1、Unit 1 Festivals around the world 【重点词汇】1. starve vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需 They got lost in the desert and starved to death他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死Shes starving herself trying to lose weight她为了减轻体重而忍饥挨饿。The plants are starving for water. 这些植物极需要水 The engine was starved of petrol and wouldnt start 发动机缺油，发动不起来。We st
2、arved the enermy into surrending. 我们把敌人饿得投降了。2.belief n. c,u 信任；信仰；信心 believe vt.&vi. 相信She has lost her belief in God. 她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）。He has great belief in his doctor. 他对那位医生无比信赖。The cruelty of the murders was beyond belief. 谋杀者的残忍是难以置信的。He came to me in the belief that I could help him. 他走向我认为我
3、会帮助他。It is my belief that nuclear weapons are immoral. 我认为核武器是非人道的。3. gain n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润；vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快He has gained rich experience in these years. 这些年他已获取了丰富的经验。He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 康复后他的体重增加了。This clock gains five minutes a day. 这只钟每天快5分钟。4. awa
4、rd n. 奖；奖品 vt. 授予；判定He got the highest award in the contest他得到了比赛的最高奖。Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.奖章授给辩论队中的最佳演说者Custody of the children wasawardedto the mother.儿童的监护权已判给母亲。5. permission n.u 许可；允许 permit vt. 准许；许可；允许 permit n.许可（证）；执照You have my permission to leave.
5、我准你离开。The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. 每月允许探监一次。You cant work here without a work permit.你没有许可证就不能在这里工作。【重点短语】1. in memory of纪念；追念Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。2. dre
6、ss up 盛装；打扮；装饰We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色，这是一个多么新奇的主意啊！They dress up for the occasion. 为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装However you dress it up, a bank only exists to lend money. 无论你如何粉饰,银行就是为了放贷而生的。3.turn up 翻起； 出现；到达；调大(音量等) ；（尤指失去后偶然）被发现It s
7、time for the meeting, but he hasn t turned up. 到开会的时间了，但他还没到。Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news. 请把收音机音量调大, 我想听听新闻。 Investigations have never turned up any evidence. 调查从没发现任何证据。Mychildrenturnuptheirnosesatfreshvegetables.我的孩子对新鲜蔬菜根本看不上.4.set off 出发；使爆炸；（使）开始；引起；What time are you
8、planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程?The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了六个人。Anthony picked himself up andsetoffalong the track. 安东尼自己慢慢爬起来，又开始沿着跑道跑下去。If he attended a party without his wife, itset offa storm of speculation. 如果他没和妻子一块儿出席宴会，便会招致各
9、种猜测满天飞。【重点句型】1. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. 整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红的雪。【考点】as though / as if “好像”, 引导表语从句和方式状语从句：1). 引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含有动词be时, 可把主语和
10、be一起省去。 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something他四下张望, 好像寻找什么。2). 引导表语从句 It looks as if it s going to rain看样子天要下雨了。3). as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好象她是个大人。2. It was obvious that th
11、e manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明显咖啡店老板在等着李方离开。【考点】It is/was + adj./n./p.p. + that-clause 结构：It was obvious/clear that = obviously/ clearly, “很明显，显而易见” It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural + that + sb. should do It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder + that + sb. sho
12、uld do It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ + that It was strange that he should have been absent from such an important meeting.真奇怪，这么重要的会议，他居然缺席。It was a shame that he should have lied to us.他竟然向我们撒慌，真是可耻。It is reported that the talks between the two sides are making progress. 据报道，双方的会
13、谈有进展。3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 最活跃，最重要的节日是那些寓意寒冬结束，新春到来的日子。【考点】are the ones 定语从句The most experienced and helpful teachers are the ones who can not only offer us knowledge but also tell us the way how
14、 to gain knowledge.最有经验最有益的老师是那些不仅教给知识的人而且还是教你如果获取知识的人【重点语法】Modal Verbs I(情态动词I)情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示“需要”“可以”“必须”“应当”等意义 （一） 情态动词有以下特征： 1不能单独作谓语，除ought to和used to以外，后面只能接不带to的不定式 2没有人称和数的变化。但有些情态动词，如can，will，dare有一般时和过去时的变化。 3情态动词的“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标志。不少情况下，情态动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时
15、间或将来时间 （二）常用情态动词用法can和could (1)表示能力，常译为“能，会” I can speak Japanese。but I cant write it 我会说日语，但是不会写 (2)表示允许，常译为“可以”；could还可以表示更加委婉地请求或许可 CanCould I have a look at your photos? 我可以看看你的照片吗? 0f course you can当然可以了。 (3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测，只用于疑问句或否定句中 Can she be in the classroom? 她可能在教室吗? NO，she cant be in it 不，
16、她不可能在教室里。 (4)用于肯定的陈述旬中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。 Accidents can happen at any time事故随时会发生maymight (1)表示许可或征询对方许可，常译成“可以”。表示征询许可时，may 可与cancould换用might比may的语气更委婉一些对其一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can否定回答时要用mustnt或cantmustnt表示“不可以”“禁止”之意 May 1 come in? 我可以进来吗?Yes，you maycan.进来。No, you cantmustnt你不能。 (2)may常用于祈使句中表示祝愿 May you su
17、cceed!祝你成功! (3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测，一般只用于肯定句中，may not表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小 一Why hasnt he come?他为什么还没来? 一He may have missed the train.他可能没赶上火车吧 will /would (1)表示请求、建议，用于第二人称疑问匀中would比will语气更委婉。 Would you like a cup of coffee?你想来杯咖啡吗? (2)表示意志、愿望和决心，有“愿；要”之意would表示过去的意愿和决心。 1 will do my best to help you 我愿尽
18、我最大努力帮助你 (3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向 Oil will float on water油总是浮在水上 On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess 以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋 (4)(表示功用或能力)能。 The room will seat 100 persons 这个屋子能坐下100人。 The door wont open这门打不开shallshould (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。例如： What shall we do this
19、 evening?我们今晚干什么呢? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 他什么时间能离开医院? (2)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work hard 如果你不努力学习你会考试不及格 (警告) You shall not leave your post 你不得离开岗位。(命令) He shall have the book when I finish reading it 当我读完这本书时他可以拿走 (允许) He shall be punis
20、hed他将受到惩罚 (威胁) (3)should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to，意为“应该”。(还常用于虚拟语气中) You shouldnt have left so soon. 你不应当走得这么早 Sal suggested that we should go for a swim 萨尔建议我们去游泳 (4)should表示推测，可能。这种推测往往有一定的根据。含有“按道理应当”之意。 They should be at home by now for they have been away for two hours现
21、在他们该到家了，因为他们离开两个小时了 mustcant (1)must表示“必须；必要”用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must。否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise today? 我们必须今天上交练习吗? Yes, you must是的，你们必须。 No, you needntdont have to不，你们不必。 (2)mustnt表示“不允许；禁止”。例如： You mustnt lend the new book to others 你不许把这本新书借给别人。 (3)有时must表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不
22、快的事情。 Must you shout so loudly? 你非要这么大声嚷嚷吗? (4)must表示推测时。只能用于肯定句，意为“一定；肯定”。作此解时，must的否定形式不是mustnt，而是cantcouldnt。 I think the news must be true 我想这个消息一定是真的 No，it cant be true不，它肯定不是真的。 情态动词+have done (1)can(could)+have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或否定，另外could have done还表示“过去本能够做，但实际上未做”。 He cantcouldnt h
23、ave finished so much work in so short a time 他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此多的工作。 Where cancould they have gone? 他们会到哪去了呢? We could have gone there on footA taxi wasnt necessary at a11 本来我们可以走着去那儿根本没有必要乘出租车 (2)may(might)+have done表示对过去所发生事情的推测。 That was too dangerousYou might have killed yourself那太危险了。你当时可能会丧命的 (3)should+have done表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，而shouldnt+have done表示过去本不应泼做但实际上做了。 You should have started earlier你本应该早点动身。 You shouldnt have lent him money yesterday昨天你本不该把钱借给他。 (4)must+have done表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测。 It must have rained last night昨晚肯定下雨了