1、高中语法填空专练练及解题技巧（含答案）解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是： 一、 浏览全文把握语篇 浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。 二、边读边填先易后难 在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一
2、时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 三、验证复查清除难点 有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。 另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。 技巧指导 语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式
3、变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例1：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the(child)housesareallfarfromschool. 由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式复数的所有格ehildrens。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气）
4、，有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。例2：Atalk(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang. 句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式tobegiven。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none、other/another等。例3：Th
5、ekingdecidedtoseethepainterby(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“lesstall”
6、。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。例TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea(three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，
7、派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例6：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday,sohewasvery(happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例7：Thechildr
8、enwereplayingontheground,enjoying,dirtybuthappy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoyoneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例8：Hisbosswasangryastofirehim. 如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so.asto，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例9：Hedidnotdohisfatherhadaskedhimtodo.审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，
9、所以是what。例10:Thosewanttogotothevillagemustsignhere. 经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例11：TheUSconsistsfiftystates.根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由组成”，所以答案是of。例12：MrsBakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotakeofher.生病需要人照
10、顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成takecareof。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor,dueto等。例13：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondonoftakingatrain. 此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语insteadof。例14：Justthen,hesawablackboardinofhim. 细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成infrontof，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,whi
11、le等，常用的关联短语有both.and,either.or,neither.nor,notonly.butalso等。例15：LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,hisfamilywastoopoor.此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。 例16：MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both.and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during
12、等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词（见技巧六形容词派生副词的情况）。例17：Jackielikestodriveathighspeed. 这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成atahighspeed，“以高速”开车。例18：OldTomsgrand-danghterusedtovisithimSaturdayafternoon.Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例19：ThoughLiuQiangdidthesameworkZhangWe
13、ndid，hegotalowerpayZhang第一条横线可由前面的thesanle判断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义，故答案为than。例20：Itwasonlyonedayleft,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim.观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方上下段中
14、与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例21：Tonytravellingabroad,butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV.由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。希望能帮到你。一、语法填空专练 （一）阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当
15、的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） （1） UsingGarbageasaFuelGarbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlook_1_coal,petroleum,ornaturalgas,_2_theyarechemicallysimilartothesefossilfuels(料).Asweuseupourfossilfuelsupplies,wemightbeabletousegarbageas_3_energysource. Burningg
16、arbageisnotanewidea.SomecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates_4_(burn)garbageforyears.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboilwater.Thesteam_5_isproducedisusedtomakeelectricityortoheatnearbybuildings.InParis,France,somepowerplantsburnalmost2millionmetrictonsofthecitysgarbageeachyear.The_6_ofener
17、gyproducedisaboutthesameaswouldbeproducedbyburningalmostahalfmillionbarrelsofoil! Butthereareproblemsinusinggarbageasafuel.Garbagethatburns_7_(easy),suchasfoodandpaper,mustbeseparatedfrommetals,glass,andothermaterialsthatdonotburneasily.Anotherproblemisthatburninggarbagecan_8_theair. Ourfossilfuelsu
18、ppliesare_9_.Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanusetohelpmeetourenergyneeds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgarbage_10_(pile)upontheearth. （2）TheStoryofMyLifebyHelenKelleristhemost_1_(influence)bookinmylife.Itisfilledwithcourage,struggleandfaiththroughout.HelenKellerwasonceindeep
19、despairinher_2_,butfinallyshedecidedtoovercomeherphysicaldefectsandlivehappily.Furthermore,sheshowedgreatpatience_3_herlongandhardlearningperiod. Ihavelearned,aboveall,threelessonsfromherstory.First,shetaughtmethatoftentheroadtosuccessistofacehardships_4_(bravety).Maybeyouarebornunderanillstaryetyou
20、canstandabetterchance_5_others.Itisthereforeimportantthatyouscrewupyourcourage_6_courageisneeded.Second,theimpairmentofpartofhersensesdidnotstop_7_learning:onthecontrary,shehadmadecontinual_8_togodeeperintotherealmofknowledge,andherperseverancehadthushelpedherovercomemanyhandicaps._9_,sheadvisedthat
21、weshouldmakethemostofoursense-organsasifwe_10_(lose)themsoonbecausethiswaywewouldobservetheworldmorecarefullythaneverbefore. （3）(1) The villagers all look forward to _ (benefit)from the railway to be built in their village.(2) It just rains _ ( slight ) . It doesnt matter whether you bring your umbr
22、ella or not.(3) _ amazed me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(4) The train runs _ the forests and _the mountains. （4）Most scientists think the universe began with a “Big Bang” 1 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago, the dust settled into 2 solid globe, 3 exploded with fire and ro
23、ck and formed the earthatmosphere.As the water appeared on the earth, the 4 ( harm )gases and acids was dissolved into the oceans and seas, which made it possible for life 5 (develop) on the earth.Many millions of years 6 , the first planets appearedon the water and they produced oxygen. Thanks to t
24、he oxygen,all kinds of life 7 ( appear ) on the earth. Until 2.6 million years ago, the human beingsancestors began to develop all over the earth one after another. But their 8 ( activity) produced too much dioxide into the air, 9 ( cause )global warming problem. So the earth will be 10 danger. 三、语法
25、填空专练（二）(1)In the United States, there were 222 people _1_ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The _2_ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money _3_ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _4_ he first helped to set up the company in 1976.
26、He was a billionaire _5_ the time he was 31. _6_, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even _7_ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. _8_ of these child actors made over a million dollars _9_ (act) in movies bef
27、ore they were 14. But _10_ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2)Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car _1_ (steal) .They filed a report_2_ the police station and a det
28、ective drove them _3_ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their _4_ (amaze), the car had been returned _5_ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the _6_. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets _7
29、_ tonights Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended _8_ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found _9_their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was _10_ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, dont I?” (3)People _1_
30、(live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _2_ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four _3_ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need _4_ these. To read short stories you nee
31、d to know only about two thousand words. _5_ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary _6_ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _7_ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy
32、them. When you meet _8_ new word, look it _9_ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _10_ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets _1_ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _2_ then the left. In
33、the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from _3_, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most _4_ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, _5_. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _6_ (have) a look first, or you will go
34、_7_ wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses _8_ two floors. You can sit on the _9_ (two) floor. From _10_ you can see the city very well. Its very interesting. (5) _1_ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women _2_ any clothes on, and he and his _3_ always tried to keep t
35、he small girl out _4_ he was doing this, “She is _5_ young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist _6_ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs _7_ her, but when she got to the room, the littl
36、e girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _8_ her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said _9_, but then she ran to her mother and said _10_ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you dont let me?” (6) Most Americans dont l
37、ike to get advice _1_ members of their family. They get advice from “_2_ (strange)”. When they need advice, they dont usually go to people they know. _3_ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _4_ give advice on many different subjects _5_ (include) family problems, the use of langua
38、ge, health, cooking, child care, clothes, _6_ even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers _7_ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _8_ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, _9
39、_ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special _10_ (train) for this kind of work. (7) Without proper planning, tourism can cause_1_. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places _2_ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民) of a country. I
40、f tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become _3_ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists _4_ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the countrys economy. _5_ is important to think about the people of a destination country and _6_ tourism affects
41、 them. Tourism should help _7_ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and _8_ (happy) of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism _9_ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work _10_ the tourism industry
42、. This means that other parts of the countrys economy can suffer. (8) London was awarded _1_ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, _2_ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital _3_ the first time since 1948. _4_ Moscow, New York and Madrid were e
43、liminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds London beat Paris 5450 on the fourth ballot(投票表决) of the IOC. In London crowds cheered and waved flags as _5_ watched the announcement from Singapore _6_ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area _7_ the main Olympic complex (建筑群) will be
44、 based. Blair spent two days in lobbying(游说) in Singapore _8_ leaving to host the G8 summit (8国峰会) in Scotland. “My promise to you is we will be your very _9_ (good) partners,” Blair said. Its the fourth bid (申办) from Britain after _10_ (fail) attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manches
45、ter for the 1996 and 2000. (9) Why is setting goals so _1_? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything _2_ you want in life. Instead _3_ just letting life happen to you, goals allow _4_ to make your life happen. _5_ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them re
46、ach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. Its _6_ having a map to show you _7_ you want to go. Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and _8_ (set) goals. Unsuccessful people just le
47、t life happen by accident. Goals arent difficult to set, and _9_arent difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are _10_one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life. (10) We often think of future. We often wonder _1_the world will be lik
48、e a hundred years time. Think of _2_ space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon _3_ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as _4_. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, _5_ (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be t
49、aking holidays in space and visiting _6_ planets. Great progress will have been made _7_ medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years time. _8_ the world will have been developedeven Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earths land to build our cities, _9_ floating c
50、ities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities _10_ the sea. 参考答案语法填空专练（一）（1）1.like2.but3.an4.havebeenburning5.that6.amount7.easily8.pollute9.limited10.piling 垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源来用。 燃烧垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美
51、国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油！但是以垃圾作为燃料有一些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。 我们的矿物燃料供应有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源的需求。这种方法也可以减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。 （2）1.influential,2.childhood,3.in,4.bravely,5.than,6.when,
52、 7.her,8.efforts,9.Third,10.wouldlose 【译文】对我一生最有影响的书 海伦写的我的生活故事是对我一生影响最大的一本书。此书全篇充满了勇气，奋斗和信仰。海伦凯勒童年时曾经一度十分消沉，但是最后她决定克服自己生理上的缺陷去快乐地生活。而且她十分耐心地完成了漫长而艰难的学习过程。 最重要的是，从她的经历中，我领悟到了三个道理。首先，她教给我成功之路上经常要勇敢地面对艰难困苦。或许你一生下来身体就有缺陷，但是你依然可以得到比别人更好的机会。因此重要的是当需要勇气的时候，你必须鼓起自己的勇气。第二，她感官上的某些缺陷并没有阻止她的学习，相反地，她不断地努力去钻研知识，
53、坚韧不拔的精神帮助她克服了很多障碍。第三，她建议我们应该很好地利用我们的感官，就好像我们马上就要失去他们一样，因为这样我们就会比以前更仔细地观察这个世界。（3）( Key: benefiting; slightly; What; through, over )其中(1)是关于look forward to doing 这个搭配; (2)考查的是形容词加-ly 变成副词的构词法; (3)则涉及重点语法内容名词性从句的引导词; (4)是复习两个重要的介词。这样, 既可以复习已学的语法知识, 又可以提高学生的解题技巧和能力。（4）1. Between 2. a 3. which 4. harmful
54、 5. to develop 6. later 7. appeared 8. activities 9. causing 10. in语法填空专练（2）参考答案(1) 1 reported 2 richest/wealthiest 3 by 4 when 5 by 6 However 7 younger 8 Both 9 acting 10 the (2) 1 had been stolen 2 at 3 back 4 amazement 5 and 6 hospital 7for 8 the 9 that 10 another (3) 1 living 2 languages 3 or 4
55、all 5 Before 6 bigger 7 written 8 a 9 up 10 most (4) 1 because 2 and 3 work 4 dangerous 5 too 6 Have 7 the 8 with 9 second 10 there (5) 1 An 2 without 3 wife 4 when/while 5 too 6 was painting 7 after 8 Both 9 nothing 10 angrily (6) 1 from 2 strangers 3 Instead 4 that/which 5 including 6 and 7 regula
56、rly 8 answers 9 others 10 training (7) 1 problems 2 that/which 3 annoyed 4 and 5 It 6 how 7 a 8 happiness 9 grows 10 in (8) 1 the 2 defeating 3 for 4 After 5 they 6 on 7 where 8 before 9 best 10 failed (9) 1 important 2 that 3 of 4 yourself 5 Successful 6 like 7 where 8 setting 9 they 10 the (10) 1 what 2 / 3 will have been set up 4 tourists/visitors/travelers 5 permitting 6 other 7 in 8 All 9 so/thus/therefore 10 under