1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2015济阳县高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（3）及答案【科普知识型-阅读理解】Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. Longlasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a
2、new study finds, at least in animals.The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Centre. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetesthat can occur when light th
3、rows life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, an
4、d the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” Bedrosian says.In a secon
5、d test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression
6、 disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal lightdark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This fin
7、ding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but cant easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子结构)as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he
8、says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”1After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice _Achanged their preferencesBescaped from the water more eagerlyCremained active as beforeDshowe
9、d less interest in their favourites2What does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean?AStudy.BPredict.CEase.DCause.3We can learn from the last paragraph that _Alight at night may have practical valueBthe biological clock is beneficial to humansChuman mood disorders cannot be healed easi
10、lyDhuman studies are more important than animal studies4What is the main idea of the passage?ANighttime light may foster depression.BA drug has been found to cure mood disorders.CThe study on animals can be applied to humans.DHuman biological clock can be controlled by light.(二)【要点综述】光照疗法可以治疗抑郁症，但是，
11、新的研究表明长期暴露于夜晚的灯光也可带来抑郁症，这项研究至少在动物身上得到了验证。1D细节理解题。根据“Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks”可知，那些在夜晚持续接受暗淡灯光的老鼠失去了对于甜饮料的浓厚喜好，即没有那么喜欢甜饮料了，故选D项。2C词义猜测题。通过原文quash前面also可以断定，quash的意思等于前面一句话的意思，即症状消失了，故选ease“缓解
12、，减轻”。3A推理判断题。根据最后一句可知，灯光可以影响生物钟，生物钟的改变可以影响行为，故选择A项。4A主旨大意题。根据文章首段“Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要讨论nighttime light与mood disorder或depressio
13、n的关系，故A项正确。Passage Nine (The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business) Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available t
14、o minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, mino
15、rity business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts. Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting la
16、rge, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Mi
17、nority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantia
18、l amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companie
19、s, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the
20、quality of management needed. MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises. Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC dir
21、ectors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint hav
22、e produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBICs and they are concerned that, unless a
23、more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A The use of MESBICs for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potent
24、ial for success than does the original SBA approach.There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBICs.C After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.D Minority entrepreneurs wishing to for
25、m new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBICs A seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.Encourage minority businesses to provide markets fo
26、r other minority businesses.C Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?A The maximum term
27、for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.C The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.D Recipient b
28、usinesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.The author refers to the financial and operating problems encountered by MESBICs primarily in order toA broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBICs through sponsori
29、ng companies.call attention to the fact that MESBICs must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.C show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBICs.D Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding
30、.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described asA disappointing.Indifferent.C Shocked.D Defensive.Vocabulary1.implement 执行，履行2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的3.intermediary company 中介公司
31、，中间公司4.venture capital 风险资本5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏7.pragmatically 实用地难句译注1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2。2. Recently federal p
32、olicy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。3. By making use of government-sponsored venture capita
33、l.利用政府资助的风险资本。4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。5. MESBIC minority enterprise small business investment company 少数民
34、族小型企业投资公司。6. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does
35、 simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals th
36、at are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【参考译文】后者高级经理们在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。写作方法与文章大意 文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。 为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民族企业使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场取得了成功。
37、 可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。答案详解1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的
38、管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（MESBIC）A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。3. C 预期加入SBA项目中
39、的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）SBA帮助的企业失败率很高令人失望，从而推断C项结论。A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。A.扩大讨论
40、范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。B.漠不关心。C.震惊。D.持保留态度。【2015高考】阅读理解When someone
41、 meets a stranger with the same hobby，that person immediately becomes a friend.People enjoy the company of others who share a similar interest.Often they will form a club and travel great distances to attend meetings where they can talk about their hobbies.Other people have such unusual hobbies that
42、 no one else can share them.Sometimes they try to do something better，faster or longer than anyone else in order to have their names included in the Guinness Book of World Records.A lady in Massachusetts may have the worlds easiest hobby：she lets her hair grow.Diane Witt has not cut her hair for twe
43、lve years.It is now eight feet(2.44 meters) long，and she will soon set a new world record and her name will be placed in the Guinness book.A thirtyyearold man in Pennsylvania played the piano for fortyfive days and eleven hours，while a musician in Connecticut played the flute(长笛) for fortythree hour
44、s.A teacher in California typed for over 162 hours，and a lady from Iowa spent six years typing the numbers from one to one million.Probably the cleanest people in the world are two young women from England who stayed in the shower for over ninetyeight hours；but a man in Oregon was more than twice as
45、 clean after taking a shower that lasted two hundred hours.Someone once said that “Records are made to be broken”One record that many young men might enjoy breaking is the one made by Roger Guy English of California.During a period of eight hours，Roger kissed three thousand young women.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了
46、一些吉尼斯世界记录。1From the passage we know that_.Asome people do something special to put names in the Guinness Book of World RecordsBit took a lady from Iowa six months to type the numbers from one to one millionCa teacher in California typed for over 8 daysDa lady in New York hasnt had hair cut for 12 ye
47、ars答案 A 细节理解题。D项的New York应改成Massachusetts；B、C项的时间不对，故选A。2Which of the following is TRUE?ADiane Witts hair is now eight meters long.BA thirtyyearold man in Pennsylvania played the piano for 2,160 hours.CA musician in Connecticut played the violin for one day and 19 hours.DTwo young women from England
48、 stayed in the shower for over 6 days.答案 B 细节理解题。A项的meters应改成feet；C项的violin应改成flute；D项的时间不对。3The underlined word“company” (in Paragraph 1) means_.Abeing excellent Bbeing similarCbeing friendly Dbeing together答案 D 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知人们喜欢跟有相同兴趣的人走在一起，所以此词是“陪伴，在一起”的意思。4What would be the best title for the pa
49、ssage?AGuinness Book.BHow to Get World Records.CWorld Records.DRecords Are Made to Be Broken.答案 C 主旨大意题。此文主要是向我们介绍一些世界纪录，因此C是最佳选项。5Judging from the writing style of the passage，it is_.Aa piece of advertisementBa science reportCa passage for professional readingDa passage from a magazine答案 D 推理判断题。吉尼
50、斯记录不是广告，故A项错误；文章的专业性不强，不属于专业性的阅读文章，也不可能是科学报告；文章的内容应归为生活消遣类，因此最可能出现在杂志上。3D cinema has been around since the early 20th century, but Hollywood brought the technology back in 2007. Many thought it was just a trick to make more money. But then came Avatar, the first mustsee movie in 3D.But since Avatar,
51、 3D cinema has struggled. In_2010,_several_3D_movies_bombed_at_the_box_office. And by late 2010, some people said the technology was dead. Of course, that wasnt the first time Hollywood had struggled with new technology. Although sound was added to movies in the late 1920s, it took audiences time to
52、 get used to the new technology. But in the end, sound and colour became the standard. James Cameron, director of Avatar, thinks were going through the same process with 3D.Some say cinemas are charging too much for 3D movies. In the US, seeing a 3D movie can cost up to $7.5 more than seeing it in 2
53、D.Also, a recent study at California State University finds audiences dont actually enjoy movies in 3D any more than in 2D.Walter Murch, a famous movie editor, wrote in 2011 that human beings have no ability to process 3D images. Watching a 3D movie confuses our brain and this is why some people get
54、 headaches.But James Cameron disagrees. In fact, he recently predicted that in five years all movies will be in 3D.And there are signs that 3D is fighting back. More 3D movies were put on the market in 2012 than ever before. The Lion King 3D recently made over US $150 million at the box office, and
55、Camerons Titanic 3D made even more.Who knows what the future holds for 3D? Steven Spielberg recently said, “Im hoping 3D gets to a point where people notice it. Because then it just becomes another tool and helps tell a story.”1The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that in 2010, 3D m
56、ovies_Awere not successfulBbecame popularCdeveloped quicklyDwere of poor quality2The example of sound and colour is used mainly to show that_AHollywood tends to absorb what is newB3D technology takes time to be acceptedCHollywood struggles with new technologyDhigh technology helps to make better mov
57、ies3In Walter Murchs opinion, 3D movies_Abring moviemakers great profitsBare more expensive than 2D moviesCdo great harm to peoples healthDare unsuitable for people to watch4What can we learn from the text?AAvatar was the first 3D movie.B3D cinema has existed for years.CTitanic 3D has made the most
58、money.D2012 witnessed the coming of 3Ds time.【要点综述】自从阿凡达采用3D影像技术获得巨大成功之后，全世界范围内掀起了一股波涛汹涌的3D热潮。本文就3D时代是否到来展开了讨论。1A推理判断题。由本段中关键词struggled、dead和bombed可判断该句意为“票房失利”。故选A项。2B推理判断题。根据第二段的“that wasnt the first time Hollywood had struggled with new technology.”可知，作者用有声电影和彩色电影如何发展成为行业标准的例子来说明3D电影技术目前遭遇的尴尬境遇，指出其要被大众接受还需要时间。故选B项。3D细节理解题。根据第三段“that human beings have no ability to process 3D images. Watching a 3D movie confuses our brain and this is why some people get headaches.”可以判断出，在Walter Murch看来，3D影像画面不适合人们观看。故选D项。4B推理判断题。3D技术自从20世纪初出现以来，一直处于尴尬的境地。多年来，人们一直讨论3D电影技术的发展前景。文章首句是解题关键。故选B项。- 10 - 版权所有高考资源网