1、江苏省高邮中学2021届高三英语上学期十二月份阶段测试试题（含解析）第一部分:听力(共两节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will the weather be like?A. Snowy and windy. B. Cold and rainy. C. Windy and dry.2. What does the man say about the boo
2、k?A. It is not available now.B. Its information is out of date.C. Its been reprinted four times.3. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The tools are missing.B. The man has returned the tools.C. The woman is to build a bookshelf.4. How much does the ticket cost each?A. $1.40. B. $4.30. C. $8.6
3、0.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Doctor and patient. B. Travel agent and customer. C. Manager and office worker.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
4、6. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In the post office. B. At the airport. C. At the rail station.7. What most influences the man in making the decision?A. Price. B. Destination. C. Time.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What might Linda be?A. A researcher. B. A security officer. C. A waitres
5、s.9. What does the man like about the airport?A. Spacious halls. B. Moving walkways. C. Small trolleys.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Why was the woman chosen to fill the position?A. Its time for her to change a job.B. She has the ability to organize the new office.C. She gets along well with the other employ
6、ees.11. What will happen to the woman next?A. Getting promoted.B. Enjoying a long weekend.C. Moving her belongings home.12. What is most attractive for the woman to take the new post?A. Higher salary. B. Being closer to home. C. Running a new office.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What is critical thinking acc
7、ording to the professor?A. Criticizing the writers ideas.B. Questioning everything the writer states.C. Digging into the writers implications and conclusions.14. What is the first step in reading an academic text critically?A. Figuring out the argument and the main line of reasoning.B. Analyzing and
8、 responding to the argument.C. Identifying the meaning of each word.15. What may serve as the evidence?A. Ideas. B. Logical lines. C. Survey results.16. What is the key to critical thinking?A. To accept conclusions.B. To build an academic foundation.C. To read actively and keep questioning.听第10段材料，回
9、答第17至20题。17. Whats wrong with the woman after the tornado?A. She lost her vehicle. B. She broke her leg. C. She lost $1,000.18. How did the man get people to help him out according to the second news item?A. He kept shouting and crying for help.B. He knocked on the garbage disposal.C. He signaled wi
10、th a fire extinguisher.19. What do we know about the Canadian family?A. The family lost their car.B. The family had to feed on raw food.C. The father walked 15 miles to get help.20. What do the victims have in common?A. Losing valuables. B. Surviving the accidents C. Gaining first aid skills.Z+第二部分
11、阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5分)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIf you hear the word“Castle” or the word“palace”，you may picture the same kind of building for both：large，made of stones，probably with a tower. And，of course，youre not entirely wrong，as those are fea
12、tures of both palaces and castles.So then hay bother to visit one royal building in the United Kingdom Buckingham Palace and another the same country Windsor Castle?It turns out there is a difference，and youcan find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.The Case for CastlesCastles were re
13、sidences for royalty.But they were also intend as defensive seats. Say youre a king who has taken a particular area over.Now you have to hold it. castle and staff it with soldiers to defend your conquered territory and ensure it remains part of your kingdom.Castles were built throughout Europe and t
14、he Middle East primarily for protection of the king and his people.Some common features of castles include：thick walls and heavy gates to keep invaders outprotective low walls for archers to shoot with coverhigh towers for keeping a lookout over the surroundinggate houses for admitting allies instea
15、d of allowing enemies into the castleThe Place for PalacesPalaces， on the contrary， had no defensive purposes.They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war.Palaces were where the spoils(战利品) of war might be displayedalong with grand architecture,massive banquet halls,golden tabl
16、e settings and maybe even hundreds of luxuriously decorated rooms.While kings certainly took up residence in palaces as well as castles,nonmilitary royals might also have lived in (or still live in)palaces. Ministers could live in castles to show the power of their riches rather than their nonexiste
17、nt military power. The term comes from Palatine Hill in Rome.1. Which of the flowing is one feature of castles?A. Low towers surrounding castles.B. Defensive low walls for shooting.C. Gatehouses allowing enemies into the castle.D. Thick walls and heavy gates to lock invaders in.2. Why were palaces f
18、irst built?A. To accommodate ordinary soldiers.B. To defend the kings conquered territory.C. To show off the art of royal paintingD. To display huge success of the war.3. What is the main purpose of the next?A. To list the reasons for kings living in palaces.B. To make a comparison between castles a
19、nd palaces.C. To talk about The value of castles in modern times.D. To show palaces are more popular than castles.【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过对比介绍了城堡和宫殿的不同。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据The Case for Castles部分中的“protective low walls for archers to shoot with cover”可知，用于射击的防御性低墙是城堡的特征之一。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根
20、据The Place for Palaces部分中的“They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war.”可知，宫殿最初被建是为了炫耀战争的伟大胜利。 故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。本文在第二段“It turns out there is a difference, and you can find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.”就说明了城堡和宫殿是有区别的。然后分别用两部分The Case for Castles和The Place fo
21、r Palaces 详细地介绍了城堡和宫殿的特点。所以可知，本段的写作目的就是为了对城堡和宫殿做一个对比。故选B。BIn a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phr
22、ases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “Ive always agreed on a theoretical level that the tec
23、hniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”“When Tom Wolfes voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards,” says Le
24、v Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didnt do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff,
25、 an account of the military test pilots who became Americas first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case Id forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popula
26、rized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The Me Decade.” Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about
27、 what was happening in reality,” Grossman says. “He did it well and people heard him. And they repeated what he said because he was right.” All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.4. The “New Journalism” is a style of journalism that .A. changes its news writing tec
28、hniques frequentlyB. popularizes new American idioms in a literary wayC. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reportingD. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective5. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff .A. is a film directed by Lev GrossmanB. is an inf
29、luential book by Tom WolfeC. accounts for popular American phrasesD. deals with incredible places in the world6. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspectiveB. preferred making claims about events to writing booksC. was fond of commenting on other p
30、eoples thoughtsD liked analyzing social problems from the outside7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tom Wolfe: A Professional Phrase CoinerB. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and NovelistC. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in LiteratureD. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist
31、 and Writer【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Tom Wolfe，一位富有创新的记者和作家。他将小说技巧与传统报道相结合创造出了一种非虚构文学风格，被称为“新新闻”。【4题详解】推理判断题。第二段中He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “Ive always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonf
32、iction are interchangeable,”可知他将小说和非小说的技巧结合形成了一种新的文体。即“新新闻”是一种将小说手法与传统报道相结合的新闻文体，故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。倒数第二段第一、二句In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The Me Decade.”可知在The Right Stuff书中，Wolfe普及了短语“推信封”。在纽约杂志的
33、一篇文章中，Wolfe将20世纪70年代描述为“自我”的十年。即可知The Right Stuff是Tom Wolfe写的一本很有影响力的书，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,”可知Tom Wolfe是一个非常有说服力的观察者，他不害怕对现实中正在发生的事情做出强有力的断言。即Tom Wolfe善于从现实的角度报道新闻，故选A。【7题详
34、解】主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容为介绍了发明了“新新闻”文体的Tom Wolfe，他是一位创新的记者和作家。故选D。CFor some Chinese high school students, passing the gaokao is the final goal of their academic life. They believe that once they enter college, life will be easy. However, getting a college degree now requires more efforts than it did before.
35、In September, the Ministry of Education (MOE) released an announcement, requiring universities to increase the difficulty of undergraduate courses and work harder to end academic misconduct in bachelors theses. This came after a change put forward by Minister of Education Chen Baosheng. Chen said un
36、iversities should “reasonably increase students academic burden” to encourage them to work harder and improve their knowledge and skill levels.In China, students often study hard during high school to achieve high gaokao scores. However, once entering university, many students lose interest in their
37、 studies, let alone acquiring outstanding academic abilities, according to Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences. This phenomenon could be because the pressure to study at university is lower than that of high school.“The evaluation standards in universities arent
38、 very high,” Sang Guoyuan, a professor of education told The Economic Observer. “Many poorly performing students are given passes by teachers as long as they attend classes.” However, in the US, to make sure education quality is kept high, universities always “keep the students under competitive pre
39、ssure by assigning them challenging tasks,” Xiong Bingqi, deputy director of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, wrote on the China Daily website. For example, US universities have “weed-out courses”, which are designed to kick out students who dont meet certain academic criteria.However,
40、 while the Ministry of Educations plans aim to increase “university students academic burden”, theyre not intended to put extra pressure on them. Instead, the new requirements are meant to fulfill the basic requirements of university education, according to Xiong. As Guangming Daily put it, “Univers
41、ity is an important time in shaping young peoples personalities and values.8. What does the underlined “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The announcement by the MOE.B. Acquisition of the college degree.C. The end of academic misconduct.D. The increase of academic difficulty.9. What might the future
42、college life be like for Chinese students?A. Attending classes to guarantee graduation.B. Being faced with extra pressure.C. Fighting for outstanding academic abilities.D. Taking “weed-out courses” regularly.10. Why does the author use so many quotes in the passage?A. To show the views on the reform
43、 of Chinese universities vary.B. To clarify Chinese university reform may encounter difficulties.C. To demonstrate Chinese universities well shape students values.D. To stress the current situation in Chinese universities needs a reform.11. Whats the type of the passage?A. Interview.B. Argument.C. N
44、ews.D. Essay.【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻。文章介绍了教育部发布通知，要求各高校加大本科课程难度，加大力度杜绝本科毕业论文中的学术不端行为，进行相应的教育改革，鼓励大学生更加努力地学习，提高他们的知识和技能水平。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中In September, the Ministry of Education (MOE) released an announcement, requiring universities to increase the difficulty of undergraduate course
45、s and work harder to end academic misconduct in bachelors theses. This came after a change put forward by Minister of Education Chen Baosheng. 9月，教育部发布通知，要求各高校加大本科课程难度，加大力度杜绝本科毕业论文中的学术不端行为。此前，教育部部长陈宝生提出了一项改革。由教育部长提出改革，可知代词This指的是上文“教育部发布的通知”。故选A项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Chen said universities should “reas
46、onably increase students academic burden” to encourage them to work harder and improve their knowledge and skill levels. 陈说，大学应该“合理地增加学生的学习负担”，鼓励他们更加努力地学习，提高他们的知识和技能水平。可知，中国学生未来的大学生活是要争取优秀的学术能力。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“The evaluation standards in universities arent very high,” Sang Guoyuan, a profes
47、sor of education told The Economic Observer. “Many poorly performing students are given passes by teachers as long as they attend classes.” However, in the US, to make sure education quality is kept high, universities always “keep the students under competitive pressure by assigning them challenging
48、 tasks,” Xiong Bingqi, deputy director of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, wrote on the China Daily website. For example, US universities have “weed-out courses”, which are designed to kick out students who dont meet certain academic criteria“大学的评估标准不是很高，”教育教授桑国元告诉经济观察报。“许多表现不佳的学生只要上课，
49、老师就会给他们通行证。”21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇在中国日报网站上写道：“然而，在美国，为了确保教育质量，大学总是让学生处于竞争压力之下，给他们分配具有挑战性的任务。”例如，美国大学有“淘汰课程”，旨在淘汰不符合某些学术标准的学生。由此可知，作者在文章中引用了这么多的引语是为了强调中国大学的现状需要改革。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中However, getting a college degree now requires more efforts than it did before.然而，现在获得大学学位比以前需要更多的努力。第二段中In September, th
50、e Ministry of Education (MOE) released an announcement, requiring universities to increase the difficulty of undergraduate courses and work harder to end academic misconduct in bachelors theses.9月，教育部发布通知，要求各高校加大本科课程难度，加大力度杜绝本科毕业论文中的学术不端行为。可知，文章主要是报道了教育部发布的通知引起众多关注，因此这是一篇新闻体裁的文章。故选C项。DThe idea of us
51、ing radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a radio music box, the audience could enjoy lectures, music performanc
52、e, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to pl
53、ay on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920,
54、 station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expand
55、ed rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group
56、 in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radi
57、os, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular cultu
58、re.12. The passage is mainly concerned with _.A. the contribution of radio to popular cultureB. the invention and uses of radioC. early radio programs for a mass audienceD. the history of radio broadcasting13. Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC.
59、 Harry DavisD. Warren Harding14. After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new15. By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was
60、still unclear”, the author means that _.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stations
61、【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B【解析】【分析】 本文是说明文。主要讲述无线广播的建立与发展。使用无线电或无线广播听众的想法是由美国马可尼公司总裁于1916提出的，大卫沙诺夫，美国工程师Frank Conrad（WE公司的雇员）于四年后运用无线广播的。1926年建立了第一个商业无线电网络。【12题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，主要讲述无线广播的建立与发展。使用无线电或无线广播听众的想法是由美国马可尼公司总裁于1916提出的，大卫沙诺夫，美国工程师Frank Conrad（WE公司的雇员）于四年后运用无线广播的。1926年建立了第一个商业无线电网络。所以短文主要是关于无
62、线广播的历史。 故答案为D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。 第二段“Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. ”四年后，美国工程师弗兰克康拉德（Fran
63、k Conrad）是W E 公司的一名员工，当地一家报纸报道说，越来越多的听众收听他晚间和周末的业余广播时，他引起了相当大的关注。由此可知，Frank Conrad开始向大众广播无线电节目的。故答案为A。【14题详解】细节理解题。 文中第二段最后以总统竞选结果的发布为切入点，以证明广播比报纸传播的更及时，尤其是第三段的第一句“Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapi
64、dly in the following years.，” 无线电通讯的速度比报纸快得多，而且由于晶体装置易于建造和廉价，无线电在随后几年迅速扩大。由此可知，1920年以后，广播迅速发展，因为它比报纸有优势。故答案为C。【15题详解】 细节理解题。第三段中间的“The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged th
65、at private foundations support radio stations as a public service.” 然而，新的产业的最终经济基础的来源仍然不明。纽约的一个团体试图从听众那里寻求捐款，而另一些人则敦促私人基金会支持广播电台作为公共服务。 由此可知这些电视台还不确定从哪里获得运营资金。故答案为B。第二节 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。This is an exciting time of year for a vocabulary lover
66、, _16_. The word is not necessary new. But it is trending on the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) site, as well as on social media and the internet._17_. It saw an increase of 45% on the OED site this year. Arguably, it is a far more fascinating word than previous winner “youthquake,” chiefly because
67、 “toxic” reflects how single words can expand and change in meaning over time.“Toxic” originated in the mid 1600s as the Latin word “toxicus,” a derivative (派生词 ) of “toxicum,” _18_. The word remained as something very literal until the 20th century. With the emergence of “toxic waste,” we became aw
68、are of the importance of the word as it related to our environment. According to Oxfords research, we are using “toxic” to describe everything from chemicals to relationship. _19_.As the word reveals, 2018 has not been the merriest for the global community. However, there is good reason to be hopefu
69、l. It shows that at least we are not ignoring or hiding from the challenges. We see the word not as a summary to a depressing year, but as a sign that we are starting to acknowledge persistent problems in a more straightforward way.“Raise your words, not your voice. It is rain that grows flowers, no
70、t thunder,” wrote Rumi, one of the Islamic worlds greatest poets in the 13th century. _20_. Perhaps with next years Oxford Dictionary list, we will have more to celebrate with flowers perhaps.A. The word of 2018 is” toxic”B. “Youthquake” is a newly-created wordC. But it might be a challenge for some
71、one around usD. Good things can happen as we increase our word powerE. which comes from the Greek “toxikon,” meaning “arrow poison”F. because the Oxford English Dictionary has released its word of the yearG. Weve used the word to describe anything deeply but often invisibly harmful【答案】16. F 17. A 18
72、. E 19. G 20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2018年牛津英语词典的年度词是toxic，讲述了toxic流行的原因、含义、用法等。【16题详解】根据上一句This is an exciting time of year for a vocabulary lover对于词汇爱好者来说，今年是激动人心的一年；以及下一句The word is not necessary new.这个词不一定是新的。可知，此句与前一句构成因果关系，此处内容与词汇出现有关，选项F“因为牛津英语词典公布了它的年度词汇”符合题意。故选F。【17题详解】根据下文Arguably, it is a
73、far more fascinating word than previous winner “youthquake,” chiefly because “toxic” reflects how single words can expand and change in meaning over time.可以说，“toxic”比之前的获奖词“youthquake”更吸引人，主要是因为“toxic”反映了单个单词是如何随着时间的推移而扩展和改变其含义的。可知，此处内容与词汇toxic有关，选项A“2018年的词是“toxic”。”符合题意。故选A。【18题详解】根据上一句“Toxic” ori
74、ginated in the mid 1600s as the Latin word “toxicus,” a derivative (派生词 ) of “toxicum,” “Toxic”起源于17世纪中期的拉丁词“toxicus”，是“toxicum”的衍生词。可知，此处内容与解释词汇toxic的来源有关，选项E“来自希腊语“toxikon”，意思是“箭毒”。”符合题意。故选E。【19题详解】根据上一句According to Oxfords research, we are using “toxic” to describe everything from chemicals to re
75、lationship. 根据牛津大学的研究，我们用“toxic”来描述从化学物质到人际关系的一切事物。可知，此处内容与词汇toxic用来描述什么有关，选项G“我们已经用这个词来描述任何深刻的，但往往是无形的有害的东西。”符合题意。故选G。【20题详解】根据上一句“Raise your words, not your voice. It is rain that grows flowers, not thunder,” wrote Rumi, one of the Islamic worlds greatest poets in the 13th century. “提高你的语言，而不是你的声音
76、。浇灌鲜花的是雨水，而不是雷声。”13世纪伊斯兰世界最伟大的诗人之一鲁米写道。可知，此处内容与语言的力量有关，选项D“当我们增加我们的语言力量时，好事就会发生。”符合题意。故选D。第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion ofthe cultural
77、 or political problems of the day, not heated debates about filmsweve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple_21_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _22_ do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing wha
78、t with whom, whos in and whos outand why; how to deal with difficult_23_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are wekeen on gossiping? Are we just natural _24_, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the reallyimpo
79、rtant issues of life? Its not the case according to Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really_25_issues.Dunbar _26_the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early st
80、age of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just becaus
81、e we can talk, argues Dunbar_27_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _28_ of the higher primates likemonkeys. By means of groomingcleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom
82、 they can rely for support inthe event of some kind of conflict within the group or_29_ from outside it.As we humanbeings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _30_that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group,
83、 the greater the _31_ it provided; on theother hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close toothers. Grooming helped to _32_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as thegroups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _33_ to ma
84、intain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _34_kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would bepossible by one-to-one _35_
85、 contact.21. A. claimB. descriptionC. gossipD. language22. A. occasionallyB. habituallyC. independentlyD. originally23. A. socialB. politicalC. historicalD. cultural24. A. admirersB. mastersC. usersD. wasters25. A. vitalB. sensitiveC. idealD. difficult26. A. confirmsB. rejectsC. outlinesD. broadens2
86、7. A. for instanceB. in additionC. on the contraryD. as a result28. A. motivationB. appearanceC. emotionD. behavior29. A. attackB. contactC. inspectionD. assistance30. A. recallsB. deniesC. concludesD. confesses31. A. prospectB. responsibilityC. leadershipD. protection32. A. measureB. showC. maintai
87、nD. ease33 A. savedB. extendedC. consumedD. gained34. A. commonB. efficientC. scientificD. thoughtful35. A. indirectB. dailyC. physicalD. secret【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。研究表明人们的语言大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲言碎语，这些闲言碎语是不是浪费时
88、间呢，Robin Dunbar教授不是这样认为的，他认为闲言碎语是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流形式。【21题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：研究表明，人类交流的三分之二不是关于当下文化或政治问题的讨论，也不是关于我们刚看的电影或刚读完的书的激烈辩论，而是那些简单明了的八卦。A. claim宣称；B. description描述；C. gossip闲话；D. language 语言。根据上文的句子：可知我们人类的大多数对话不是文化的，政治的问题，也不是关于电影和树的讨论，而就是简单的闲言碎语，Research has shown that two-thirds of human conv
89、ersation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading下文多次出现gossip这个词，所以选C。【22题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：语言是我们作为一个物种最宝贵的财富，而我们习惯用它做什么呢？A. occasionally偶然地；B. habitually习惯地；C. independently独立地；D
90、. originally 最初地。根据下文About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing whatwith whom, whos in and whos outand why可知，此处是指我们习惯怎么使用它？所以选B。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：如何处理涉及到孩子、爱人和同事的困难的社交情况。A. social社交的；B. political政治的；C. historical历史的；D. cultural 文化的。根据下文的：involving children, lovers, and colleagues.包
91、括孩子，爱人和同事这些都是社会形式，所以选A。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我们只是自然的浪费时间和语言吗？A. admirers爱慕者；B. masters主人；C. users使用者；D. wasters浪费者。根据上文So why are we keen on gossiping?我们为什么喜欢说些闲言碎语，因为我们是时间和语言的浪费者吗？所以选D。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：事实上，这位心理学家在他的新书打扮、八卦和语言的进化中指出，八卦是其中一个至关重要的问题。A. vital重要的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. ideal理想的；D. difficult困难的。
92、根据下文的介绍Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.可知，Robin Dunbar教授不认为我们是浪费时间，而认为闲言碎语是最重要的事情，所以选A。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：邓巴反对传统的观点语言是由男性发展的在社会发展的早期阶段为了更有效地组织他们的男性狩猎活动，或者甚至促进关于他们的起源和超自然的诗歌故事的交流。A. confirms证实；B. rejects反对；C. outlines概述；D. broadens 拓宽。根据下文可知Robin Dunbar教授是反对传统的关于语言是在人类社会发展初期在组织打猎的时
93、候发展起来的这个观点，所以选B。【27题详解】考查词组辨析。句意：我们不会把三分之二的时间花在八卦上，仅仅因为我们会说话，邓巴认为恰恰相反，他接着说，语言的进化是专门为我们闲谈的。A. for instance例如；B. in addition此外；C. on the contrary相反的；D. as a result 因此。根据上文的句子：Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,
94、可知：正相反的是，语言进化是是让我们说些闲言碎语的，所以选C。【28题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：邓巴是通过研究像猴子这样的高级灵长类动物的行为得出他的快乐理论的。A. motivation动机；B. appearance外表；C. emotion情感；D. behavior行为。根据下文的描述By means of grooming可知教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所以选D。【29题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：通过梳理通过刷毛的方式，猴子与其他个体形成群体，当群体内发生某种冲突或外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体获得支持。A. attack进攻；B. contact联系；
95、C. inspection视察；D. assistance 帮助。根据上文的conflict可知猴子和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事件中或来自外界的进攻时的支持，所以选A。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：教授下结论说，我们在历史上做过相似的事情。A. recalls回想；B. denies否认；C. concludes下结论，结束；D. confesses 承认。根据上文语境可知，此处是教授的结论。所以选C。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：分组是有意义的，因为组越大，它提供的保护就越大。A. prospect前景，期望；B. responsibility责任；C. leadershi
96、p 领导；D. protection 保护。根据下文的：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.可知因为群体越大，获得的保护就越大。所以选D。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：打扮有助于缓解压力，让每个人冷静下来。A. measure衡量；B. show展示；C. maintain保持；D. ease缓解。根据上文：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of
97、living close to others.群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来，所以选D。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但随着群体规模越来越大，花在梳妆打扮上的时间也不得不延长，以维持其有效性。A. saved拯救；B. extended延伸；C. consumed消费，消耗；D. gained 获得。根据句意和语境可知，此处是指延长打扮时间。所以选B。【34题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：显然，需要一种更有效的梳理方式。A. common常见的，普遍的；B. efficient有效的；C. scientific科学的；D. thoughtful 考
98、虑周到的。根据上文的effectiveness可知这里是需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。所以选B。【35题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：因此，语言作为一种声音修饰进化而来，使人类能够通过一个更广泛的个人网络来交换信息，而不是通过一对一的身体接触来发展与更大的群体的关系。A. indirect间接的；B. daily日常的；C. physical物理的，身体的；D. secret 秘密的。根据上文语境可知，此处是指身体的接触。所以选C。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。本题第8小题，根据下文的描述By means of g
99、rooming可知教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所以答案为“行为”；本题第12小题，根据上文：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来，可知此处是“缓解”。第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A painter hangs his or her finished p
100、ictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it _36_ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a perf
101、ormer as a medical student needs _37_(become) a doctor. Most training is concerned_38_ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords (声带) would be inadequate without_39_(control) muscular suppo
102、rt. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,_40_ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists _41_(spare) this particular anxiety, fo
103、r the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuners responsibility to tune the instrument for_42_ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The
104、 problem_43_(face) student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and_44_ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Gr
105、eat artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music_45_ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.【答案】36. until/before 37. to become 38. with 39. controlled 40. which 41. are spared 42. them 43. facing 44. how 45. that【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，画家和作曲家的区别，作曲家写一首作品，由演奏
106、者演奏，因此职业歌手和演奏家责任很大。【36题详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：作曲家写一首作品，但直到演奏时人们才能听到/在演奏之前没有人能听到。由句意可知，此处是时间状语从句，应使用until或before引导。故填until或before。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个学音乐的学生要成为一名表演者需要长期而艰苦的训练，就像一个学医的学生要成为一名医生一样。固定搭配need to do sth.“需要做某事”，此处用动词不定式（to do）形式。故填to become。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：大多数训练都与技术有关，因为音乐家必须像运动员或芭蕾舞演员一样有肌肉技巧。固定搭配be
107、 concerned with“与有关”。故填with。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：歌手们每天练习呼吸，因为如果没有受控的肌肉支撑，他们的声带将是不够的。动词control和名词短语muscular support是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词表被动，做名词短语muscular support的前置定语。故填controlled。【40题详解】考查定语从句。句意：弦乐演奏者练习左手手指上下移动，同时用右臂前后拉弓，这是两种完全不同的动作。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句的内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。【41题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：
108、钢琴家不必担心，因为音符已经在那里了，钢琴调音师有责任为他们调音。此处缺乏谓语，讲的是事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Pianists和谓语动词spare是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语Pianists是复数，谓语也用复数形式。故填are spared。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：钢琴家不必担心，因为音符已经在那里了，钢琴调音师有责任为他们调音。此处用宾格代词them指代Pianists。故填them。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面向学生指挥家的问题是，他们必须学会了解音乐的每一个音符以及它应该如何发音，他们需要以热情但无私的权威来控制这些声音。主句已有谓语is，且无连词，动词f
109、ace用非谓语形式，名词The problem和动词face是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词，表主动，做名词The problem的后置定语。故填facing。【44题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：面向学生指挥家的问题是，他们必须学会了解音乐的每一个音符以及它应该如何发音，他们需要以热情但无私的权威来控制这些声音。此处做know的宾语从句，从句缺乏连接词，由句意可知，此处表方式，应用连接副词how。故填how。【45题详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：伟大的艺术家是那些完全精通音乐语言的人，以至于他们可以欣赏任何一个世纪的作品。由句意可知，此处用sothat“如此以至于”引导的结果状语从句。故填that
110、。第三部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分)46. 假定你是你班英语科代表李华，得知许多同学长时间在网上学习英语。就此请你用英语给你班同学发一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 陈述长时间在网上学习造成的影响；2. 你的建议（控制时间，多种形式相结合等）。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【答案】Dear classmates,Im sorry to learn that many of us have spent too much time learning English on the Internet, which can obviously
111、 do harm to our bodies, especially eyesight. Thus, as the representative of English class, I want to offer the following suggestions to you.First of all, we can limit online study time to thirty minutes a time. Secondly, we should combine various forms of English learning. Thats to say, online Engli
112、sh learning should be reasonably combined with offline English learning. In fact, we have a lot of things to do besides staying on the Internet, such as doing some written assignments and relaxing ourselves once in a while.In short, lets study together healthily and effectively.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这
113、是一篇应用文。要求写一封电子邮件给同学们，说明长时间网上学习的影响并提出相关意见。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 写出背景信息，自己的得知同学们长时间网上学习，表达自己的意图。 2. 长时间网上学习的影响（do harm to our bodies） 3. 提出建议 1）限制上网时间（limit online study time） 2）结合多种途径学习英语（combine various forms of English learning） 3）做一些其他的事情
114、（do some written assignments and practice spoken English）第二步：列提纲（重点词组）do harm to; combined with; In fact; spoken English; once in a while第三步：连词成句1. Im sorry to learn that many of us have spent too much time learning English on the Internet, which can obviously do harm to our bodies, especially eyesi
115、ght.2. As the representative of English class, I want to offer some suggestions.3. We can limit online study time.4. We should combine various forms of English learning5. Online English learning should be combined with offline English learning. 6. We have a lot of things to do, such as doing some wr
116、itten assignments and practicing spoken English once in a while.7. Lets study together healthily and effectively.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furtherm
117、ore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n./doing, On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第
118、五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：Im sorry to learn that many of us have spent too much time learning English on the Internet, which can obviously do harm to our bodies, especially eyesight.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，除此之外还有一些固定搭配如do harm to; combined with; In fact; sp
119、oken English; once in a while等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节 (满分25分)47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。My name is John and I must share with you an event which took place on Flight 1553 out of DCA. My wife and I were traveling to Miami to celebrate an achievement for
120、her and as you can imagine, we were looking forward to fun, sun and laughter.We boarded the aircraft, without a care in the world. It was cold in Washington and we were ready for Florida. Shortly after taking my seat, I began to feel sick. I knew something wasnt right but just couldnt find out what
121、was happening .Being a doctor and a stubborn man, I resisted efforts by my wife to call for assistance. As the aircraft began its departure roll, I lost consciousness for a short amount of time. As I came around, I quickly realized a few things. Firstly, something very bad had happened to me .Second
122、ly, the aircraft was too heavy with the fuel to go back home. Thirdly, my loss of consciousness had been so deep that I found myself out of control. So not only did I have a medical issue to deal with, but I also had to figure out how to deal with an embarrassing experience.My wife gathered the crew
123、 as soon as it was safe to move about and I made my way to the washroom to attempt to clean up. I did my best and the flight crew members were so supportive,checking on me often and reassuring me that there was nothing to be embarrassed about. It was their sympathy and support that helped me so much
124、. During the flight they kept watching over me and I suddenly had a small group of nurse, bringing blankets, food, drinks and caring and smile. I was thankful to them.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2. 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语；Paragraph 1： Upon landing, I remai
125、ned in my seat, allowing other people to go first._Paragraph 2：Hearing that , the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans._【答案】Upon landing, I remained in my seat, allowing other people to go first. As I was in my seat, I looked up and see the captain stand
126、ing with a warm smile. “What can I do for you?” the captain asked. I told him I was ok. I was very embarrassed and concerned because of the previous things. He said, “What sizes of pants do you wear?” His voice was full of care. I was puzzled and replied,“34*34.Why do you ask this?”Paragraph 2：Heari
127、ng that, the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans. The man opened his own luggage and gave a complete stranger his pants. I didnt know what to say. Then I looked at my wife, who smiled and ,without saying a word, let me know it was ok. I made my way to t
128、he exit and he said ,“Change on the aircraft. It is fine.”Because of the experience, I was thankful to him for his kindness. I made up my mind to treat others with kindness.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，作者讲述了自己乘坐Flight 1553时发生的故事。作者登机后不久就感到不舒服，甚至还失去意识。幸运的是全机组人员都来支持帮助，给予各方面的关心。续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：飞机
129、一着陆，我留在座位上，让别人先走。所以下文应该写在这期间遇到了什么人，发生了什么事。根据第二段开头可知是遇到了机长，机长给作者提供了帮助。第二段开头是：听到这个消息，机长离开了，几分钟后带着他自己的蓝色牛仔裤回来了。本段应该写我看到机长举动后的所思所做，最后作者表达了感激之情，下定决心要善待他人。续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。I told him I was ok. 中包含了宾语从句；Then I looked at my wife, who smiled and ,without saying a word, let me know it was ok.运用了定语从句和宾语从句。
