1、标题：voa慢速英语讲解附字幕:各组织提出美国削减赤字建议对应音频：1119a.mp3听力内容：Groups Offer Ideas to Cut US DeficitsThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.Continuing debt problems in Greece and Portugal. The banking crisis in Ireland. A trillion-dollar deficit in the United States. These are all reasons why high levels
2、of public debt are a big worry around the world.Countries that keep spending a lot more than they earn may not be able to repay their debts. That risk of default can make it harder and costlier for them to borrow more money. Heavy debt can also affect a countrys competitiveness.Voter anger at govern
3、ment spending and taxes helped lead to the big Republican gains in Americas elections this month.President Obama says for the economy to improve, the government must cut spending and reduce its deficit. In February, he formed the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform. The two chair
4、men are Erskine Bowles, a Democrat, and Alan Simpson, a Republican.Last week, the chairmen presented their own ideas for how to cut the federal deficit to about two percent of the economy by twenty fifteen. The administration estimates this years deficit at about ten and a half percent.The two chair
5、men say their proposals would cut the deficit by almost four trillion dollars over the next ten years. One hundred billion would come from the military. Other proposals would cut the federal workforce by ten percent and freeze civilian pay.The chairmen propose to simplify the tax laws and reduce tax
6、 rates. But they also propose to cut some popular tax breaks. One target is deductions for interest paid on home mortgage loans over five hundred thousand dollars.Another proposal would add two years to the full retirement age for Social Security - raising it to sixty-nine by about twenty seventy-fi
7、ve.The commission includes current and former lawmakers from both parties. The group is supposed to reach a compromise acceptable to at least fourteen of the eighteen members by December first.Other groups are offering their own debt reduction plans. Former senator Pete Domenici and former Clinton a
8、dministration official Alice Rivlin led a task force that presented its plan on Wednesday.That plan aims to save six trillion dollars over ten years.?It would freeze federal spending for several years, change the tax laws - and create a national sales tax.And thats the VOA Special English Economics
9、Report, written by Mario Ritter. You can download all of our programs, including transcripts. Im Steve Ember.1.repay vt.归还；偿还；清偿例句：He repaid the money he had borrowed.他把借的款还了。2.default vi.违约; 拖欠债务例句：He defaulted in his payments on the loan.他没有按期偿还贷款。petitiveness n.竞争能力4.present vt.出现; 出席; 显示例句：The q
10、uestion naturally presented itself in my mind.我的脑海中自然而然地出现了这个问题。介绍例句：Miss Smith, may I present Mr. Brown?史密斯小姐, 让我把布朗先生引荐给你好吗?5.proposal n.提议; 建议例句：They presented concrete proposals for improvement.他们提出了具体的改进建议。advice，opinion，proposal，suggestion，recommendation，view这些名词均含“意见、建议”之意。advice普通用词，侧重依据个人经验
11、、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。opinion日常用词，泛指对某事物的想法和意见。proposal指正式提出来供研究、采纳或实行的建议。suggestion普通用词，语气比advice婉转客气，也不如proposal正式。着重为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议，有时含所提建议不一定正确，仅供参考的意味。recommendation指在自己经历的基础上而提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。view侧重指对重大的或引起公众关注的问题所持的看法和态度。6.workforce n.全体员工例句：a highly skilled workforce技能纯熟的员工队伍He went over the heads of
12、 union officials, appealing directly to the workforce.他越过工会领导，直接向全体员工发出呼吁。7.simplify vt.使(某事物)简单简明; 简化；使简化；使简易例句：Try to simplify your explanation for the children.你给孩子们讲解要设法讲得简单明了。That will simplify my task.那可简化我的工作。1.These are all reasons why high levels of public debt are a big worry around the wo
13、rld.why引导的定语从句请分析下面两个简单句：句He wanted to know the reason.句I was late for the reason.把句变为句的定语从句，句中的the reasons做定语从句的先行词。因为the reason做介词for的宾语，先行词是the reason指物，在定语从句中介词for提前，用关系代词which替代the reason，the reason就不能在定语从句中出现了。由此得到句He wanted to know the reason for which I was late.注意：在定语从句中当先行词为the reason(s)，定
14、语从句由for which引导时，可以用why代替for which。由此我们得到句He wanted to know the reason why I was late.2.Countries that keep spending a lot more than they earn may not be able to repay their debts.a lot修饰比较级可以修饰比较级的短语：1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2)还
15、可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3)以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。可以修饰最高级的短语：最高级前可用 the very, the second, much the, (by) far the, not quite the, nearly, almost, by no means 等修饰。He is far more careful than I am. 他比我仔细得多。This is much the most important. 这是最重要的。Hainan is China’s second largest island. 海南是中国第二大
16、岛。This is quite far the most expensive bicycle in the shop. 这是这家商店里最最贵的自行车。注：very不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修饰最高级的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前的定冠词之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要放在定冠词之后)。3.Another proposal would add two years to the full retirement age for Social Security - raising it to sixty-nine by about twenty seventy-five.add to增加,增添,补充例句：The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好, 使演出更具魅力。4.That plan aims to save six trillion dollars over ten years.aim to目的在于,旨在,志在例句：I aim to finish up this job .我打算结束这项工作。