1、Unit 5 The power of natureLanguage points教案核心词汇1. appointvt. 任命；委派He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克郡的代理人。He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命为这个城市的市长。常用结构：appoint sb. to a post 派某人担任某职The teacher appointed him (to be) monitor. 老师任命他为班长。联想拓展appointment n. 约会；约定；
2、委任make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会break ones appointment 违约；失约keep ones appointment 守约appointed adj. 约定的；指定的Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。2. evaluatevt. 评估；评价；估计The scientists have evaluated the data. 那些科学家已经评价了那些资料。We need to evaluate how well the method is workin
3、g.我们需要对这一方法产生的效果作出评价。联想拓展evaluation n. 估价；评价；计算accomplishment evaluation 学业成绩评定self evaluation 自我评价 educational evaluation 教育评定 evaluation factor 评价因素evaluation method 评价方法易混辨析：evaluate/estimate/value 三个词都含有“评价，估计”的含义。 evaluate 一般不用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值。 estimate表示“估量，预算”，还可以表示“评价，看法等”。 value表示“为估价格”，
4、还可以表示“珍视，重视”。 答案：评估一个培训项目的花销通常是很困难的。把她当成一名歌手来评价很难。3. varyvt. 改变, 变更, 使多样化vi. 变化, 不同, （彼此）相异常用结构：vary in/on 在方面不同vary from .to . 从到不等; 在到之间变动vary with/according to 随变化而变化a variety of/varieties of=various 多种多样的The temperature varied throughout the day.气温一整天都在变化着。4. guaranteevt. 保证；担保n. 保证,保证书,担保,抵押品常用
5、结构：guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee that/sth. . 保证 guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某物 give sb. a guarantee that . 向某人保证The rain guarantees a good crop this year. 这场雨保证了今年有个好收成。My watch is guaranteed for one year. 我的表保修一年。重点短语5. make ones way to前往Dickens made his way to the woods.迪肯斯朝树林走去。Some thirty perc
6、ent of the worlds exports of tea makes its way to London. 世界上大约30%的茶叶都出口到了伦敦。Though it was raining hard, he made his way to school. 尽管雨下得很大，他还是朝学校赶去。联想拓展feel ones way 摸索着前行fight/push ones way 推挤着前行lose ones way 迷路force ones way out 挤出去；冲出去push ones way in 挤进去show sb. the way 为某人指路get in the way 妨碍wi
7、nd ones way 蜿蜒前进6. burn .to the ground(楼房等)被（全部）烧毁；全部焚毁He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground.他无处栖身,因为他的房子被烧掉了。联想拓展burn away 逐渐烧掉;消失burn down (建筑物）烧毁，火力减弱burn off 烧掉，蒸发burn up 烧毁、烧得更旺/亮，消耗burn out 烧坏，烧尽burn oneself out 筋疲力尽burn for 渴望burn in 给留下不可磨灭的印象7. quite a fe
8、w好些；相当多I have made quite a few friends here.在这里我已经交了好多朋友。易混辨析：very few/only a few/a few/not a few very few, only a few都可表示“少”，“几乎没有”的意思，但very few侧重于“几乎没有人”或“大多数都不”这一概念。 only a few侧重于表达“在许多之中有几个”，不强调“大多数不”这一概念。 a few 意思是“少数几个，一些”，表达肯定概念。not a few 相当于many，意思是“许多、大量”。Very few people can bear the cold i
9、n Antarctica.几乎没有人能忍受南极的寒冷。Only a few people could see the scene.只有几个人看到了这个景象。(看到这一景象的人不多。)A few friends came to see me last week.上星期有几个朋友来看我。Not a few students are going there.许多学生都要去那里。重点句型1. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train pas
10、sing my window. 我睡得正酣，正在这时我的床开始晃动，我听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。when引导了时间状语从句。在此状语从句中，and连接两个并列的句子。like a railway train passing my window为介词短语作定语，修饰sound，而a railway train passing my window为like的复合宾语。“be+形容词/表示状态的介词短语+when .”表示“正在做某事，就在这时”。联想拓展be about to do sth. when . 正要做某事，就在这时be doing+when . 正在做某事，就在这
11、时(分句中的动作往往是短暂性的)had just done when . 刚做过某事，就在这时温馨提示此时的when不可以与while互换,也不可以将when引导的从句置于句首。 I was fast asleep when suddenly there was a loud noise outside my room.我睡得正香，就在这时房外传来巨大的噪音。He was on a journey to Europe when he received her call.他正在去欧洲的旅行中，就在这时他接到了她的电话。We were on a flight to Tokyo when sudde
12、nly I remembered I had left my passport home.我们正在去东京的飞机上，这时我突然想起我把护照忘在了家里。单项填空 The boys were about to go out to play football _ suddenly it began to rain. When B. as C. while D. Then 解析：选A。考查“be about to do when .”的句型。此结构的意思是 “正要做某事，就在这时” 。其中when相当于and just then，不可以用while, as等替换。2. The other two cli
13、mbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。句中的this being my first experience为独立主格结构。独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分
14、词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。独立主格结构基本构成形式为：名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/名词/介词短语）Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。There being no bus, we had to walk hom
15、e.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。单项填空The robber was brought to the judge, _ A. with his hands were fast tiedB. his hands to be
16、fast tiedC. his hands fast tiedD. his hand having been fast tied解析：选C。独立主格结构是短语的形式作定语或状语。“his hands fast tied”是一个由“名词+过去分词”构成的独立结构，这种结构的名词后还可以接介词短语等，在句中通常作状语。再如：The teacher came into the classroom, books in hand。3. Having taken the wrong bus, Martin found himself in an unfamiliar district. 由于乘错了车，马丁
17、发现自己到了一个不熟悉的地区。find oneself后跟doing、v.ed形式、形容词、介词短语、副词等，表示“在无意识中出现了某种情况”。When she came to herself, she found herself covered with a blanket. 当她苏醒过来的时候，她发现自己身上盖着一条毯子。When food was served, we suddenly found ourselves very hungry.当食物端上来的时候，我们突然觉得饿了。When dawn came, we found ourselves walking on a country
18、 road.黄昏时分，我们发现自己走在一条乡间的路上。Suddenly I found myself making the same mistake as I made yesterday.突然间，我发现自己又犯了昨天的错误。单项填空When the boy came to himself, he found himself _ by his teacher and classmates, which made him quite moved. A. Surrounding B. surroundC. Surrounded D. surrounds 解析：选C。考查find后动词的非谓语形式。himself与surround之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词。