1、Section Grammar & Writing被动语态阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife，Claire.2By that time，Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.3What a sweet victory to be envied by those women.英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。一、被动语态的基本构
2、成和用法1被动语态由“be过去分词”构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时shall/willbedone过去将来时should/wouldbedone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendone将来完成时shall/willhavebeendone过去将来完成时should/wouldhavebeendoneEducation must be p
3、aid enough attention to before a country makes great progress in technology.教育必须被足够重视，一个国家的科技才能取得大的进步。Some volunteers will be sent to the remote village to help improve the education there.一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助改善那里的教育。Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。二、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式所修饰的名词或
4、代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。动词不定式一般式的被动形式(to be done)表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后；动词不定式完成式的被动形式(to have been done)则表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。1句法功能作主语Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。名师点津(1)动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。It is an honour to be invited to speak here.能被邀请在
5、这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事。(2)单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To be adopted by a key university is difficult for him.对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的。作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。名师点津有些动词，如want，need，require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式或动名词形
6、式的主动形式。The house wants to be repaired/repairing.这座房子需要修理了。These flowers need to be watered/watering once a day.这些花需要每天浇一次水。作宾语补足语He wanted the boy to be punished for telling lies.他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚。作定语He is not a man to be defeated easily.他不是一个很容易被打败的人。作状语She is sent abroad to be trained.她被送到国外培训。2不定式的
7、主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见结构动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do 与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)对比：Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主被动关系，只和前面letter构成动宾关系)在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结
8、构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难做出来。在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。be to blame常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for s
9、tarting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？.单句语法填空 【导学号：29180008】1They asked (send) to the west of China to work as teachers.2I am glad (give) a chance to improve my English.3It is a great honour for him (elect) a model worker.4He wanted the letter (type) at once.5. It is the first such project (design) by Chinese e
10、ngineers.【答案】1.to be sent2.to be given3.to be elected4.to be typed5.to be designed.完成句子1残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。The disabled dont like 2能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸。It is a great honor to the English club.3据说这次会议已经被取消了。The meeting is said 4他命令在月内建成这座桥。He ordered the bridge within the month.5得到如此多的帮助，她很高兴。She was glad 【答案
11、】1.to be laughed at2.to be invited3.to have been cancelled4.to be built5.to have been given so much help想象类作文想象类作文的命题方式多是给出简单要点或图表等，要求考生在此基础上进行合理想象。因此，此类文章的写作属于半开放式作文。半开放式作文也是近几年高考书面表达的一个热点。想象类作文对考生的能力要求较高，考查也更加全面。它不仅考查考生的语言表达能力和组织能力，而且还考查考生的想象能力、发散思维能力以及多角度、全方面思考问题的能力。写这类文章要注意以下几点：1要根据题目要求和提示，确定好主题
12、并围绕主题展开合理而全面的想象，切忌根据自己的喜好而随意想象；2要注意人称及时态的正确运用；3要有丰富的表达方式，大胆使用一些较高级词汇及较复杂句式。亮点句式1Have you ever thought about the life with robots in the next 50 years?2We can imagine everything will be done easily and automatically.3It is hard to predict what exactly the future will be like，but to express imaginary
13、ideas in our minds is another thing.4People can live up to 150 years.5Children are glad to jump on the Moon.6We held a discussion about.in the future.7With the development of science and.，our life will be surely.8We could have a great life.9In the future more and more.will appear.10Most people think
14、 that the life in the future will.11Man will have to find another planet to live on，and.12This is the life that I am looking forward to.写作任务根据下面的说明写一篇作文，词数80左右。30年后的机器人会是什么样的？假如你是一名中学生，叫林涛，发挥你的想象力，构想30年后的机器人，它叫什么名字？它是什么样子的外观？最主要的是它能为你做些什么？你认为你的机器人怎么样？审题谋篇体裁记叙文话题未来机器人时态一般将来时/一般现在时人称第一、三人称遣词造句.词汇1 产品2
15、 包括3 帮助(做)某事4 代替，而不是【答案】1.product2.include3.help sb.with sth./assist sb.with sth.4.instead of.句式1I always have a dream to own a robot in 2046.It is called Superman.(用定语从句合并句子)I always have a dream to own a robot in 2046 that/which is named Superman.2It will be a product of AI(artifical intelligence)
16、and it can do many things for me.It includes cleaning the floor which I hate to do most.(用非谓语动词连接两个句子)It will be a product of AI(artifical intelligence)and it can do so many things for me，including cleaning the floor which I hate to do most.妙笔成篇 【参考范文】My name is Lin Tao.I always have a dream to own
17、a robot in 2046 that/which is named Superman.It will be a product of AI(artifical intelligence)and it can do so many things for me，including cleaning the floor which I hate to do most.It could cook the meals anytime for my family.It could send me to school and fetch me from school instead of my parents.It can dress me in the morning.Added up to all，it could also be my teachers，teaching me English and math！What an amazing robot it will be!