1、第十二周定 语 从 句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1who, whom, whose引导的定语从句The person whom I can turn to for help when in trouble is Mr. Wang.我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010北京高考)很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。Id like a room whose window (the window of which) lo
2、oks out over the sea.我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。(1)who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。(2)whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。2that, which引导定语从句He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。All the people that come from the coun
3、try work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。This is the best play that was written by Jack.这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012全国卷)那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。(1)that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。(2)which指物，在定语从句
4、中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。(3)下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词；先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。二、关系副词引导的定语从句When I arrived,
5、 Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(2013新课标全国卷)当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。I shall never forget the days when/in which we worked on the farm.我永远也不会忘记我们在农场工作的那些日子。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。Is this the reason (that) he explained for hi
6、s rudeness at the meeting?这就是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语
7、。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词表时间、地点和原因仍用which/that。3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。I wish to thank Professor Sm
8、ith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2012天津高考)我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.(2013重庆高考)约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.最
9、近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。2该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用of
10、which/whom等。四、as, which引导定语从句The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012福建高考)正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽高考)莫
11、言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)上学期数学老师考试出题太难，没有一个人能解出来。I would like to use the same tool
12、as you used yesterday.I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。3which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4“suc
13、h/so . that .”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so . as .”表“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5“the same . that .”表同一人或物，而“the same . as .”表同种类的东西。五、way和time后接定语从句的情况What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。The way he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那
14、种方法很简单。This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.这是总统第二次访问这个国家了。This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2先行词是
15、time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/duringwhich引导定语从句。考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句1(2013湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.AwhomBwhoCwhat Dwhich解析：选B句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who
16、引导定语从句。2(2013福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.Awhose BthatCwho Dwhich解析：选A句意：这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角讲述地震中发生的故事的。定语从句中的先行词是those，且空处在句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。3(2013江苏高考)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers
17、starting as early as his childhood.Awhere BwhichCwhat Dwhen解析：选B分析句子结构可知，“_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood”为定语从句，先行词是passion，且空处在从句中作宾语，因此选which。考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句4(2013浙江高考)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glassh
18、ouses being built.Awhat BwhereCwhen Dwhy解析：选B该句中的先行词是a viewing platform，此处关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。5(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.Awhy BwhenCto whom Don which解析：选B分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when。考点三 “介词关系代词”引
19、导的定语从句6(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhom解析：选D句意：约翰邀请了大约四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且“most of _”在从句中充当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。7(2013辽宁高考)He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which c
20、ase Bin that caseCin what case Din whose case解析：选Awhich引导非限制性定语从句，并且作定语修饰case。如果选择B项，则句子缺少适当的连接词，应该改为and in that case。考点四 as, which引导的定语从句8(2013天津高考)We have launched another manmade satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper.Athat BwhichCwho Dwhat解析：选B句意：今天的报纸报道了我们发射了另外一颗人造卫星。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代
21、前面整句话的内容，在定语从句中作主语。9(2013陕西高考)_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.AIt BThatCWhat DAs解析：选D句意：对于孩子来说经常会有这样的情况发生，当医生到达时，Amy(比之前)好多了。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子，又因为在句首，所以要用as引导该定语从句，as在从句中作主语。解题技法指导技法一：定语从句的解题步骤第一步：找出主句；第二步：找出被修饰词即先行词；第三步：找出定语从句；第四步
22、：将先行词代入定语从句；第五步：判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词who, whom, that, which；如作定语，需选择whose, of which或of whom；如作状语，需选择关系副词when, why, where。典例By 16：30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.Awhich BwhenCwhat Dthat分析分析句子结构可知“_ was almost closing time”为定语从句，16：30为先行词。从后面的closin
23、g time(停止营业时间)可以得知此句是在谈时间，但是此句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which而不用that引导；when不能作主语，故可排除B项；what不能引导定语从句。故选A项。技法二：“介词关系词”引导的定语从句解题方法“介词关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时考生必须注意解题思路。考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：(1)把先行词放在从句中，根据句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。(2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。典例(2012湖南高考)Car
24、e of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which 分析句意：心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。“_ even the small details of life should be considered”是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整；先行词是process，表抽象地点，由句意和与先行词的搭配知，“在的过程中”应用介词in，所以选D，相当于where。.单项填空
25、1(2014江南十校联考)The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk naturally and safely.Awhen BwhereCwhich Dthat解析：选B句意：治疗将一直持续到病人能自然而安全地行走。point与case, stage, degree等一样，其后可接where引导的定语从句。2(2014宝鸡检测)The British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things, _
26、 is often the case in other countries.Athat BwhoCas Dwhere解析：选C句意：英国人不太熟悉其他的文化以及做事方式，常常这一点在别的国家也是一样的。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。3(2014南京师大附中月考)Following the girl, we went into a hall, on _ walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.Aits BwhichCwhose Dthose解析：选C分析句子成分可知，walls与先行词hall存在所属关系，因此关
27、系词应该使用whose。4(2014安徽望江二中模拟)He talked about the books and people _ interested them greatly in the school.Awho BwhichChow Dthat解析：选D先行词为the books and people，在定语从句中作主语，既包含人又包含物，所以用关系代词that引导。故选D项。5(2014连云港质检)They stood on the top of the high building, _ they could see the whole city.Afrom which Bon whe
28、reCfrom where Don it解析：选C根据句意可知，从那个高楼的顶部能看见整个城市，此处from where相当于from on the top of the high building。6(2014杭州检测)Do you think the reason _ you gave for your absence is valid?Aas BwhatCthat Dwhy解析：选C分析句子成分可知，the reason后面为定语从句。先行词the reason是从句中谓语动词gave的宾语，所以此处用关系代词that引导。故选C。7(2014宿迁高三模拟)Oct. 1st, _ is
29、our National Day, is always celebrated with singing and dancing.Aas BthatCwhen Dwhich解析：选D分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词为Oct.1st，从句中缺少主语，所以需要用关系代词，又由于前面有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，所以用关系代词which。8(2014淮安模拟)Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, there is one point _ we must insist on.Awhy BwhereChow Dthat解析：选D分析句子结构
30、可知，空处引导定语从句。此处先行词为one point，引导词在从句中作insist on的宾语，所以应用关系代词which或者that。答案为D项。9(2014长沙市一中模考)Occasions are quite rare _ the father has the time to spend a day with his kids.Awhen BwhichCwhy Dthat解析：选A句意：父亲和孩子们共度一天的机会很少。此句是一个分割式定语从句，先行词为occasions，相当于一个虚拟的时间，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。10(2014辽宁六校高三上学期联考)The small
31、 mountain village _ we spent our holiday last month lies in _ is now part of Hubei.Awhich; where Bwhere; whatCthat; which Dwhen; which解析：选B句意：我们上个月度假的那个小山村位于当今湖北的一部分。“where we spent our holiday last month”是定语从句，修饰先行词the small mountain village; “what is now part of Hubei”是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。11On Februa
32、ry 14th, 2013, the famous South African runner Oscar Pistorius killed his girlfriend with his gun, _ shocked the world.Awhen BwhoCthat Dwhich解析：选D句意：2013年2月14日，著名的南非赛跑运动员Oscar Pistorius开枪杀死了自己的女朋友，这件事震惊了全世界。which指代整个主句的内容，在定语从句中作主语。12(2014温州检测)Nowadays some people tend to take pride in doing things
33、_ they should feel ashamed.Aby which Bof whichCin which Dfrom which解析：选B句意：现在有些人倾向于对做了一些本应该感到羞耻的事而感到自豪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是things，在定语从句中作feel ashamed of的宾语，故选B项。.语法与阅读1(2013陕西高考阅读D)Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanti
34、ng to be a part of this society?分析这是一个复合句。who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country是一个定语从句，修饰先行词those people，而never wanting to be a part of this society是现在分词作状语，表示伴随。本句主句为：are you one of those people。译文你是到这个国家来攒钱并把钱送回他们的国家，从来不想成为这个社会的一部分的那些人中的一员吗？2(2013天津高考阅读A)The
35、upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. 分析本句的主干是the_upper_floor_is_a_quiet_zone；with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places . computer作定语修饰a quiet zone；where you can sit and work with your own computer为定语从句，修饰先行词places。译文顶层是一个安静的区域，那里有一千多个供默读的位置，也有一些你可以坐在那里用自己的电脑学习的地方。