1、选修八 Unit4 PygmalionPeriod3 Grammar一、过去分词过去分词作状语的用法是高考英语单项选择题的命题热点之一，也是许多考生的丢分点之一。请看近几年来的考题：【考题探究】例1 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer【解析】由句子结构分析，此处应为过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于状语从句As she is offered an important role in a new movie,Andy
2、has a chance to become famous.又因为主语Andy 与分词之间是被动关系，故选C。例2. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated【解析】由句子结构分析，此处应为过去分词短语作时间状语，相当于状语从句When it was translated into English , the sentence was found
3、 to have an entirely different word order. 又因为主语 the sentence 与分词之间是被动关系,故答案应选B。例3._ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .（2010陕西） A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see【解析】由句子结构分析，此处应为现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于状语从句When it is seen from the top of the tower, the south
4、 foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .又因为主语the south foot与分词之间是被动关系，故选A。例4.Though_to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. （2010全国）A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised 【解析】本题考查省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised，主语一致，省略主语和系动词,即：分词在此作让步状语。故答案是C。例5. _（油漆成）red,
5、the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.【解析】本题考查分词作方式状语。动词paint与主语the building之间是被动关系，故应填写painted。【用法归纳】从对上述几道高考题的分析来看，过去分词作状语时的用法有：（1）一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语等；（2） 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常要与主句一致；（3） 过去分词充当状语时，其前可加once, though, unless 等连词， 此时相当于一个含有被动语态的状语从句。 注意：过去分词只有一种形式。【解题方法】
6、 遇到这类题，首先要判断备选项中的非谓语动词与主语之间是否是被动关系；再次分析分词的逻辑主语是否与句子的主语一致：最后看将分词或分词短语是否能还原成表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语等从句。主从句句意是否连贯；需要特别提醒地是：如果分词备选项中有having been done 或not having been done等，那一定还要观察分词短语中是否有for five years , already, yet 或者主句中有then 等提示词语，如果有，那就说明这里需用现在分词完成式的被动式，而不是过去分词，因为过去分词只有一种形式。 【解题引路】请看下列各题的解题思路与分析过程
7、：例1._ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. (09北京) A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 【解析】分词bitten与主语the postman之间是被动，分词bitten的逻辑主语与the postman一致，本句可以还原成As he was bitten by our dog twice , the postman refused to deliver our letters unles
8、s we chained our dog.另外，依据twice一词说明分词的动作已经发生。故本题答案是A。例2. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (09福建) A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【解析】非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，本句可以还原成时间状语
9、从句When he was reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry。故选B。例3. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 【解析】如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the
10、right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players。故本题选D 。例4.A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board. A. killed
11、B. killing C. kills D. to kill 【解析】如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, so that it killed all four people on board结果状语从句可知主语：A small plane与kill之间是主动关系，所以这里要用现在分词的一般式，故选B。例5._ many times, he finally understood it. (09四川) A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D
12、. Having been told 【解析】tell与句子主语he之间是被动关系，但分词短语中含有many times说明tell的动作发生在句子谓语动词understood之前，所以要用现在分词完成式的被动式，故选D。 例6._ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged【解析】根据分词后的短语by the advances in t
13、echnology可知分词与句子主语many farmers之间是被动关系，另外本句可以还原成原因状语从句Since they were encouraged many times, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land成立，故选C。例7._and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A. To tire B. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired【解析】备选项中的动词tire与句子主语Andy
14、and Ruby之间是被动关系，另外本句可以还原成让步状语从句While they were tired and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai成立，故选B。例8.Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 【解析】备选项中的动词compare与句子主语.Michaels new house之间是被
15、动关系，另外本句可以还原成原因状语从句Michaels new house is like a huge palace, as it is compared with his old one.成立，故选D。 例9. to reach them on the phone，we sent an email instead. A.FailB.FailedC.To fail D.Having failed【解析】备选项中的动词fail与句子主语we 之间是主动关系，另外本句可以还原成原因状语从句As he had failed to reach them on the phone，we sent an
16、 email instead 成立，故选D。例10.in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waited【解析】 逗号前的部分是时间状语，不定式一般不作时间状语，首先排除B、D两项；wait的动作在realize之前，故用分词的完成式。故选C。例11. for the breakdown of the school computer network，Ali
17、ce was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.BlamedC.To blameD.To be blamed【解析】blame为及物动词，后面必须跟宾语，blame与Alice是动宾（被动）关系，这里过去分词作状语表被动、完成。故选B。【小试牛刀】请运用上述方法试做下列各题：1. _by their English teacher, Xiao qiang began to like English Weekly. A.Influence B.To Influence C.Influenced D.Having been influenced 2.This is an ill
18、ness that can result in total blindness if _untreated. A. leaving B. left C. is left D. to leave 3. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when_alone. A. seen B. to be seen C. is seen D. having been seen 4.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_every day. A. watered B.
19、 watering C. water D. to water 5._at in this way, the present situation about bird flu doesnt seem so disappointing. A. Looking B. Looked C. having looked D. To look 6.In order not to be found, Ill spend the night _in your room. A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. lock 7._carefully, the mixture was b
20、itter.A. Tasted B. Tasting C. Taste D. To taste 8._in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000. A. To be judged the best B. Judged the best C. Having judged the best D. Judging the best 9. It is an illness that can result in death unless _in time.A.
21、 to treat B. treating C. treated D. treat 10._in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 11. When first_to the market, the toys didnt attract much attention. A. introducing B. introduced C. was introduced D. being introduced 12.
22、_with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 13.If _in front of the map of China, Shaanxi province is very small on it. A. seen B. seeing C. to see D. having been seeing 14 My brother , who is a middle schoo
23、l student, although_from smoking, has fallen into the bad habit of smoking. A. stopping B. stopped C. has stopped D. to be stopped 15.While _to go to school every day , they havent worked at lessons there. A. forcing B. forced C. to force D. having forced 二、书面表达分析利弊型议论文的写作技巧写作指导：写作时可分三步走:引出问题、分析利弊、提
24、出自己的观点。1引出主题（存在的现象）：In recent years,.has been popular.2论述利的方面：There are many advantages in_ _ (现 象).First, _.Second,_. Third,_.论述弊的方面：However, there are some disadvantages._(弊端一).Besides,_(弊端二).Also,_(弊端三).However, every coin has two sides, so does_ （某一现象）.3.提出自己的看法或观点：In my opinion, it is true that
25、 advantages are more than disadvantages.(依我看，的确是好处多于坏处)I think _.One big advantage of _is that_/One obvious advantage of _ _is_./Finally, _While it is true that.has many advantages, it is also important to realize that.(虽然某事确实有许多好处，但是意识到也很重要)【写作训练】阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Online Shopping Experi
26、ence Sharing By Koay & Ling Want to go out shopping but afraid of traffic jam on the road？You can always go for a second choice, which is to sit at home and wait for delivery. Consumers can buy the products or services they like from any parts of the world. I would like to share one of my online sho
27、pping experiences. One of my experiences that I would love to share is online purchasing of air ticket from Air A. Previously, when I was still studying at University Malaysia Sabah, I was very new to the environment and without experience; I would go to the counter at the airport in order to purcha
28、se the air ticket. One glory morning, I saw an advertisement in newspaper showing that Air Asia launched a new promotion. An air ticket was only RM9.99!I was so excited and rushed to the airport to get the promotion ticket. But the Air Asia staff told me the promotion was only valid for online purch
29、asing and if I buy from counter in airport, the price will be RM59.99.So I hurried back and got the “lucky” ticket. So by doing online shopping, we can get a lot of benefits such as convenience, time saving, and more variety of choices and so on. And the important thing is the price for online purch
30、asing is cheaper than traditional shopping. Thus,we should do more online shopping!写作内容：(1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；(2)然后以约120个词就“网上购物”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：“网上购物”的现状；“网上购物”的利弊；就“网上购物” 发表你自己的观点。写作要求：(1)可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；(2)标题自定。A sample:Online Shopping The passage tells us one of the exp
31、eriences of Internet shopping by the author, who benefited from online shopping and got the much cheaper ticket compared to traditional shopping. With the Internet entering our daily life, online shopping is commonly used throughout the world nowadays. There are many advantages in online shopping. I
32、nternet shopping offers a number of benefits for the shoppers. The most important advantage is convenience. You can shop when you like as the online shop are open 24 hours a day and you do not have to queue with other shoppers. Secondly, it is easy to find what you are looking for online. However, e
33、very coin has two sides, so does Internet shopping. The main disadvantage of Internet shopping is that you cannot actually see the products you are buying or check their quality. Some people are also worried about paying for goods using credit cards. As far as I am concerned, Internet shopping has advantages over disadvantages. It is very convenient, time saving and user friendly and online shopping is much cheaper and more secured than before.