1、Grammar:1. Non-restrictive attributive clauses非限制性定语从句 Practice: Finish the attributive clauses below: 1. Thelesson_ we studied yesterdaywashardtounderstand. 2.Youcantakeanybook_ interests youbest.3.Peopleliketoliveinaplace_ theres fresh air and little noise.4.Thegirl_ you saw at the meeting isawell
2、-known swimmer.5.Heistheveryworker_ picture we sawinthenewspaperyesterday.6.Hewasveryhappyontheday_ he enteredtheuniversity.7.Ineverreallyunderstandthereason_hemadesuchaserious mistake.8.Dontreadsuchbooks_youcannot understand.9.Isthatthestudent_ youlent your dictionary?10.Isthisthenewnovel_youhaveta
3、lkedsomuch?11.Thelittlehero,_hasgivenhislifefor his country, willalways liveinthe heart of thepeople.(which / that; that; where; who(m) / that; whose; when / on which; why; as; to whom; which/ that; who)Question:Whats the difference between No. 10 and No. 11? (No. 10 is a restrictive clause while No
4、. 11 with a comma is a non-restrictive clause.)Explanation:1.定语从句(attributive clauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有: which(指物), that(既可指人又可指物), who(指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语), whom (指人，在定语从句中作宾语),whose(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有: when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因)等。2. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive )和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从
5、句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。Practice:Try to find the attributive clauses in the Reading section on page 42-43 and tell their functions.restrictive attributive clauses:1. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.2. We shouldnt be ashamed of the way we look, should we?
6、3. This is really a touching storya stranger who donated part of his liver to a girl he doesnt even know!non-restrictive attributive clauses:1. My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.2. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are qu
7、ite popular among young women here.3. Then the doctor found someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me. 4. Its the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.Differen
8、ces:Example 11. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.Conclusion: 当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。Example 21. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。(不只一位姐姐)2. I have a sister, who works in a
9、hospital. 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。(只有一位姐姐)3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。(杂志有两类)4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。(杂志只有一类)Conclusion: 1. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切, 是先行词不可缺少的部分, 如果去掉它，主句意
10、思往往不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。Example 31. This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。3. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思, 这使我心烦。Conclusion: 1
11、. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词、关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词, 又可修饰整个主句, 不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。Practice1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, will visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black, with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.4
12、. Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.8. _ we all know, he is good at English.(who; whom; which; which;
13、 when; where; which; As)非限制性定语从句考点归纳：1. as 和which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句。1. As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history.众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner.她是个教师, 这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。4. He invit
14、ed me to dinner, which made me very happy. 他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。Conclusion: 1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时, 常带有“正如”的意思，往往表示说话人的一种意见和看法。Practic
15、e:1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is expected, the England team won the football match. 4. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.5. _ we can see, the smoke c
16、ame from the little dustbin.(which; which; As; which; As)II. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句1. He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.Conclusion: 在非限制性定语从句中,不定代词 all/ some/ one
17、/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。Correction:1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.3. Half a mi
18、llion pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health. (1. which whom; 2. whom them; 3. whom which; 4. which whom; 5. them which 或 all 前加and)