”可知此处指手机静音。12.A根据本句语境可知当我们不再需要持续(continuously)击退内心欲望时,继续完成任务会变得更加容易。13.A上段提的方法是“改变外界环境”,这段讲了另一个方式,和“dieting in a bakery在面包房节食”相似(similar)。14.C根据本句语境可知,尽管我们都有抵制诱惑的能力,但这种做法对于我们有限的自制力来说,将付出相当大的(considerable)代价。15.D前面介绍了两种方法,这里是第三种方法(approach)。16.A根据空前可知将相似的工作归在一起完成,这样做可以将切换时间最小化。17.B根据空后“fewer transitions”可知转换次数很少,即要分类(grouping)相关任务。18.C根据语境可知多任务在一些工作中是不可避免的(unavoidable)。19.D根据语境可知我们不得不和客户、同事及经理保持联系(connected)。20.A根据前后句可知此处表示重要(matter)的事情。