1、高考英语语法核心考点专项复习03：代词代词是十大词类中的主要考点也是高考的必考点，分类繁多，考察也是形式多样，主要考察题型是短文改错和语法填空。本专题主要是从代词的分类、不同代词的语义功能和语法功能、不同代词的意义区别和考点来考察。特别是要重点讲解代词it的用法和考点。一、 代词的分类分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey宾格meyouhim her itusYouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis hers itsoursyoursthe
2、irs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself herself itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this that suchthese those such相互代词宾格each other one another所有格each others one anothers不定代词可数one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither不可数much, (a) little可数不可数any other all some复合不定代词anyone anybody anything someb
3、ody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing疑问代词who whom whose which what连接代词who whom whose which what（参见名词性从句）关系代词who whom whose which that（参见定语从句）二、代词的用法考点一 it, that, one(s), those的用法1it代替的是前面提到的同一事物，即同名同物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词， 也可以是不可数名词。如： Id like to look at that atlas. May I borro
4、w it?我想看看那张地图，我能借用一下吗(it代替可数名词atlas)？2one叫作泛指代词代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个， 所代替名词是可数名词单数， 其前可带冠词与修饰语。如果代替复数名词，则用ones。如： The population problem may be the greatest one in the world today.人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题。 (one代替可数名词problem) Which jackets are yours? “哪些是你的夹克？”The white ones. (ones代替可数名词jackets)“这些白色的。”3tha
5、t叫作特指代词代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数，也可以是不可数名词，后面常有限制性定语。如： The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school. 我们学校的校医比你学校的要年轻。(that代替可数名词doctor，相当于the one) The weather of this week is worse than that of last week. 这周的天气比上周的天气要坏。(that代替不可数名词weather) 4those是that的复数形式代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，
6、只能指代复数名词，相当于the ones。如： The computers in your office are more expensive than those / the ones in our school. 你办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵。(those代替复数名词computers)no one, nobody, nothing和none的用法区别考点二 no one,nobody,nothing 和none 的用法1no onenobody 意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如：Who is in the
7、classroom?“是谁在教室？”No one. “没有人。”2nothing 意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。如：Whats in the cave? “洞里面有什么？”Nothing.“什么都没有。”3. none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”；谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；常与 of 连用，通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”，上下文已明确的情况下，也可省略of短语。常用来回答 how much 和 how many 引导的疑问句。如： They were all tired, but none (of them) would stop to have
8、a rest. 他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。考点三 other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别1other 表示泛指，意为“另外的、其他的”常与复数名词。如果前面有 the, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。如： I have no other place to go. 我再也没有别的地方可去。2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如： This cap
9、is too small for me. Show me another (one). 这顶帽子对我来说太小了。再给我拿一顶。We need another three assistants in our shop. 我们店里还需要三位助手。3others：相当于复数名词，是“other复数名词” 的一种变式，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如： He has more concern for others than for himself. 比起自己来说，他更关心他人。4. any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一
10、个。如： China is far larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都要大得多。5the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如： No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. 因为双方都不向另一方让步，所以讨论没有达成任何协议。考点四 all ,both, either, neither, one的区别1all 与 both均表示“都”，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物
11、， both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与 not 连用时，则表示部分否定。 2neither 与 either 都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，意为“(两者中的每一个)都不”；而 either 表肯定意义，意为“(两者中的每一个)都”。都可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用。如： Both teams were in hard training; neither is willing to lose the game. 这两支球队都在刻苦训练。哪一方都不愿意输掉这次比赛。Do you want tea or coffee? 你想喝茶还是喝咖非？Either
12、. I really dont mind. 啥也行，我其实不介意。3none表示三者以上的人或物都不，经常与of短语连用。有时none也可表示不可数名词。如：None of them has seen me before. 以前他们没有一个人见过我。None of the money belongs to me. 这些钱都不属于我。考点五 it 用法1it 用作形式主语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式：(1)用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur,
13、 follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如：It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。(2)当系表结构后接有if 或when引导的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如：It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他那样做使我很吃惊。(3)用于if it were not for/ if it hadnt been for(若不是因为)结构中。如：If it hadnt been for the free
14、zing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风，他们就能及时赶到伤员身边了。2it 用作形式宾语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，常在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。 it用作形式宾语的两类特殊句式：(1)动词itif / when从句。当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时，此时需要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：I would appreciat
15、e it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。(2)动词介词itthat从句。能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for, see to等。如：Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。3it 在强调句中的用法。如：It was lack of money, not of effort
16、s, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫，原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ 4it 在习语中的用法。包括it的习语很多，如：make it 成功，到达take it easy 别着急，放心好了believe it or not信不信由你forget it没关系；别在意；算了吧Thats it. (口语)完了；没有了(表示某个情况已经结束)；做得对。when it comes to sth.说到，涉及5与it 有关的几个时间状语从句。Itis/has be
17、en一段时间since从句Its ages since we last met.自从我们上次见面到现在有很多年了。Itwas/will be一段时间before从句(从句用一般过去时或一般现在时)It was not long before he left Nanjing.Itwas时间点when从句(从句谓语用一般过去时)It was eight oclock when we arrived. 我们到达时是八点。 1The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. Ai
18、t Bthose Cone Dthat【误】 只注意information是不可数名词而选择A；误把information看作是复数概念而选择B；把information理解为是单数可数名词而误选C。【正】 D句意为：因特网信息比报纸信息传播更迅速。it指代前面提到的事物，代替可数名词单数；that代替“the 可数名词单数或不可数名词”，表示特指；此处that等于“the information”，特指报纸上的信息。2To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and comp
19、lete the other half for our homework. Aus Bwe Cour Dours【误】 认为students是名词，应该用形容词修饰，而误选C；对词性把握不够而误选B、D。【正】 A根据our teacher可知说话人是学生，us与students是同位语。has是动词，后需要跟宾语，选A。3The protection of our environment is not _ to be left to the environment. Everyone should be concerned. Anothing Banything Csomething Dev
20、erything【误】 受not的影响，容易误选anything，但anything与not连用多用来表示没有东西，与所给语境不符。 【正】 Csomething在此处表示“某事、某物”，即环境保护的事情不能留给环境本身。4【误】 I like if you help me do the work. 【正】 I like it if you help me do the work. 【解析】 like, hate, appreciate后加it才能跟从句。5你没有必要惊慌。【误】 It is no need for you to panic. 【正】 It is not necessary f
21、or you to panic. 【正】 There is no need for you to panic. 【解析】 要注意区分it作形式主语的句型和there be 引出的句型。it作形式主语时可以很容易地找到它所代替的真正的主语，而there be句型里是没有这个替代关系的。 课堂练习1Do you want milk or coffee? _. I really dont mind. ANone BNeither CEither DAll【解析】 C此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法。根据问句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从答句中后一句的“我真的不
22、介意”可知第二个人的意思是“两者中任何一个都可以”，所以用either。2 Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them. Aother Bany Cnone Dsome【解析】 B考查代词辨析。所填词与not构成全部否定，四个选项中只有any与not构成notany，等于none，表示全部否定，选B。3Will you see to _ that my birds are well looked after while I am away?Athem Byourself Cit Dme【解析】 C考查代词。
23、所填词构成固定句型see to it that，意为“注意，务必，一定要做到”。选C。4When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson，could you please say _ for me?AEverything Banything Csomething Dnothing【解析】 C考查代词。句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，能为我说说话吗？something 用在问句中是表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定回答。5 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them a
24、gain. Aneither Beither Ceach Dall【解析】 B考查代词词义辨析。这里用nevereither表示“两者都不”，相当于and found neither of them again。 6How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind, but _ is so good to me as Bruce. Anone Bno one Cevery one Dsome one【解析】 A考查代词的用法。根据but一词确定应该从A、B中挑选。有一定范围的用none，相当于none of my new cla
25、ssmates。no one不必有这种范围。7Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and_ before you leave. Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing【解析】 C考查不定代词的用法。理解句意是关键。句意为：在你们离开前，确保你们已有了护照、票等一切东西。everything所有，一切东西；something某种东西；anything任何东西；nothing没有什么。8Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an ear
26、ly age. Ait Bthat Cwhat Done【解析】 D句意为：帮助他人是一种习惯，一种你可以从小学习的习惯。one在此指a habit。9Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?Ahimself Bhim Citself Dit【答案】 C10 You are a team star！Working with _ is really your cup of tea. Aboth Beither Cothers Dthe other【解析】 C考查代词的用法。sb.s cup of tea 合乎某人的口味
27、，使某人感兴趣的东西。others表示泛指“其他人”。11The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. Athat Bthis CIt Done【解析】 A本题考查代词。that 被用来替代 the cost of renting a house。在英语中，that被用来替代同一类事物。12On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. Ahim Bhis Cme Dmine
28、【解析】 C考查代词词义辨析。作介词宾语用人称代词的宾格。句意为：我的桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照片。13We should save some food for _ who arrives late. Theres no need. _ is here. Aanyone; Everyone Beveryone; AnyoneCanyone; Anyone Deveryone; Everyone【解析】 A考查代词辨析。句意为：“我们应该留着些吃的给来晚的人。”“没有必要。大家都到齐了。”第一个空anyone(任何人)是先行词，后面跟who引导的定语从句；第二个空的everyone指“
29、大家；每个人”，选A。 14I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. Aeverything Banything Cnothing Dnone【解析】 Anoteverything 部分否定，不是所有的都。15How can I help _ if people dont read the instructions?Athat Bit Cwhat Dthem【解析】 B考查代词。句意为：如果人们不看说明，我有什么办法呢？此处it用于谈论某种情况。新高考命题探究 1.代词 (1) My father asked To
30、m and I to help. 答案：I改为me作宾语用宾格。(2)If you meet Jack or Tom,tell them to call me. 答案：them改为himhim与前面Jack or Tom一致。(3)h was me who cleaned the classroom this morning. 答案：me改为l被强调部分为主语I.(4) I heard that Mr. Wu would teach our English this term. 答案：our改为usteachsbsth(5)I found that difficult to speak in
31、front of so many people. 答案：that改为it , it作形式宾语，that不能。(6)If anyone happened to call while I am out of the offlee, please have them leave a message for me. 答案：them改为him或her；与前面的anyone一致。(7) This isnt your book. Your is on the desk. 答案：Your改为Yours名词性的物主代词作主语。(8) This book is my sisters,but that one is
32、 not her. 答案：her改为hershers名词性物主代词，相当于herbook(9) I have a black bike and a red. 答案：red后加oneone代替bike(10) Nobody of the girls came on the trip. 答案：Nobody改为Nonenobody后不接Of短语；可以说none of”(11) My parents were all at home yesterday evening. 答案：a11改为bothboth，两个都。(12) The wounded soldier lived for other five
33、 days. 答案：other改为another另外五天，再有五天：another five days或five moreother days(13) There is so little left that I cant spare you one. 答案：one改为anyany指代不可数名词。(14) I invited Bill and Tom to my birthday party, but none of them came. 答案：none改为neithernone指三者或三者以上都不；neither 两个都不。(15) Some people like to stay watc
34、hing TV at home, while other like to go to the cinema. 答案：other改为othersothers另外一些；some people，others“一些人，另一些人”。(16) Please help you to some fish. 答案：you改为yourselfhelp oneself to自己拿取吃。(17) Open the door,please. This is me. 答案：This改为ItIts me是我。h指双方心目中所指的那个人。(18) Neighbours ought to respect each anothe
35、r. 答案：another改为othereach other相互；或each改为one，one anothereach other(19) Every a few weeks he pays a visit to his aunt. 答案：去掉第一个a. every few weeks每几周。(20) That was not until eleven oclock that I finished my work last night. 答案：That改为II强调句式用“hiswasthat”2.定语从句 (1)The book I need it is not in the library.
36、 答案：去掉I(thatwhich)I need是一个定语从句，need后it多余。(2) This was all which Oxford had to offer. 答案：which改为that先行词是不定代词时，其后用that引导定语从句。(3) Is this the restaurant in where you work? 答案：去掉介词in或将where改为whichwhereinwhich引导定语从句。(4) It is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China. 答案：It改为AsAs is known to a11是一个非限制性的定语从句，
37、as指代Taiwan整句的内容。(5) That is one of those books that is worth reading. 答案：第二个is改为arethat指先行词those books(6) Paris is the place where Id better visit first. 答案： where改为whichthat或将where去掉。which或that在定语从句中作visit的宾语。(7) Do you work near the building which color is white? 答案：which改为whosewhose引导定语从句，指某人的或某物
38、的。(8) Last night I took a taxi,and which took me straight home. 答案：去掉and定语从句与主句之间不用and连接。(9) China has hundreds of islands, the largest of them is Taiwan. 答案：them改为which后面是一个非限制性的定语从句；或在the前加and，后面是一个并列分句。(10) He is the only one of those students who are able to read in English.答案：are改为iswho引导的定语从句修饰one，因为one前有theonly修饰。
