1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Section Grammar & Writingving形式作状语阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1Having worked hard all day，I went to bed early.2Looking carefully at the ground，I made my way to the edge of the crater.3Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano w
2、ill flow next and how fast.一、动词ing形式的时态、语态及意义动词形式意义以do为例一般式doing主动式doing与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生被动式being done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生以do为例完成式having done主动式having done与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生被动式having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生Hearing the news，they immediately set off.听到这个消息，他们立即出
3、发了。Having written a letter，I listened to music for a while.写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。Having been held back by the traffic jam，she couldnt get there on time.她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。二、动词ing形式作状语的种类现在分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，用来修饰谓语动词，常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随、让步等情况，并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。1表示时间动词ing形式在句中作时间状语，可对应转化为when，after等引
4、导的时间状语从句。Having made full preparations(After we have made full preparations)，we are ready for the examination.做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。Hearing the result(When I heard the result)，I couldnt help jumping.听到这个结果，我情不自禁地跳了起来。2表示原因动词ing形式在句中作原因状语，可对应转化为as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。Being ill(As he was ill)，he was
5、sent to hospital.由于生病了，他被送去了医院。Having lived in the city many years(Since I had lived in the city many years)，I knew it well.因为在这个城市住了多年，所以我对它很了解。3表示伴随或方式动词ing形式作伴随或方式状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生。作伴随或方式的动词ing短语相当于and连接的并列成分。The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(and they sang and
6、 danced)女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time (and stared at the sky for a long time)他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。4表示条件(一般位于句首)动词ing形式作条件状语，相当于if，once等引导的条件状语从句。Working hard at your lessons(If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就会成功的。Not making good use of the t
7、ime(If you dont make good use of the time)，youll regret.如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。5表示结果可以与so.that.引导的结果状语从句相互转换，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。A number of new machines were installed in the factory，thus resulting in an increase in production.A number of new machines were installed in the factory，which resulted in an increa
8、se in production.这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而产量增加了。6表示让步可以与though/even though 引导的让步状语从句转换。Admitting what she said，I still think she hasnt tried her best.Although I admit what she said，I still think she hasnt tried her best.尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽到最大的努力。三、使用动词ing 形式需注意的几个问题1动词ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格
9、结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。Being ill ，he didnt attend the meeting.因为生病，他没有出席会议。(he 与 being ill 是逻辑上的主谓关系He was ill.)She being ill，her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。The meeting being over，we went to play football.会议一结束，我们就去踢足球了。2独立成分作状语有些动词ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明
10、说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：generally speaking一般说来strictly speaking严格说来judging from/by根据来判断considering./taking.into consideration考虑到supposing假设；如果providing如果assuming假使saving除了；除非Talking of the world resources，they are very limited.谈到世界资源，它们是非常有限的。3动词ing 形式的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not，never等否定词。Not knowing how to
11、 find the subway，I asked a policeman for help.我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。名师点津如何确定分词的形式动词ing形式作状语是高考的热点之一。要做好这类题，在确定不存在连词、独立主格结构或悬垂分词用法的情况下，要根据分词与逻辑主语之间的关系决定用动词ing形式还是动词ed形式，然后再根据分词动作和主句谓语动词动作的时间先后来确定用一般式还是完成式。.单句语法填空1 (open)the window，you will see the garden below.2Generally (speak)，as a foreign language Ch
12、inese is more difficult to learn than English.3 (wait) in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. 【导学号：33100030】4 (not make)full preparations，we decided to put off the meeting till next week.5The train (go)，we had to wait for another day.【答案】1.Open
13、ing2.speaking3.Having waited4Not having made5.having gone.完成句子1门上贴着一个条子，写着这家商店何时再开门。Theres a note stuck on the door saying 2由于为电脑比赛准备得很好，他获得了一等奖。 the computer competition quite well，he won the first prize.3这消息令公众震惊，引起人们对在校学生安全的极大关注。The news shocked the public， students safety at the school.4沿这条路直走，你
14、会找到那家百货商店的。 ，youll find the department store.5那场火燃烧了一星期，没有剩下任何值钱的东西。The fire lasted a week， 【答案】1.when the shop will open again2Having prepared for3.leading to great concern about4.Going straight down the road5.leaving nothing valuable介绍旅游景点旅游景点介绍属于描述性说明文，在写作时要注意以下几点：1确定阅读对象：旅游景点介绍。2选准描写角度：根据写作需要确定用
15、第一人称还是第三人称进行描写。因为不同的人称会影响写作内容的选择和写作目的的定位，如第一人称有助于增加描写的真实感。3用好描写次序：描写景观时把握从整体概述到细节刻画的方法，灵活使用定点描写(同一角度描写多个景观)和定景描写(景观不变，更换观察角度)的手法。处理好空间位置的转化。4突出语言特色：以描写为主要写作手法，对景物进行介绍，并适当抒发个人感情。为此在写作中要根据内容提示，筛选可能用到的描述该景点的形容词，同时既要恰当、灵活地运用词汇，又要避免同一词汇的单词重复。5抓住典型特征：在描写中要做到重点突出，详略得当。可以把景点和周围环境及景点的历史意义等结合起来。6把握文章时态：文章的时态通
16、常采用一般现在时，用于强调客观事实。亮点句式1.lie in/on/to the east/west/north/south of.2Located in.，.covers an area of.3Situated in.，.is paradise for.4.is located/situated in/to/on.，covering an area of.5.has become the most popular tourist attraction for.6.be known/ famous for/ as.7It has a population of.，with a history
17、 of.8The weather here gets neither too cold nor too hot all the year around.9If you come to.for a visit，you will have a chance to enjoy.10A trip to.will give you a glimpse of the happy lifestyle of.11.known as.，attracts visitors from all over the world.12A walk around.is a feast for your eyes.写作任务写一
18、篇80词左右的短文介绍华山。要点如下：1华山位于陕西省华阴县，是我国著名的五岳(Five Sacred Mountains)之一。2华山有五座山峰(peak)，分别为东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰。3可以步行上山，也可乘索道(ropeway)或缆车(cable car)。审题谋篇体裁说明文话题景点介绍时态一般现在时人称第三人称遣词造句.词汇1位于 2作为而闻名 3吸引你的目光 4在的路上 5欣赏风景 【答案】1.lie in/be located in/be situated in2.be famous as3.attract your attention/catch your eyes 4on
19、 the way to5.enjoy/appreciate the scenery.句式1It has five main peaks.They are the East Peak，the West Peak，the South Peak，the North Peak and the Middle Peak.(用定语从句合并句子) 2You can climb to the top on foot，taking the ropeway，or riding in a cable car，and along the way you can enjoy the scenery.(用定语从句改写) 【
20、答案】1.It has five main peaks，which are the East Peak，the West Peak，the South Peak，the North Peak and the Middle Peak.2.You can climb to the top on foot，taking the ropeway，or riding in a cable car，where you can enjoy the scenery.妙笔成篇 【参考范文】Mount HuaMount Hua，famous as one of the Five Sacred Mountains
21、of China，is located in Huayin，Shaanxi Province.It has five main peaks，which are the East Peak，the West Peak，the South Peak，the North Peak and the Middle Peak.At the foot of the mountain，the waterfalls will first attract your attention.You can climb to the top on foot，taking the ropeway，or riding in
22、a cable car，where you can enjoy the scenery.Now it is attracting more and more people.Why not pay a visit there?学业分层测评（十五）.完成句子1那小孩摔了一跤，头碰到了门上。The child fell， against the door.2到过很多的地方旅游，他知道的很多。 many places，he knows a lot.3向左转，你就会找到那家银行。 ，youll find the bank.4从山上看，我们发现这湖泊更加漂亮了。 ，we find that the lak
23、e looks more beautiful.5他们坐在花园里谈论一起度过的日子。They sat in the garden， they spent together.【答案】1.striking his head2.Having travelled to3Turning left4.Seeing from the hill5.talking about the days.阅读理解Wind，water，fire and icethese powerful natural forces shaped the land of America in the past.They are still
24、changing it today.The Colorado River slowly cut down through stone to make the Grand Canyon(大峡谷)Wind and rain storms hit the land from time to time.Fires sometimes burn down forests and destroy the homes of wild animals.This happened in Yellowstone Park in 1998.Dead volcanic(火山) mountains such as Ha
25、leakaia on Maui and Crater Lake in Oregon are beautiful to look at.But there are several active volcanoes in the US，especially along the Pacific Coast.There are also many earthquakes in this area.Scientists can do nothing to control earthquakes or volcanoes.This was shown clearly on May 10，1980.At 8
26、：32 that morning，Mount St.Helens in Washington state erupted.The top of the mountain was blown off.Over 60 peoplecampers，scientists，journalists，and forest workers were killed.Hundreds of square miles of forests were knocked down.In towns over 100 miles away，day suddenly became night.An ash cloud hid
27、 the sun for many hours.Towns and fields in Washington，Oregon，and Idaho were covered with dirty gray ash.Scientists knew that Mount St.Helens might erupt soon.But no one could say when.Scientists had asked people to move away because the volcano was becoming dangerous.But Harry Truman would not leav
28、e his home.Now it is covered with many feet of dirty ash.But slowly，life is returning to the dead area around the mountain.Grass and small plants are becoming to grow again.Deer and birds have been seen.The land will never be the same as it once was.Perhaps Mount St.Helens will erupt again.But this
29、is all part of natures pattern of change，and man has little power to control it.1What is the best title for this passage?AWind，Water，Fire and IceBVolcanos Beauty and DangerCThe Power of NatureDNatural Forces Shape Beautiful Land of America【解析】主旨大意题。作者是想通过 the Grand Canyon 的形式过程向我们描述自然的力量。【答案】C2There
30、 are several active volcanoes in the US，which mainly lie Aalong the Colorado RiverBin Yellowstone ParkCalong the Pacific CoastDin Washington，Oregon，and Idaho【解析】细节理解题。从第三段第二句话“But there are several active volcanoes in the US，especially along the Pacific Coast.”可知美国境内的活火山主要分布在太平洋沿岸。【答案】C3The underlin
31、ed word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to“ ”Athe body of old HarryBthe location of Harrys homeCthe opening on the top of Mount St.HelensDthe place where Harry probably died【解析】词义猜测题。该段提到“But Harry Truman would not leave his home”，接下来文章说“Now it is covered with many feet of dirty ash”，因此it 在这里指 Harrys hom
32、e。【答案】B4We can infer from this passage that AWashington and Oregon are neighboring statesBthe Colorado River runs through Yosemite ValleyCthe eruption of Mount St.Helens also caused trouble with the Yellowstone ParkDscientists never knew Mount St.Helens was active【解析】推理判断题。从第四段可以看出，当华盛顿州的圣劳伦斯火山爆发时，W
33、ashington，Oregon 和 Idaho 的城镇和田地布满了火山灰，由此我们推断Washington，Oregon 以及Idaho 是三个相邻的州。【答案】A.语法填空 【导学号：33100045】(2016新疆兵团高二模拟)Making new friends means1. (ask) others not only to accept you，but to like you and want to be around you as well.2. (fortunate)，there is an easy way to do it，and just take the followi
34、ng advice.3 first step to make new friends is understanding your disadvantages.A lot of times people 4. are interested in making new friends dont know why they dont have friends .They cant see that 5. (they) own actions are working against them.Once you can know what is stopping you 6. making new fr
35、iends，you need to work through these problems.This can be painful 7. it will make you uncomfortable.The next step is to shine on these social occasions so that others will leave with a positive 8. (impress)If you find social situations hard，just rely on a few simple rules.When you feel 9. (confidenc
36、e) that youve made some great new friends，get out there and celebrate with them! No matter what you decide to do，the important thing is 10. (celebrate)your new friends and hopefully continue developing more.1【解析】mean表示意味着，后面接doing形式。【答案】asking2【解析】句意：幸运地是，有一条简单的方法可以遵循。【答案】Fortunately3【解析】the first s
37、tep交新朋友的第一步。序数词前加the。【答案】The4【解析】主句的谓语动词为dont know，此处为定语从句，who/ that指人在定从中作主语成分，意为“很多时候，那些热衷于交新朋友的人不知道他们为什么没有新朋友。”【答案】who/that5【解析】句意：他们自己的行动正和他们期望的背道而驰。【答案】their6【解析】stop sb.from doing阻止某人做某事。【答案】from7【解析】句意：这样肯定是很痛苦的，因为这样你自己将会远离舒适的境地。【答案】because8【解析】形容词 positive 修饰名词。【答案】impression9【解析】feel 后接形容词作
38、表语，意为“感觉到自信的”。【答案】confident10【解析】句意：不管你决定做什么，都要为新朋友庆祝，并且满怀希望地去交更多的朋友。【答案】to celebrate.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroomOne night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to res
39、cue the child.The fire spread quickly，and the situation was terrible.Neighbors called the fire department，then stood helplessly by，unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances.The little girl appeared at an upstairs window，crying for help，just as word spread among the crowd tha
40、t the firefighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire.Suddenly，a man appeared with a ladder，put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside.When he reappeared，he had the little girl in his arms.He delivered the child to the waiting arms below，then dis
41、appeared into the night.An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives，and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up.A teacher said she would like to raise the child.She pointed out that she could ensure h
42、er a good educationA farmer offered her an upbringing(教养) on his farm.He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying.Others spoke，giving their reasons why it was to the childs advantage to live with them.Finally，the towns richest resident rose and said，“I can give this child all the
43、 advantages that you have mentioned here，plus money and everything that money can buy.”Throughout all this，the child remained silent，her eyes on the floor.“Does anyone else want to speak？”asked the meeting chairman.A man came forward from the back of the hall.He walked slowly and appeared to be in p
44、ain.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：When he got to the front of the room，he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. Paragraph 2：When asked about her choice，the girl gave people the reasons firmly. 【参考范文】Whe
45、n he got to the front of the room，he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms.His hands and arms were terribly scarred.The little girl cried out，“This is the man who rescued me！”With a leap，she threw her arms around the mans neck.She buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed
46、 for a few moments.Then she looked up and smiled，stating happily she would live with him.When asked about her choice，the girl gave people the reasons firmly.She said in a low but determined voice，“I really desire to get a good education that will give me chances to live my dreams.Besides，I know that money means a lot to me since I have no relatives to rely on.But its the man who saved my life when I was desperately facing a fire like that.Without him，I wouldnt be here，waiting for a new choice.I hope that I can do whatever I can to pay back his kindness.”- 13 - 版权所有高考资源网
