1、2013高考英语北京市房山区单项选择专题训练（02）及答案（主谓一致）介休中学教学讲义教师姓名教学目标高考英语主谓一致重点、难点非谓语动词考点及考试要求知识要点解析高考英语主谓一致一、谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致1The results of the experiment show that you have all made good progress.（show)2Between the two buildings stands a monument. (stand)二、如果主语是一个抽象概念,谓语动词用单数1Growing vegetables needs constant wat
2、ering. (need)2That we have made brilliant achievements is an iron fact. (be)三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数1The iron and steel industry is very important. (be)2The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. (give)3. The teacher and the poet are good friends in the cit
3、y. (be)4When and where to build the shopping center has not been decided. (have)四、如果主语后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，就前原则。1.A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to the flooded area to help in the work. (be)2The teacher as well as the students is going t
4、o visit the exhibition. (be)五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数1Each of us has something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了）(have)3Just a minute, someone is talking with manager. (be)六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于主语表达的是单数
5、还是复数。1None of the books are easy for us. (be)2None of the information is useful. (be)八 either, neither通常看作单数1Neither of us has passed the examination. (have)2Either of them has known it. (have)九、Many a和more than one修饰的词做主语时，谓语动词用单数1.Many a person has had that kind of experience.2.More than one exper
6、t was invited to the party.十、分数，百分数 + of + 名词做主语时，主要看名词是单数还是复数；是可数还是不可数1More than 70% of the earth is covered with water. (be)2Two thirds of the work has been finished so far. (have)360% of the students have arrived. (have)4One fourth of the population here are workers.(be) 但，population 单独做主语，为单数如：W
7、hat is the population of the city? (be)十一、不可数名词如果被表示数量的名词所修饰，谓语动词用复数1Three million tons of coal were exported that year. (be)2South of the village were 200 mu of sandy wasteland. (be)十二、表示时间，数量，长度及价值的名词尽管是复数形式但常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数1Today ten thousand yuan is not a large number. (be)2100 miles was covered
8、 in a single night. (be)十三、or; not onlybut also; neithernor; eitheror并列两个主语时，就近原则1Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film. (want)2Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. (be)3Either you or Xiao Li is mistaken. (be)十四、有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数，主要依据意思而定。1Hi
9、s family is not very large. (be)2His family are all music lovers. (be)3Class 3 is next to Class 2. (be)4Class 3 are having a class-meeting this Saturday. (be)十五、a number of + n为复数；the number of + n为单数1A number of books on this subject have been published. (have)2The number of books on this subject i
10、s amazing. (be)十六、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数Seeing is believing who is her father is not known yet. 十九、the +adj.表示一类人时为复数，表示一类物概念时为单数1The poor were looked down upon in the old days.2The true is always appreciated anytime.二十、one and a half为单数1One and a half hours is enough for the experiment.二十一、one
11、of + pl做先行词，后接定语从句且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；the one of/ the very one of / the only one of做先行词且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用单数1He is one of the students who are into computer games.2He is the only one of the students who is into computer games.二十二、表示某些组织机构的名词，虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数1The United Nations was founded on Oct
12、ober 24,1945.2The United States is the only superpower of the world today.二十三、表示学科的词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等，虽然本身为复数形式，但谓语动词仍用单数1Mathematics is my poor subject, I even want to give it up.2The news that the newly- built nuclear power station is to be put into use next month is true.非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的
13、动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式To doTo be done动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式To be doing与谓语动作同时发生完成式To have doneTo have been done动作发生在谓语动作之前动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doingHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式Doi
14、ngBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前不定式不定式的作用作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is
15、 to的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.作宾语动词+不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want
16、, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.I cant decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to
17、learn a foreign language.作宾语补足语动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定
18、式结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态） (3) There +不定式。如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老
19、师。Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。（2）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. (3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I oft
20、en help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（
21、同位关系）注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如： I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字) I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如
22、in order to , so as to, soas to, such as to, .enough to, tooto等。做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such).as to（如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。He came to the school to see his son.作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it
23、was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.做原因状语。如：We were very excited to hear the news.Im glad to see you.做条件状语。如：To turn to the left , you could find a post office.作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor
24、.Her work is to look after the babies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。 2.当助于是不定式时，表语不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）独立结构。如：To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope
25、 to see you again. 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be eating something.完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是
26、其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.省to 的动词不定式情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）Would rather, had better.感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made
27、 them work the whole night.They were made to work the whole night.使役动词 let, have, make.由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.Why/Why notBut 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but
28、 go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try goingPaul doesnt have
29、to be made _ . He always works hard.A learn B to learn C learned D learning四、 动词不定式的否定式。如：Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive The boy wanted to
30、ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A not to B not to do C not do it D do not do The patient was warned _ food before the operation. A to eat no B eating not C not to eat D not eating动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）动名词的作用作主语谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构：Its no good/use doing如：See
31、ing is believing.Playing with fire is dangerous.Its no good waiting here.作宾语I enjoy listening to music.He often practices playing the piano in the evening.He is fond of playing basketball.He has given up smoking.Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise建议，risk
32、，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示cant help 禁不住，cant stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used
33、to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于，fee like想要be surprised at 对感到惊讶 be proud of 以为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，disl
34、ike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，cant bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过Try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试
35、着做Go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting答案：ANeed, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem i
36、s worth discussing.作表语此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如：My hobby is collecting stamps.Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.作定语动名词作定语，一般表示用途。如：a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hallthere are a lot of swimming pools in the city.注：（1）现在分词作定语表动作，它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，可改写成一个定语从句。如
37、果为单词，放在被修饰n之前，为短语，放在被修饰n之后。如：a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping a developing country =a country which is developing （2）动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质，可改写成一个for的短语，两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如：a washing machine = a mashine for washing a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 动名词的时态和语态动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般
38、式。如：We are interested in playing chess.He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.Im sorry for not having kept my promise.若主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象，动名词用被动语态。如：We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.I remember having been told a story.He was afraid of being scolded by the tea
39、cher.及物动词不及物动词主动被动主动一般时doingbeing donedoing完成时having donehaving been donehaving done分词（分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。）现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用作定语单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping
40、boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is no
41、thing interesting.过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientistsThe first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A have written B to be written C being written D written答案：DWhats the language _ in Germany
42、?A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak答案：BPrices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A are bought B bought C been bought D buying.答案：BWhen I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A read B reads C to read D reading答
43、案：D解析：reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语，相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message，它与pin是被动关系，用ed 形式，与 read 是主动关系，用ing 形式作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more at
44、tention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart.(让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.(伴随)He
45、 came running to tell me the good news.(方式)_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed答案：B There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light. A followed B following C to be followed D being followed 答案：B _ , liquids can be change
46、d into gases. A Heating B To be heated C Heated D Heat 答案：C 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式
47、主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed答案：A_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A Having suffered B Suffering C To suffer D Suffered答案：A作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语
48、所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.Im very_ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell.A pleasant; pleased B pleased; pleased C pleasant; pleasant D pleased; pleasant答案：D作宾语补足语分词
49、和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found my car missing.Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A carry out B c
50、arrying out C carried out D to carry out 答案：C作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally spea
51、king, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。分词的时态与主语动词同时。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A to prepare B preparing C prepared D was preparing答案：B先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：Ha
52、ving finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.做完作业，他出去散步。_ a reply, he decided to write again.A Not receiving B Receiving not C Not having received D Having not received答案：C分词的语态通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：He is the man giving you/who gav
53、e you the book他就是给你书的那个人She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴主谓一致练习1.Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused
54、 hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have2.Such poets as Shakespeare_ widely read，of whose works，however，some _ difficult to understand Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are3.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.hav
55、e worn4.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 5.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to6.According to statist
56、ics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as 7.The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 8.Either you or one of your students _ to atten
57、d the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be9.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited.A.wereB.have beenC.has beenD.was10.A survey of the opinions of experts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A.show; areB.shows;
58、isC.show; isD.shows; are11.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been12.As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairing D.need to
59、repair13.It is reported that the floods have left about_people homeless.A.two thousandB.two-thousandsC.two thousandsD.two thousands of14.She went to the bookstore and bought_.A.dozen booksB.dozens booksC.dozen of booksD.dozens of books15.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.isB.areC.wasD.were*结束