1、第四章4.34.3.2A组素养自测一、选择题1已知lg2a,lg3b,则lg12等于(B)Aa2bBb2aCa2bDab2解析lg12lg4lg32lg2lg32ab.2若10a5,10b2,则ab等于(C)A1B0C1D2解析由已知得alg5,blg2,故ablg5lg2lg101,故选C3若lgxm,lgyn,则lglg()2的值等于(D)Am2n2Bm2n1Cm2n1Dm2n2解析lglg()2lgx2(lgylg10)m2n2.4若lg2a,lg3b,则等于(D)ABCD解析.5已知2x3,log4y,则x2y的值为(A)A3B8C4Dlog48解析x2ylog232log4log49
2、log4()2log4(9)log4643,故选A6已知2a5bM,且2,则M的值是(B)A20B2C2D400解析2a5bM,alog2M,blog5M,2,2lgMlg20,lgM2lg20,M220,M0,M2.二、填空题7计算:27lg42lg5eln3_2_.解析27lg42lg5eln3(33)(lg4lg25)eln33232.8溶液的酸碱度是通过pH刻画的,已知某溶液的pH等于lgH,其中H表示该溶液中氢离子的浓度(单位:mol/L),若某溶液的氢离子的浓度为105 mol/L,则该溶液的pH为_5_.解析由题意可知溶液的pH为lgHlg1055.9方程log2(x28)1lo
3、g2x的解是_x4_.解析log2(x28)1log2x,x282x0,x4或2(舍去)三、解答题10计算下列各式的值:(1);(2)log5352log5log57log51.8;(3)2(lg)2lglg5.解析(1)原式.(2)原式log5(57)2(log57log53)log57log5log55log572log572log53log572log53log552log552.(3)原式lg(2lglg5)lg(lg2lg5)1lglg1lg1.11已知loga2m,loga3n.(1)求a2mn的值;(2)求loga18.解析(1)因为loga2m,loga3n,所以am2,an3
4、.所以a2mna2man223.(2)loga18loga(232)loga2loga32loga22loga3m2n.B组素养提升一、选择题1若xlog341,则4x4x的值为(B)ABC2D1解析由xlog341得xlog43,所以4x4x3,故选B2已知alog32,那么log382log36用a表示是(A)Aa2B5a2C3a(1a)2D3aa21解析log382log36log3232(log32log33)3log322(log321)3a2(a1)a2.故选A3(多选题)下列等式不成立的是(CD)Aln e1BaClg(MN)lgMlgNDlog2(5)22log2(5)解析根据
5、对数式的运算,可得ln e1,故A成立;由根式与指数式的互化可得a,故B成立;取M2,N1,发现C不成立;log2(5)2log2522log25,故D不成立,故选CD4(多选题)设a,b,c都是正数,且4a6b9c,那么(AD)Aabbc2acBabbcacCD解析由a,b,c都是正数,可设4a6b9cM,alog4M,blog6M,clog9M,则logM4,logM6,logM9,logM4logM92logM6,即,去分母整理得abbc2ac,故选AD二、填空题5lg2lg2()1_1_.解析lg2lg2()1lglg421.6若logax2,logbx3,logcx6,则logabc
6、x_1_.解析logax2,logxa.同理logxc,logxb.log(abc)x1.7已知lga,lgb是方程2x24x10的两个实数根,则lg(ab)(lg)2_4_.解析由题意得,lg(ab)(lg)2(lgalgb)(lgalgb)22(lgalgb)24lgalgb2(44)4.三、解答题8计算:(1)(log33)2log0.259log5log1;(2)lg25lg8lg5lg20(lg2)2.解析(1)(log33)2log0.259log5log1()21901.(2)原式lg25lg8lglg(102)(lg2)2lg25lg4(1lg2)(1lg2)(lg2)2lg(254)1(lg2)2(lg2)23.9已知loga(x24)loga(y21)loga5loga(2xy1)(a0,且a1),求log8的值解析由对数的运算法则,可将等式化为loga(x24)(y21)loga5(2xy1),(x24)(y21)5(2xy1)整理,得x2y2x24y210xy90,配方,得(xy3)2(x2y)20,.log8log8log2321log22.