1、2019年高三二轮复习-改错的解题技巧及训练+从句的复习（2）一、课程介绍知识点 1.归纳讲解改错的解题技巧（2）2.重点语法: 从句的辨析 重点语法：定语从句和状语从句 教学重点 1.如何清晰高效判断错误点2.定语从句和状语从句引导词的选择 教学难点 1.如何提高改错的敏感度2.从句引导词的辨析二、要点回顾.改错 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 love .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crow
2、ded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Inste
3、ad,he hopes that our business will grow steady. 【答案】1. that where 2. but去掉 3. timestime 4. had have 5. honest honesty 6. or and 7. using used 8. becoming前加of 9. the a 10. our his II.名词性从句1 they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars AThat；how BWhat；how CWhat；that DThat；that2
4、The reason she gave for not being present was the heavy snow prevented her coming Awhy；because Bwhy；whether Cthat；that Dhow；that3 I have will be yours sooner or later ANo matter what BNo matter how CWhatever DHowever4Word came I was wanted at the office Awhich Bwhy Cthat Dwhether5The town is no long
5、er it was ten years agoAwhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhen【答案】1-5 BCCCC三、知识精要（一）定语从句考点聚焦 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先
6、行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（
7、1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中
8、作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyon
9、e、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?/There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、关系代词as
10、,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful./The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just
11、now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / a
12、t / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。强调it is /
13、 was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wi
14、sh that was the same as their.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中studen
15、ts为先行词）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.（二）状语从句考点聚焦 1、时间状语从句 （1）as、when、while用法一览表。类别作 用例 句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和wh
16、en/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时
17、间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：till, not until , until, bef
18、ore, sinceDont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve oclock.It will be five years before he returns from England.hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than, as soon as once表示“一就”As soon as I have finished it , Ill give yu a call.Once you show any fear, he
19、 will attack you.We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that 一就He made for the door directly he heard the knock.each time, every time,
20、by the timeEach time he came to my city, he would call on me.注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。2、让步状语从句（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.（2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。Ill get there even if(though)I have to sell my ho
21、use to get enough money to go by air.（3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。Dont trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.Whoever breaks the law will be published.No matter how hard the work is, youd better try to do it well.（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句。要
22、用倒装。Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.Much as I like it, I wont buy.Try as he would, he couldnt lift the heavy box.3、原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full.for虽然表示不知道的原因
23、，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。如：Its morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。Seeing all of the children already seated, he said
24、,“Since everyone is here, lets start.”(3)下列情况下只能使用because:在回答why的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被not所否定时。4、地点状语从句：where, whereverMake a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.5、目的状语从句：that, so that, in order that注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。6、结果状语从句：that, so that, so t
25、hat, such that 注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such +名词 + that从句。7、方式状语从句：as, as if(though)Ill do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.8、比较状语从句：than, as9、条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that.注意if与unless的区别：不能用and连接两个unless从句，即不能有 unless ,and unless 。但i
26、f not and if not却不受此限。You wont lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.()但可以说 unless you eat less and exercise more.10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象（1）连接词 + 过去分词Dont speak until spoken to.Pressure can be increased when needed.Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.（2）连词 +现在分词Look
27、out while crossing the street.（3）连词 + 形容词/其他常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。四、要点讲练【要点1】改错-多词-多名词、冠词这种错误主要从搭配上入手，一般不可数名词表示一类时，前不用冠词；当然也会有很多固定搭配【例题】 (2016全国卷III)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.【答案】去掉first前面的the【解析】考查固定用法。At first中间不用冠词，首
28、先，第一【要点2】改错-多词-多介词及物动词后面不需要加介词；副词前不需要介词；有些固定短语中不需要介词等【例题1】 (2017全国卷III）I realize of how fast time flies.【答案】删掉of【解析】realize是及物动词，后不用介词of【例题2】（2017全国卷II）They have also bought for some gardening tools. 【答案】删掉介词for【解析】 buy固定结构sb. buy sth.或 sb buy sth. for sb. 【要点3】 改错-多词-多不定式的to 动词不定式有时省略to。【例题】（2017年东
29、北三省四市高三第一次联合考试）They said they would rather to spend the time with their friends or take part in some activities. 【答案】 删掉to【解析】根据固定结构would rather do sth.，所以省去to【要点4】改错-少词-少不定式的to在一些搭配中缺少了不定式的to【例题1】 （2017全国卷II）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案】pick前面加to【解析】invi
30、te sb. to do【例题2】（2015四川卷） I really want share with you some of theproblems I have been experiencing.【答案】wanted后面加to【解析】want to do【例题3】（2017年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二）My teacher, Mr.Black, advised me plan everything in advance.【答案】plan前面加to【解析】这里是advise sb. to do sth.的固定结构【要点5】改错-少词-少介词缺少介词是改错中常出现的一个问题，主要看固定搭
31、配。【例题】 （2017山东省青岛市高三统一质量检测）Paper books cannot be replaced in spite their disadvantages.【答案】spite后面接of【解析】in spite of 是固定搭配，尽管的意思【要点6】改错-少词-少冠词缺少冠词也是常出现的考点，主要看是否固定搭配。【例题1】 （2015浙江卷） I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning【答案】in hurry之间加a【解析】in a hurry，固定短语【例题2】（2017全国卷III）
32、Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time,car magazines and musical instruments.【答案】 picture前面加the【解析】前文出现过一次picture,再一次出现要加the, in the picture【例题3】（2017武汉市高中毕业生4月调研测试）It was the trip to Australia I had three years ago with my dance group to participate in
33、international dance festival.【答案】in 后加an【解析】in an international dance festival在一次国际跳舞节【要点7】改错-少词-少助动词有些句子用形容词、副词、介词用作谓语来误导学生，或者是被动语态中缺少be动词, 这时需要添加助动词【例题】 （2017南昌市高三第一次模拟测试卷）She killed by an ambulance speeding by. 【答案】she后面加was【解析】她被一辆急速的救护车撞死了。被动结构be done.【要点8】改错-少词-少代词代词的缺失也是常出现的考点，这时要通过翻译或用法来判断【例
34、题1】 （2015全国卷II） Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 【答案】 parents前加his【解析】若不加his，parents就表示泛指父母了，与句意不符，所以要加上限定语【例题2】（2017新课标I） I still remember how hard first day was.【答案】 hard后加my/the【解析】序数词前加the或者人称代词my, 表示我依然记得我的第一天的有多难【例题3】（2017银川市普通高中教学质量检测）Sometimes we find difficult to follow the teacher. 【答
35、案】 find后加it【解析】find it +adj. to do sth.固定结构【要点9】定语从句主要考查引导词的使用，成分的判断，若干引导词的使用限制等【例题1】 （2017全国III） Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time,car magazines and musical instruments. 【答案】 they改为which/that【解析】该句是限定性定语从句，指物用that/which引导的定语从句【例题2】（2017太原市高三年级模拟考试二
36、） My flat is on the fifth floor of a high-rise building where if opposite a busy road.【答案】where 改成which/that【解析】根据上下文的句子结构前面是一个句子，后面也是一个句子。根据意思“我的公寓是一所高楼的第五层”，所以后面的句子是定语从句，修饰building，故用which或that【即学即用】1I can still remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening Awhat Bwhich Ctha
37、t Dwhere2The man was a friend of mine Athat you just talked to Bwhom you just talked to him Cwho you just talked to him Dyou just talked31ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago. Awhere Bthat Cin which Dwhat4 We all know，oil and water dont mix up AThat BWhat CWhich DAs5All is needed is a S
38、upply of oil Athe thing Bthat Cwhat Dwhich【答案】1-5 DABDB【要点10】状语从句一方面考查连词的词义（也要注意一词多义现象），同时考查连词的搭配情况【例题1】 （2017兰州市高三实战考试） I have been learning painting after I was a small boy. 【答案】after改为since【解析】该句是考查时间状语从句，前半句用现在完成时态，后面用since，自从，表示从过去到现在【例题2】（2017杭州市第二次高考科目教学质量检测）Then I went back to the dorm after
39、 he could say anything.【答案】after改为before【解析】考查时间状语从句，句意：在他说任何话之前我就进了寝室。【例题3】If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it【答案】If改为Although【解析】根据上下文的句意是“尽管我只是个孩子，但是我一直没有忘记这件事”，所以if改为although或though【即学即用】1 the days went on，the weather got worse AWith BSince CWhile DAs2
40、you go， be honest and modest AWherever；do BWherever；must CWhere；do DWhere；should3 ，it was finished on time AAs was the work difficult BDifficult as was the work CDifficult as the work was DAs the work was difficult4 everybody is here，lets begin our meeting AWhen BFor CBecause DSince5It was he was il
41、l that he was absent yesterday Anow that Bsince Cas Dbecause【答案】1-5 DACDD五、模块自测【改错】（一）Dear Jeremy and Alice，Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. I
42、t is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5oclock. That is too much for us
43、, considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. Sincerely, Jack and Rose （二）My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My
44、 uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us
45、 from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt an impressive lesson about gravity!（三）Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go
46、 off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no f
47、ire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.（四）My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many homework.
48、 Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day. My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for
49、 a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends. （五）Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then-for all these year-we
50、 had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but w
51、e have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost! （六）I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets. A passenger realize
52、d he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even
53、 noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.【答案】一、Dear Jeremy and Alice，Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settlesomething that
54、 bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. It is difficult totimesunderstanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barkingunderstandhave been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends
55、toHasBesidesbark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 Anstartedoclock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.CloseWe appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a youroutgood way of settling the matter.二、My f
56、ather took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, to insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting. came One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles having i
57、mmediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows wasimmediately at none wereflying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. 删除were或looked and That day I didnt learn much abo
58、ut animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! an 三、 Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the about goes door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to
59、your teacher and classmate. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain for classmates tryquiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the calm the you classroom. If you notice that when som
60、eone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately. 删掉when or四、My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m. and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lesson There in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many homework. dont much Therefore , we have more time with after-school activit
61、ies. For example, we can do reading for for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day. hoursMy dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers looksand trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the sitlake listening musi
62、c. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our to helpful teachers but also our friends. 五、Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes ago of（圣女果）in our back garden, since then-for all these year-we had been allowing tom
63、atoes to self years haveseed where they please . Asresult, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but a everywherejuicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tasty manytomato plants to grow in the same place year after ye
64、ar, but we have never had any disease or insect 或yetattack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost! Wonderful六、 I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled noisywith people. Before long, a train inspector comes to check out t
65、ickets. A passenger realized he couldnt find his came ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searchingthe ticket, which was and for eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with its/the thepleasure at his success. No
66、one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they previouslyhad so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world stranger inwould be a better place to live in.【定语从句】1The little problem we meet in our daily
67、lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京)2My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.(2017天津)3. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes if to reliever worldwide starvation.(2017江苏)41live next door to a couple children often ma
68、ke a lot of noise.（2016北京）5 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather ma be better.（2016天津）6 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.（2016浙江）7 Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions t
69、o chase their dreams.（2016江苏）8 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.（2015安徽）9 I felt free without my phone at weekend camp, changed me completely.（2017四川成都龙泉中学高三四月月考）10 A survey was held in 16 cities with over one million population showed high proportion
70、 of urban Chinese have been suffering such health problems.(2017四川凉山州高中毕业班二检)【答案】1.that/which 2.whose 3.whose 4.whose 5.when 6.which 7.whom 8.which 9.which 10.that/which【状语从句】1 I went to sleep, I browsed through news websites and checked my emails.（2017四川成都龙泉中学高三四月月考）2 However, she was doing researc
71、h, she noticed that many kids were not drinking enough water.（2017云南昆明高三下学期第二次统测）3 A large-scale restoration of the Yu Garden was conducted it opened to the public formally in 1961.（2017贵州贵阳一中高三下学期第六次适应性考试04 children do not believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.（2017广西
72、桂林，崇左联考调研05 birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京)6 If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.（2017北京）7 Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road
73、construction.（2017江苏）8 My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, hes in his nineties.（2016北京）9 I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.（2016北京）10 the average age of the population increase, there are more and more old people to care for.（2016天津） 【答案】 1.Before 2.when/as/while 3.before 4.If 5.Although/While/Though 6.until/till 7.where 8.even though/even if/although 9.because/as 10. Asw.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
