1、Section Developing ideas & Presenting ideas词汇预习夯实基础.认知词汇知其意1false adj. _2amount n. _3device n. _4standby adj. _5mode n. _6electricity n. _7leak v. _8appliance n. _9plug n. _.拓展词汇知变形1_ n多数，大多数(人或物)major adj.主要的2_ n电electric adj.电的，电动的3_ v移走，搬走，去掉removal n移动，调动4_ v促成，造成(某事发生)contribution n捐款，贡献.短语互译1I
2、t depends _2take steps _3mistake. for. _4break down _5go into standby mode _6common sense _7在有些情况下 _8将考虑在内 _9号召某人做某事 _10提高的意识 _.重点句型1倍数表达法然而，制造一个纸袋所消耗的能源是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。However, _ uses _ much energy _ making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.2It is/was. that/who.强调句型消耗
3、最多能源和产生最多温室气体的是食品生产，而不是食品运输。_ the production of food, not its transport, _ uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.预习验收对接课堂.单词拼写1A _(大多数) of people dont take this severe problem seriously.2A country should have a large _(数量) of grain in reserve to distribute to victims of n
4、atural disasters.3Before leaving home, you must turn off the electric _ (设备，装置) and pull out the plugs.4They _(移走) the damaged vehicles in order to restore traffic.5Today police began a _(活动) to reduce road accidents.6Farmers _(敦促) the local government to help solve the drought.7As the _(平均的) age of
5、 the population increases, we need to establish a sound pension system.8The improvement of awareness can _ (促成) to the sustainable development of the environment.短语填空the majority of, take. into account, be damaged by, call on, contribute to, mistake. for., turn off, depend on1He was the sort of pers
6、on you could _2Youd better _ the water supply before carrying out repairs.3We often _ the little girl _ her twin sister, for they are quite similar.4We hope your suggestion will _ solving the problem.5Onethird of the country is covered with trees and _ the citizens are black people.6We should think
7、out some ways to stop polluting the river, and _ people to fight against pollution.7This piano was bought by my father 10 years ago, but it _ my sister yesterday.8To our disappointment, he refused to _ the whole situation _.完成句子1我是今天早上在街上遇到我的一个老朋友的。_ this morning _I met an old friend of mine in the
8、street.2不管对年轻人还是老人而言，走路都是一种很好的锻炼方式。_ a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.3为确保他在家，我提前给他打了个电话。_ that he was at home, I called him up in advance.4他们号召人们和政府采取措施反对它。They call on people and the government to _ fight against it.5地球是月球的49倍大吗？Is the earth fortynine times _ the moon？阅读研析合作学
9、习.框架建构：整体理解.文本剖析：细节探究1Why does the writer write the passage?AHe wants to introduce some new ways to save energy.BHe wants to correct the false green truths and show really green ones.CHe wants to call on more people to protect the environment.D.He wants to explain the importance of energy saving.2In
10、 the following, which one is not the disadvantage of plastic bags?ACausing litter.BBeing treated as food by wild animals.CTaking much more time to break down.DUsing much more energy to produce.3Which one is true according to the fifth paragraph?A.Leaving a device in standby mode is environmentfriend
11、ly.BOlder devices use less energy than new ones.CRemoving the plug from power supply will stop using power.DUsing electric devices as little as possible is the best way to save energy.4Why do people prefer to eat local food?ABecause it can save the energy used to transport.B.Because it tastes better
12、 than the food transported far away.C.Because its production uses less energy.DBecause it produces less greenhouse gas.5According to the passage, when should you take a shower?AAnytime you like.BWhen you spend less than 8 minutes in a shower.CWhen your bath is quite large.DWhen you use about 50 litr
13、es of water.重点句式补全1塑料袋会变成垃圾，对野生动物来说是一种危险，它们会把塑料袋误认为是食物。Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, _ them _ food.2然而，制造一个纸袋的耗能是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。However, _ uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.3为了确保你的电器彻底关闭，请把插头从电源上拔下来
14、。_ your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.4消耗最多能源和产生最多温室气体的是食品的生产，而不是运输。_ the production of food, not its transport, _ uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.原文研读立体透析词汇积累aware adj.意识到的，知道的be aware of意识到awareness n意识take care of照顾，注意majority/md
15、rti/n.多数，大多数(人或物)the majority of大量的take steps to do sth.(take measures to do sth.)采取措施做某事false /fls/adj.不正确的，错误的a danger to.对有危险/威胁dangerous adj.有危险的mistake. for.把误当作break down分解；发生故障；失败because of(as a result of/as a consequence of)由于up to多达；忙于；一直到；相当于amount/mant/n.数量，数额the amount of 的数量in fact(as a
16、 matter of fact)事实上，实际上be bad for对有害处be good for 对有益处device/dvas/n.设备，仪器，装置standby/stndba/adj.备用的mode/md/n.(机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式standby mode待机状态electricity/lektrsti/n.电cut off electricity切断电源electric adj.电的；电动的electrical adj.有关电的leak/lik/v.(使)漏，(使)渗漏appliance/plans/n家用电器，家用器具apply v申请；应用apply for申请remo
17、ve/rmuv/v.移走，搬走，去掉(21) plug/pl/n.(电)插头(22)transport v运输(23)take. into account (take. into consideration)把考虑进去(24)depend on(rely on)依靠；依赖；取决于(25)litre/lit/ n升，公升(26)be worth doing sth.值得做某事be worthy to do sth./be worthy of doing sth.值得做某事Its worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事教材原文Whats really green?Most
18、 of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green?？Paper shop
19、ping bags are better than plastic ones.Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for_food 【1】. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down 【2】， but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.【1】
20、which引导非限制性定语从句。【2】本句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构to break down。 It takes/took sb./sth. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人/某物时间去做某事”。However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water 【3】. The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
21、【3】本句中making a paper bag为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，后面是as. as结构表达倍数。In fact， both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping 【4】【4】本句为主从复合句，主句为祈使句，以动词原形take开头，表示“建议”的语气，从句为when引导的时间状语从句。? When you turn off a device， it stops using power.When we turn off a
22、 device, such as television, it goes into standby mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in standby mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliance is in fact off 【5】， remove
23、the plug21 from its power supply.【5】To make sure.为动词不定式短语作目的状语，位于句首表示强调。？Eating local food is good for the environment.It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported22 long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfor
24、tunately, it is not that simple. It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases 【6】. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way awayeven taking into
25、 account23 its transport.【6】本句为Its. that.强调句型，强调主语the production of food, not its transport。强调句最大的特点就是去掉Its与that之后剩余的部分仍旧句意完整、结构完整。？Its better to take a shower than a bath.It depends on24 how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is 【7】. If you spend more than eight minutes in a showe
26、r, youll use as much water as in a bathabout 50 litres25 of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.【7】本句中how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is 为宾语从句，作动词短语depend on的宾语。Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But its worth checking 2
27、6 common ideas and opinions to see whats really green 【8】【8】to see.为不定式短语作目的状语，see后为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。课文译文什么是真正的环保？我们大多数人都意识到我们必须保护环境，我们中的大多数人都采取措施节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但最近，一些“绿色环保真相”被证明只有一半是正确的，甚至完全是错误的。下面是一些常见的环保观念。哪些是真正的环保呢？纸袋比塑料袋好。塑料袋会变成垃圾，对野生动物来说是一种危险，它们会把塑料袋误认为是食物。塑料需要几百年才能分解，但是纸分解的时间要短得多。正因为如此，人
28、们认为纸袋是更好的环保选择。然而，制造一个纸袋的耗能是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。这个过程也会产生更多的温室气体。事实上，这两种袋子都对环境有害。所以，购物时要随身携带一个可重复使用的袋子。？当你关掉一个设备时，它就停止耗电。当我们关掉电视等设备时，它就进入待机模式。这种模式下的设备仍然耗电，而待机模式下，设备越旧其耗电越多。发生这种情况的原因是，即使设备被“关闭”了，依然有电流从设备中流失。为了确保你的电器彻底关闭，请把插头从电源上拔下来。？吃本地食物对环境有好处。这似乎是常识：吃本地食物应该对环境更好，因为它不需要长途低温运输。不幸的是，事情没有那么简单。消耗最多能源和
29、产生最多温室气体的是食品的生产，而不是运输。在某些情况下，即使把运输考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。？洗淋浴比泡澡好。这取决于你淋浴的时间和浴缸的大小。如果你用超过8分钟的时间淋浴，你将使用可能和泡澡一样的水大约50升的水。因此，关键是尽量缩短淋浴时间。环保意识已成为日常生活的一部分。但有必要辨别一下常见的想法和观点，看看哪些才是真正绿色环保的。1.majority n多数，大多数(人或物)At the meeting, young people were in the majority.在会上，年轻人占大多数。The majority
30、prefer TV to radio.大多数人喜欢看电视多于听收音机。We have encountered major problems.我们遇上了大问题。What did you major in when you were in the university?你在大学主修什么专业？Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days.目前，只有极少数学生对政治感兴趣。 归纳探究(1)a/the majority ofmost of 大多数the majority 大众，大多数人be in th
31、e majority 占多数(2)major causes 主要原因major international companies 大跨国公司play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用(3)choose physics as ones major 选物理学作为某人的专业课(4)major in专业 主修专业major in chemistry 主修化学单词积累major adj.主要的vi主修minority n少数，少数民族联想拓展(1)the majority和the minority单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式；但
32、其后表语是复数时，谓语动词通常也要用复数。(2)“the/a majority of名词”用作主语，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。 即学即练单句语法填空With the prices going up, the majority of people _ (find) it hard to live on the amount of money they get now.The majority _ (be) on the Englands team, which greatly disappointed them.In fact, he inspires me to major _ En
33、glish in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.2.remove v移走，搬走，去掉，脱去，摘下，开除，使消失When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.当脂肪和盐从食物中被移除时，食物尝起来好像缺了什么东西似的。Because of the serious air pollution, the family decided to remove from the city to the cou
34、ntryside.由于空气污染严重，这家人决定从城市搬到乡下。The student removed his jacket and began to remove the ink in it.那个学生脱掉夹克，开始除去上面的墨水。 归纳探究remove.from. 把从移开/撤掉；从移走remove from.to. 从搬到remove ones doubt 消除某人的疑虑remove sb. from ones post/position 撤某人的职；开除某人remove sb. from school 把某人从学校开除；勒令某人退学熟词生义remove 摘掉(帽子)，脱掉(衣服)日常英语中
35、用take off。即学即练完成句子Youd better perform well to _ (消除他的疑虑).He _ (被开除了) the post because he broke the rules and regulations of the company by design.Only after he _ (摘掉墨镜) did I recognize him.3amount n数量，数额v共计，总计；相当于A good amount of sleep every night is important for your health.每晚大量的睡眠对你的健康是重要的。Large
36、amounts of water are needed for the cooling purpose.要达到降温的目的需要大量的水。No amount of money can equal memories like that.再多的金钱也比不上那样的回忆。The total cost of repairs amounted to $100.修理费用总计100美元。 归纳探究(1)a large amount of不可数名词(多接不可数名词)large amounts of不可数名词(多接不可数名词)no amount of 即使再大(或再多)的(也不)any amount of 无数的，大
37、量的(2)amount to 合计；等于即学即练单句语法填空A large amount of water _ (waste) every day.Large amounts of water _ (waste) every day.Their annual income amounted _ 90，000 yuan last year.4contribute v促成，造成(某事发生)；捐赠；贡献；投稿The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to the world.宋朝为世界贡献了三项伟大的发明。Every one of us
38、should make a contribution to our society.我们每个人都应该为社会做贡献。More and more carbon dioxide is being released into the air, contributing to the more severe global warming effects.越来越多的二氧化碳被释放到空气中，导致更严重的全球变暖效应。 归纳探究(1)contribute to 有助于；导致；为撰稿；为做贡献contribute.to/towards. 向捐赠；为贡献/捐献；为撰写contribute money to the
39、 floodstricken area 向洪灾区捐款(2)make contributions/a contribution to. 为做贡献make great contributions to. 为做出巨大的贡献单词积累contribution n捐款，贡献；捐赠contributor n投稿人；捐赠者联想拓展contribute to和make contributions/a contribution to中的to都是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。一言助记Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to
40、 his return to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press.许多人给那个贫穷的男孩捐款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一个关于此事的故事并把它投给了一家出版社。即学即练写出下列句中contribute的含义/单句语法填空She contributed a number of articles to the magazine._Alcohol contributes to many deaths a year in this country._The volunteers contri
41、bute much time to the activity._What does archaeology have to contribute _ modern society?The girl is intelligent and often contributes _ that newspaper.He got promoted for his _ (contribute) to the company.The famous writer is one of the several authors _ (contribute) to the book.5.average adj.平均(数
42、)的；普通的；平常的n平均数；一般水准v计算出的平均数As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人需要照顾。Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.弗雷迪是一个普通的学生，但不是一个普通人。He works hard and his grade is above average in his class.他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。
43、On average, men smoke more cigarettes than women.一般来说，男士比女士吸烟多。The amount of snow this year is below average.今年的降雪量低于平均水平。 归纳探究(1)on average 平均起来，一般来说above/below average 高于/低于平均水平up to the average 达到平均水平an average of 平均有the average of. 的平均数(2)an average rate/cost/price 平均比率/成本/价格an average student 一
44、名普通的学生(3)average out 算出平均数一言助记Toms work at school is above average, Jims below average and Jacks up to the average汤姆的学习成绩属于中上水平，吉姆的学习成绩属于中下水平，杰克的学习成绩属于平均水平。 即学即练单句语法填空The car is running at _ average speed of 50 kilometres an hour.According to the 13th National Reading Survey in China, every adult re
45、ad 5.16 printed books _ average.The best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves _ average.6.take. into account把考虑进去(take account of)Everything taken into account, its the best choice.一切因素考虑在内，这是最好的选择了。 归纳探究account for 是的原因，解释；(在数量或比例上)占gave sb. a (full) accoun
46、t of (详细)描述open/close an account 开户/销户on all accounts 无论如何on account of 因为，由于联想拓展on no account决不(在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)一言助记When buying an apartment, people usually take into account its price, position, surroundings and so on.买房时，人们通常会考虑房子的价格、位置、环境等因素。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Coursework is taken _ account as well as
47、 exam results.She has the habit of keeping an account _ her daily activities.It is said that body language accounts _ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.The poor weather may have _ (是的原因) the increase in the number of people who cough day and night.He was too shocke
48、d to _ (描述) what had happened.7.(教材P91)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而，制造纸袋所消耗的能源是塑料袋的四倍、用水量达到它的三倍。 句式解构本句four times as much as.为倍数的表达方法。倍数表达有以下几种形式：(1)倍数as形容词/副词的原级as其他(2)倍数形容词/副词的比较级than其他(3)倍数thesize/h
49、eight/weight/length/width/depth.of其他(4)倍数what从句The road is four times as long as it was three years ago.The road is four times the length of it three years ago.The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.The road is three times longer than it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。联想
50、拓展(1)上述结构中的“倍数”部分也可用分数、百分数代替。(2)表示两倍时，一般用twice/double; times表示“倍数”，一般用于表示三倍或三倍以上。即学即练单句语法填空Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost twice _ much as his.This department is twice _ (big) than that one.Our manager presented a report three times the _ (long) of mine.8(教材P91)It is the pro
51、duction of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.食物的生产，而不是运输，消耗了大部分的能源，产生了大部分的温室气体。 句式解构该句子主干It is the production of food that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.为强调句，强调主语the production of food。(1)强调句型的结构：It is/
52、was被强调部分that其他部分。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that其他部分？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分？(3)not. until. 的强调句型：It is/was not until. that其他部分。It was in the living room that Mary argued with her husband.Mary是在客厅与她的丈夫发生争论的。Was it yesterday that the building was damaged?这座建筑是在昨天被毁坏的吗？易错提示(1)强调句
53、型中的it不能用其他词代替。(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。要点必记判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。即学即练单句语法填空Who was it _ lost patience with you?_ was because Jack got up late that he missed the ferry.It was not until th
54、e professor came _ they began the test.It was the professor _ helped me a lot when I was at university.It is all of us that _ (have) a responsibility to protect the environment.单词拼写1As we know, China has become the largest trading partner for the _ (大多数) of its neighbors.2Though _ (敦促) to go to bed
55、many times, the little boy just turned a deaf ear and fixed his eyes on the cartoon.3It seems that water from this tap has been _ (漏) for several hours. I have to have this tap fixed.4_ (去除) the mud from your shoes before coming in, or you will make the floor dirty.5Sometimes smiles can be f_， hidin
56、g other feelings like anger, fear or worry.6Dont leave the lights on all day long. It is a waste of e_7The organization has decided to launch a c_ to raise money for the poor in the city.8According to the media, after the museum opened to the public, the number of visitors every day reached 30，000 o
57、n a_.选词填空take.into account, make use of, contribute to, call on, carry out, depend on, break down, come up with, turn off, environmentally friendly1The Eco Club decides to _ a survey at the start and end of the day to record how people go to work.2It may be fairly cheap to buy, but the money youll s
58、pend on the repair also needs to _3Some waste is difficult to _， so carrying out the household waste classification is quite necessary.4Please tell Tom not to leave the classroom unless he makes sure that all the lights are _5Hes not very reliable. You cant always _ him to do what he promises.6We _
59、people to learn from Lei Feng, who sets a good example to all of us.7Whoever _ a new idea of how to work out the puzzle will be given a prize.8The project will _ developing the economy and reducing poverty when it is completed.9This car is _ because it runs on electricity instead of gasoline.10The t
60、eacher suggested that spare time should _ to improve our spoken English.Section Developing ideas & Presenting ideas课前预习自主学习词汇预习夯实基础.认知词汇知其意1不正确的，错误的2.数量，数额3.设备，装置，仪器4备用的5.(机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式6.电7.(使)漏，(使)渗漏8.家用电器，家用器具9.(电)插头.拓展词汇知变形1majority2.electricity3.remove4.contribute.短语互译1视情况而定，看情况2.采取措施3.把误认为4
61、分解，出故障，失败5.进入待机状态6.常识7in some cases8.take. into account9.call on sb. to do sth.10.raise the awareness of.重点句型1making a paper bag; four times as; as2It is; that预习验收对接课堂.单词拼写1majority2.amount3.devices4.removed5.campaign6urged7.average8.contribute.短语填空1depend on2.turn off3.mistake; for4.contribute to5.
62、the majority of6.call on7.was damaged by8.take; into account.完成句子1It was; that2.Walking is3.To make sure4.take measures/steps to5.as large as阅读研析合作学习.框架建构：整体理解1half2.false3.bad4.standby5.Production6.better.文本剖析：细节探究1B2.D3.C4.A5.B.重点句式补全1which mistake; for2.making a paper bag3.To make sure4.It is; th
63、at要点精研探究学习1findwere/wasin2remove his doubtwas removed fromremoved his dark glasses3is wastedare wastedto4投稿造成；导致贡献totocontributionscontributing5anonabove6intoofforaccounted forgive an account of7asbiggerlength8thatItthatthat/whohave课时达标随堂自测.单词拼写1majority2.urged3.leaking4.Remove5.false6electricity7.campaign8.average.选词填空1carry out2.be taken into account3.break down4turned off5.depend on6.call ones up with8contribute to9.environmentally friendly10.be made use of
