1、Section Grammar构词法语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟Her expression changed when she heard the news.Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.This information began to raise questions in her mind about Jacks innocence.I dont think its fair to question his motives just because he disagrees with you.Whe
2、n you go through a forest，you are in danger.Thats because there are lots of dangerous animals in it.1.句中的change用作动词，在句中用作名词。2.句中的question用作名词，在句中用作动词。3.名词后缀ous构成形容词，表示“的”。语 法 精 要 点 拨一、词的转化1概念：由一种词类转化为另一种词类，称为词的转化。2常见的词类转化形式：(1)名词转化为动词book n书v.预订；预约dust n灰尘，尘埃v.打扫film n电影；影片v.拍电影；拍摄fish n鱼v.钓鱼mail n邮
3、件v.邮寄；发送seat n座位v.使就座，容纳ship n船v.用船运送；遣送shoulder n肩膀v.负责任，肩负，承担train n火车v.训练，培养water n水v.浇水We should shoulder these responsibilities.我们应当担负起这些责任。(2)动词转化为名词dress v(给)穿衣服n.连衣裙dream v做梦n.梦look v看；寻找n.看；神色love v爱，喜欢n.爱；爱人plant v种植n.植物；工厂smell v闻到n.气味study v学习；研究n.学习；研究；书房bet v下赌注n.打赌；赌注swim v游泳n.游泳try v
4、尝试n.尝试kick v踢n.踢；踢脚work v工作n.工作In the beginning，John did good work at school.开始时约翰在学校的成绩不错。名师点津由动词转化而来的名词常与give，have，make，take等动词搭配来表示一个动作。give a kick 踢have a swim 游泳make a bet 打赌(3)形容词转化为动词dirty adj.脏的v.(使)变脏dry adj. 干燥的v.擦干，(使)变干empty adj.空的v.倒空free adj.自由的v.释放narrow adj.狭窄的v.(使)变窄slow adj.缓慢的v.(使
5、)减速quiet adj.安静的vt.使平静；使安心The room gradually quieted down.屋里慢慢静了下来。(4)形容词转化为名词chemical adj.化学的n.化学制品，化学药品daily adj.每天的n.日报final adj.最后的n.决赛native adj.当地的n.当地人quiet adj.安静的n.宁静；平静total adj.总的n.总数right adj.正确的n.正确wrong adj.错误的n.错误，坏事He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非对错。(5)其他词类转
6、化情况out adv.往外，向外n.托词；出路south n南方adv.向南，朝南up adv.在上面n.增长upstairs n楼上adv.在楼上Come down to us，we cant hear you upstairs.下来到我们这儿来，你在楼上我们听不清楚。即时演练1写出下列黑体单词的词性和词义He knew the answer to the question.n.答案The hall can seat two thousand people.v.容纳Those who do wrong should be punished.n.坏事Wash and dry your hand
7、s before you eat meal.v.擦干二、词的派生1概念：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的方法叫派生法。2常用前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis，il，im，in，ir，mis，non，un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的lead带领mislead引入歧途stop停下nonstop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a(多构成表语形容词)，anti(反对；抵抗)，auto(自动)，co(共同)，en(使)，inter(互相)，re(再；又)，sub(下面
8、的；次；小)，tele(强调距离)等。 alone单独的antigas防毒气的Internet互联网subway地铁telephone电话autochart自动图表enjoy使高兴reuse再使用，重复使用cooperate合作即时演练2根据汉语提示，运用所学前缀知识写出正确的单词agreedisagree(不同意)abilityinability(无能；无力)understandmisunderstand(误解；误会)profitnonprofit(非营利的)socialantisocial(反社会的)dependinterdependent(相互依赖的)setreset(调整；重新设置)d
9、angerendanger(使遭危险)3常用后缀(1)名词后缀形式意义举例age表状态、性质shortage(缺乏)ance/ence指行为、状态performance(演出，表演)dom指性质、状态freedom(自由)ee表某物的承受者employee(雇员)，trainee(实习生)er/or指人的身份worker(工人)，bachelor(单身汉)ess指人的身份hostess(女主人)ese表示国籍Chinese(中国人)hood 表身份、性质neighborhood(邻里)，manhood(男子气概)ian指人的身份musician(音乐家)ion/tion表情况、状态fashio
10、n(时髦)，tradition(传统)ist从事的人dentist(牙科医生)ment指行为、状态amusement(娱乐)ness表状态、性质kindness(仁慈)ship表状态、技能hardship(苦难)，workmanship(工艺)即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空The lady is one of the greatest novelists(novel) alive. 【导学号：75142001】The governor(govern) was having a meeting with US officials when he was shot.Its difficult t
11、o tell the difference(different) between the two words.She hoped that her son would become a musician(music)The teacher was pleased with her honesty(honest)(2)形容词后缀形式意义举例al具有性质的personal(个人的)，regional(地区的)en有性质的golden(金色的)，woolen(毛的)ful充满的helpful(有帮助的)，fearful(可怕的)able/ible可的readable(可读的)，accessible(
12、可接近的)ive有作用的productive(生产的)，active(积极主动的)ly像某种举止/性格/外貌般的friendly(友好的)，orderly(整齐的)ous充满的dangerous(危险的)，famous(著名的)some引起/产生的troublesome(令人烦恼的)，tiresome(令人讨厌的)(3)动词后缀en(使成为、变得)，fy(使得、变成)，is(z)e(成为、使)widewiden加宽，beautybeautify美化，realrealize意识到，organorganize组织(4)副词后缀ly(以方式)，wards(向方向)directdirectly直接地，
13、ononwards向前语 法 应 用 落 实.单句语法填空1If they are nursed(nurse) properly，the rare plants will flower in early spring.2He fooled(fool) a lot of people into believing that he was an honest statesman.3Im tired out.I have been shopping(shop) all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. 【导学号：75142002
14、】4Cycling is highly beneficial(benefit) to peoples health and the environment.5Lily seems to know a lot about Hong Kong，but actually(actual) she has never been there.6Kate is a(n) gifted(gift) singer.She won several awards at an early age.7Today，fresh fruit from these trees is shipped(ship) from one
15、 country to another.8After school，the student didnt head(head) straight home.Instead，he went into a net bar.单句改错(每句仅有1处错误)1This girl is very hardworking，so she is hopefully to enter the college in the future.hopefullyhopeful2It is very danger for children to play with fire.dangerdangerous3Bill Gates
16、 is never afraid of difficult.difficultdifficulties/difficulty4What about this sweater? Its wool.woolwoolen5Tom is a careful boy.He often makes mistakes in his homework. carefulcareless6We are record the game in which he set a new record. 第一个recordrecording7Having been starred in many films，the star is known to many of us.删除been8She often mistake me as my twin brother but I dont care her mistakes. mistakemistakes9Youd better keep a balanced between work and relaxation. balancedbalance10In spite of repeated wrongs done to him，he looks friend to people greeting him.friendfriendly
