1、标题：voa慢速英语讲解附字幕:诺贝尔奖认可对经济管理的研究对应音频：1016a.mp3听力内容：Nobel Recognizes Research Into Economic GovernanceThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.Economists usually study markets. Now, two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics for not studying markets.They will share almost one and a hal
2、f million dollars for their analysis of economic governance. This is the study of how economic activity is governed within companies, communities and other groups.The winners are Elinor Ostrom of Indiana University in Bloomington and Oliver Williamson of the University of California, Berkeley. The p
3、rize in economic sciences has gone to sixty-three men since it was first awarded forty years ago. Elinor Ostrom is the first woman. And, like other winners over the years, her training is not limited to economics. She is a professor of political science and of public and environmental affairs.Today,
4、 economic theory suggests that good resource management requires ownership, either private or public. If not, the thinking goes, then self-interest will lead to overuse and destruction of shared resources. Ecologist Garrett Hardin described this idea in nineteen sixty-eight as the tragedy of the com
5、mons.Elinor Ostrom showed how local decision making can lessen the tragedy. Her research has deepened understanding of how people balance their needs with those of others who depend on the same resources.She studied communities like farmers in Southern California who depended on a common water suppl
6、y. She documented how people who use resources often develop ways to share them. One example is forest management.ELINOR OSTROM: One of the absolutely key, most important variables as to whether or not a forest survives and continues is whether local people monitor each other and its use. Not offici
7、als, locals.Oliver Williamson has studied big companies and found that they often are better than markets at doing complex jobs. Under his theory, businesses act as structures for conflict resolution.For example, companies that own their suppliers can avoid long-term contracts and disputes over pric
8、es. This can make production more efficient and make better use of limited resources.But businesses can also abuse their power. Professor Williamson says the best way to deal with this is not by limiting the size of companies, but through industry regulation.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences sai
9、d economists need to do more than study markets and prices. The Nobel judges urged more research like the kind they recognized with this years award.And thats the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. Im Steve Ember.这里是VOA特别英语经济报道。经济学家通常情况下是研究市场。现在，两名美国科学家获得诺贝尔经济学奖，而他们并不是研究市
10、场的。他们因在经济管理的分析方面所做的贡献将分享接近150万美元的奖金。经济管理是指对经济活动在公司，社区和其他组织内部的管理方式进行研究。获奖者是印第安纳大学的埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆(Elinor Ostrom)和加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的奥利弗·威廉姆森(Oliver Williamson)。自40年前诺贝尔经济学家首次颁发以来，共有63人荣获此奖。埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆(Elinor Ostrom)是第一名获此奖的女性。像许多往年的获奖者一样，她的专业领域也不是经济学。她是政治科学和公共环境事务专家。现在，经济理论表明，良好的资源管理需要所有权，无论是私
11、人的还是公共的。否则，个人利益会导致共有资源的滥用和损坏。1968年，生态学家Garrett Hardin对这种理论进行了描述，称其为“公地的悲剧”。埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆(Elinor Ostrom)描述了当地决策可以以怎样的方式减缓这个悲剧。她的研究深化了人们对怎样平衡自己和他人对同样资源的需求的理解。她对加利福尼亚南部依赖于相同水源的农民群体进行了研究。她记录了分享相同资源的人们通常都能找到分享的方法。其中一个例子就是森林管理。埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆(Elinor Ostrom)：“森林能否存活，能否继续生长的一个至关重要的因素就是，当地人群能否相互监督，能否监视森林
12、的使用。不是官方的，而是当地的。”奥利弗·威廉姆森(Oliver Williamson)对一些大公司进行了研究，发现他们通常比进行复杂业务的市场运营状况更好。按照他的理论，企业就像解决冲突的结构。例如，拥有自己的供应商的公司可以避免长期合同和对价格的争议。这可以使生产效率更高，可以更加充分利用有限的资源。但是企业也有可能滥用权力。威廉姆森教授表示，解决这个问题的最佳方法不是限制公司的规模，而是通过行业调控。瑞典皇家科学院称，除了研究市场和价格之外，科学家需要做的更多。诺贝尔奖的评委们敦促科学家进行更多类似今年获奖课题的研究。1.govern v.统治,管理;支配,决定;控制,抑制
13、例句：All his actions are governed by expediency.他所有的行动都是一种权宜之计。Income must govern expenditure.支出须由收入支配。2.award v.授予, 奖给; 判给例句：The court awarded heavy damages.法院判定很重的损失赔偿金。They awarded John the first prize.他们授予约翰一等奖。3.overuse vt.使用过度例句：Some guitar players tend to overuse the wah-wah pedal.一些吉他手往往会滥用“哇哇
14、”踏板。4.destruction n.摧毁，破坏, 毁灭, 消灭例句：The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction.敌人的炸弹造成大面积的破坏。5.lessen vt.减少(某事物)例句：Eating a good diet significantly lessens the risk of heart disease.良好的饮食习惯能大大减少患心脏病的机率。Listening to the speech through an interpreter lessened its impact somewhat.演讲辞通过翻译的嘴说出来， 多少削弱了
15、演讲的力量。6.deepen vt.vi.变深, 加深例句：Her wrinkles deepen with age.她的皱纹随年龄增长而变深。We’ll have to deepen the well if we want more water.如果我们想要更多的水, 就得把井加深。7.variable n.可变因素; 变数；可变情况；变量例句：Have you taken all the variables into account in your calculations?在你的计算中有没有把所有的可变因素都考虑进去?1.If not, the thinking goes,
16、then self-interest will lead to overuse and destruction of shared resources.if not要不, 不然例句：Where should I go, if not to your house?我不到你家里去, 到哪里去呢?The holiday was nothing if not varied.假日活动极其丰富多彩。lead to导致,引起;通往例句：In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.在一定条件下, 一件坏事可以导致好的结果。2.She st
17、udied communities like farmers in Southern California who depended on a common water supply.depend on依赖, 依靠例句：You cant depend on your parents forever.你不能永远依赖你的双亲。You may depend on their support.你可依靠他们的支持。3.One of the absolutely key, most important variables as to whether or not a forest survives and continues is whether local people monitor each other and its use.as to至于, 关于例句：I have no doubts as to your ability.关于你的能力我毫不怀疑。
