1、Section Language Points ()(Warming Up，Prereading，Reading & Comprehending)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1A strong man will bear hardship(苦难) without complaining.2A new law has been brought in to discourage racial(种族的) prejudice.3Tom was elected(选举) chairman，for he is hardworking and responsible.4T
2、he aircraft was flying above thick fog，which was a danger.5The doctors said that all possible means had been used to solve the medical problem.6The majority of citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless.7The behavior of men as individuals is distinct from their behavior in a group.8A
3、 high percentage of married women have parttime jobs.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举2Italy n意大利Italian n. & adj.意大利人(的)；意大利语(的)3racial adj.人种的；种族的race n人种；种族4distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著5majority n大多数；大半major adj.主要的；重要的minority(反义词) n少数v.ionn.n.aladj.operat
4、eoperation手术celebratecelebration庆祝pollutepollution污染culturecultural文化的personpersonal个人的regionregional地区的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1live on继续存在；继续生存2by means of. 用办法；借助3make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5in addition 此外，除之外6be home to 是的聚居地/所在地7be distinct from 与不同8in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数.选词填
5、空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1The Rockies are home to bears and mountain lions.2Its not easy to make a life in a new city.3Will the fine weather keep up ?4The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house by means of a ladder.5Although her husband died, the old lady lived on for m
6、any years with an optimistic attitude.经典句式仿写1Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。记句式结构what引导的名词性从句在句中作介词的宾语。仿写促落实The picture reminded me of what I had experienced in the village.这幅画使我想起了我在那个村子里的经历。2However
7、，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。记句式结构it is likely that.“有可能”。仿写促落实It is likely that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。3That is why today ove
8、r 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。记句式结构That is why.“那就是的原因”。仿写促落实He is addicted to computer games，and that is why he has to drop out of school.他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不得不辍学的原因。4Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold R
9、ush Period，it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。记句式结构强调结构：It is/was被强调部分that从句。仿写促落实It was at school that he met his English teacher.他是在学校里碰到他的英语老师
10、的。5It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。记句式结构It is believed that.“人们认为/相信”，其构成为：Itbe过去分词t
11、hat从句。仿写促落实It is believed that working hard can lead to success.人们相信努力工作就能成功。核 心 要 点 探 究 distinction n差别；区分；卓著；特点；(给学生的)优等评分(教材P1)It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from all over the world.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。(1)ma
12、ke a distinction between A and B区别A和B；把A和B区别开来(2)have the distinction of. 有与众不同之处(3)distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct from. 与不同He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.她不同凡响，是第一个飞越大西洋的女子。These titles must be distinct from a
13、ny other section titles.这些标题必须和其他章节标题加以区别。 live on继续生存；继续存在；靠生活(教材P1)The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。live with容忍；忍受live up to 符合；不辜负(希望)live a(n) .life 过的生活live through 经历而幸存live by doing 靠为主We will never fail to live up to what our pare
14、nts expect of us.我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。The old man lives by selling newspapers every day.这位老人每天靠卖报纸谋生。You have to learn to live with stress.你得学会承受压力。 means n手段；方法(教材P2)Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in pre
15、historic times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。by means of.用办法；借助by all means 一定；务必；当然by any means 无论如何；用一切可能的方法by no means 绝不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)by this means 通过这种方式We express our thoughts by means of words.我们用词句来表达思想。By no means was/is(be) he satisfied with the job.他对这项工作一点也不满意。Can you solve
16、the problem by this means?你能用这种方法解决这个问题吗？名师点津means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。明辨异同means/method/way/approachmeans表示“方法、手段、工具”，为达到某一目的或产生某种结果而采用，常与介词by连用。method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理，常与介词with连用。way是最通用的词，本意是“通路”，引申作“方式、方法”讲，含义很广，常与
17、介词in连用。approach也有“方法，步骤，途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式，常与介词to连用。名师点津表达“(做)的方法”， 用 means/way/method of (doing) sth.；way to do sth.；approach to (doing) sth.。(means，method，ways，approach)The farmers thought of many different ways to kill mice.The man succeeded by means of working twice as hard as others.He has
18、 not yet come up with a correct approach to solving the problem.It is believed that the traditional teaching method can hardly improve students writing ability. majority n大多数；大半(教材P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic rel
19、igion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。(1)the majority of.大多数的be in a/the majority 占多数；过半数(2)major adj. 较大的；较多的；主要的vi. 主修n. 主修课major in 主修(3)minority n. 少数It is reported that women are in the majority in online shopping.据报道女性在网购中占多数。The majority of children in our class have(ha
20、ve) blue eyes.我们班大多数孩子都是蓝眼睛。I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored in information management.我毕业于重庆师范大学信息管理专业。名师点津(1)the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。(2)“the majority of可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3)“the majority of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The majority was/were in favor of the proposal.多数人赞成这
21、个建议。 (教材P2)That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。【要点提炼】That is/was why.那就是的原因。why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language在句子中为表语从句。(1)That/This is/was why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果)(2
22、)That/This is/was because.这是因为(because从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他病了。The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was th
23、at he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。【教师独具】 make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生(教材P2)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。(1)come to life苏醒；变得活跃live/lead a.life 过着生活come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气bring.back to lif
24、e 使苏醒过来；给活力start/make a new life 开始新生活(2)make/earn a /ones living 谋生The trees and flowers bring spring back to life.树木和鲜花使春天恢复了生机。It is honorable to make a living with your hands.靠双手劳动来养活自己是光荣的。 elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人(教材P2)By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the
25、 USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚被选择成为美国第31个联邦州时，它早已经成为一个多文化的社会了。(1)elect to do sth.决定/选择干某事elect sb.(to be/as) . 选某人为elect sb.president/mayor 选举某人为总统/市长(2)election n. 选举The old man elected to live (live) on a mountain for his rest life.老人决定在山上度过余生。Within three months o
26、f his election(elect) he was forced to resign.当选后不到3个月他就被迫辞职。In addition，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.另外，我英语掌握得很好，被英语老师选为课代表。名师点津在“elect sb.职务”句式中，总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用加任何冠词。明辨异同elect/choose/selectelect指在一定的范围内，在有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法则，用投票或举手等表决方式，以
27、多数为标准，选出代表或负责人choose指判断和进行实际挑选，强调做决定过程中所下的决心，侧重于意志或判断select强调在进行认真考虑后，从很多的人或物中精选出最好的、最中意的(elect，choose，select)They may elect not to take part in the plan.They organized a poll to elect him as monitor.Can you help me select the dress?They have chosen a proper place to go picnicking. (教材P2)Although Ch
28、inese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period，it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。【要点提炼】此句为主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句，主句为“it was被强调部分th
29、at从句”的强调结构。强调句型基本句式It is/was被强调部分that/who(强调人时)其他部分一般疑问句Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分特殊疑问句疑问词is/was itthat其他成分(若放于宾语从句位置应使用陈述语序)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.是在我回到公寓时，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。It was Mary that/who offered us a lot of help.玛丽给我们提供了很多帮助。Was it becaus
30、e Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry?是不是因为杰克上学迟到，史密斯先生才生气的？名师点津强调句型三注意(1)强调句型与其他句式区别的依据是将It is/was及that/who去掉，句子依然成立；此强调句型不可对句子中的谓语部分进行强调。(2)若强调部分为人，连接词既可用that也可用who；(3)若强调主语，that从句中的谓语应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。 keep up坚持；维持；保持；(使)继续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)(教材P2)In 1911 immigrants from Denmark establish
31、ed a town of their own，which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年，丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。写出下列句子中keep up的含义Many people keep up this old tradition.沿袭The wet weather will keep up for three days.维持The high cost of building materials keeps the house price up.居高不下Keep up！Then you will succee
32、d.坚持keep up with跟上keep back 隐瞒；保留；阻止keep in mind 记住keep away from 使不接近/靠近keep off 避开；不接近keep on(doing sth.) 继续(做某事)Im having trouble in keeping up with the rest of the class.跟上全班的学习我有困难。Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive society.没有人能够完全远离这个竞争社会。You just have to keep on trying(try)你只
33、得继续努力。【教师独具】 (教材P3)It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。【要点提炼】It is believed that.意为“人们认
34、为/相信”，其句型结构为“It is/was过分分词that.”。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。(1)常用于此结构的动词有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。(2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.be said/believed/thoughtto do”或“people say/think.(that).”结构。It is said that he has passed the driving test.He is said to have passed the driving test.据说他
35、已经通过了驾照考试。It is hoped (hope) that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。It is reported that one third of citizens plan to buy a private car.据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。解构长句难句1Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.【分析】本句采用了宾语从句提前的
36、形式。正常的语序应该是：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.其中what在句子中引导了一个宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。【翻译】最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。2Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion
37、to the natives.【分析】Of the first Spanish，the majority were不定式作后置定语，修饰the first Spanishreligious men，whose ministry.religion to the natives. 【翻译】在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1I can make a clear distinction (distinct) between the two.2The majority (major) of people seem to p
38、refer TV to radio.3His spirits live on after he died for people.4Over the past three years，there has been a big rise in immigration(immigrate) to the USA.5Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Beijing University?Yes, thats because he worked so hard all the time, so his efforts paid off.6
39、It is said that the pirates buried their treasure on this island.7Its hard to make a life with that little salary.8He was elected (elect) as new Prime Minister.完成句子1直到看到他妈妈，这个小孩子才笑起来。It was not until he saw his mother that the boy burst into laughter.2普遍认为这项新政策将使很多农民受益。It is generally believed that the new policy will benefit a large number of peasants.3今晚她很可能会给我打电话。It is more likely that shell ring me tonight.4他没去上学，那是因为他妈妈病了。He didnt go to school.That is because his mother was ill. 【导学号：40342000】5对于我们来说，沿袭我们自己的风俗并不容易。It is not easy for us to keep up our own custom