1、必修四 Unit 4 高考拆组训练阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：30分钟).阅读理解A(2018山东省部分重点中学联考)The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl, yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy awards. When somebody asks her，“How do you hear？” She responds, “How do you hear? Is
2、 it only with your ears？” For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding. We need to listen to what is said and unsaid, and also how it is said.Its important to hear what people say accurately. As Mark Twain said，“The difference between the right word and the almost
3、 right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug (萤火虫)” If you miss something or youre not sure youve heard accurately, ask the speakers. At this point youre not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding. Here are some ways to get clear about what
4、 they say and dont say. Why are they saying this now, instead of sooner or later? Why are they emphasizing these points, instead of something else?Listen to how it is said. People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body language that sometimes differ from the words they say. Whi
5、le going through the next points, think about someone whose real meaning you might sometimes miss, and see if any of these signals might come up. First, voices. When others speak, notice changes in their volume, pace, and tone. Second, body language. Notice gestures, eye contact, and facial expressi
6、ons. Do these sync what they are saying, or do they tell a different story? Third, emotions. What is the person true feeling? Now you might not know for sure, but be considerate, open to understanding, and ask thoughtful questions.语篇解读：本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。1Whats the writers purpos
7、e of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?ATo give an example of wise words.BTo introduce a worldfamous musician.CTo help explain the meaning of listening.DTo encourage us to fight against disability.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding.”可知，对于Glenn
8、ie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。2What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?AIt is important to have a good knowledge of English words.BPeople should know words can be used in many different ways.CEnglish is a very complicated language with a large vocabulary.DThe slight difference betw
9、een words may result in misunderstanding.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Its important to hear what people say accurately.”和“At this point youre not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding.”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与Mark Twain所说的话意思相吻合。3What does the underlined word
10、 “sync” in the last paragraph probably mean?AMatch.BProve.CDescribe. DAnalyze.解析：选A词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions”；再根据画线词后的“what they are saying, or do they tell a different story”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。4Which is the best title for this passage?ASpeak While Y
11、ou Listen BListen Beyond WordsCRead Between Lines DThink as You Talk解析：选B标题归纳题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。B(2018绍兴一中一模)Students at Harvard this term have been doing something for the first time in the universitys long history. They promise not to cheat, or more specifically, to sign up to
12、 an honor code in which they promise to stick to values of academic integrity (学术诚信). It means students at the wellknown US university have to promise not to cheat in exams.Brett Flehinger, a professor at Harvard, says students now write their own “personal response” to the honor code before startin
13、g term, repeat their promise when registering and then again before taking exams.Harvards adoption of an honor code follows a widelyknown cheating event in 2012. On one exam paper, more than a hundred students were investigated and about 70 later faced punishment.An annual survey was conducted by th
14、e student newspaper, the Harvard Crimson. The survey, based on a sample of more than 70% of new students, also asked about cheating. It found 9% admitted to having cheated in an exam. There were others who had cheated in homework, academic work and other assignments.So will students be stopped from
15、cheating by a promise?A study published in October by the US National Bureau of Economic Research found “strong evidence” of cheating from at least 10% of students. “It is not surprising that students cheat they have enough reasons to do so, and the likelihood of getting caught is low，” concluded th
16、e study. “What is perhaps more surprising is that so little effort is devoted to catching cheating students.”Would an honor code make a difference?Sir Cary Cooper, a professor at Manchester Business School, says, “I dont think it actually stops the cheating that much. A university will have it becau
17、se it gives specific moral guidance about what is incorrect behavior.”语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，在注册和考试前让学生签署诚信守则，以此来提升学术诚信度。5Whats the main purpose of Harvards honor code?ATo spread knowledge.BTo prevent students cheating in exams.CTo punish students cheating in exams.DTo introduce results of f
18、ailing in the exams.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句及第一段内容可知，哈佛大学的诚信守则的主要目的是防止学生考试作弊。故选B。6What made Harvards honor code appear?AThe survey by the Harvard Crimson.BA lot of Harvards students suggestions.CThe influence from the other US universities.DA number of Harvards students cheating in exams.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段
19、第一句及第三段内容可知，作弊事件迫使哈佛大学采用诚信守则制度。故选D。7What do we know about the new students of Harvard?ANobody admitted having cheated in exams.BSome of them cheated in academic work.CAll of them cheated on homework.DThey didnt cheat in exams.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句及第四段内容可知，一些哈佛新生曾在学术作业中作弊过。故选B。C(2018福州五校第一次联考)There is
20、 a popular saying in the English language：“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, namecalling or even the socalled “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.A recent study of mi
21、ddle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ev
22、er been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.The images showed that the people who r
23、eported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.The middle sch
24、ool years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of
25、 people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatrys website.Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明
26、文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。8Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?ATo show the power of words.BTo introduce an opposite view.CTo prove the authors argument.DTo show ancient peoples wisdom.解析：选B作者意图题。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well, tha
27、t is not true. Unkind words . sometimes even more so.”可知，本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。9What will be discussed in the next paragraph?AComments on the findings.BApproaches to further studies.CSuggestions to parents.DDifferent opinions on the matter.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可
28、能遭受的语言暴力做好准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。10What is the main idea of the passage?AThe way we speak matters.BVerbal violence should be stopped.CUnkind words hurt the brain.DWords are worse than sticks and stones.解析：选C主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据文中的“verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm develop
29、ment in the brain”可以看出，其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。.阅读七选五(2018合肥第二次质量检测)Empathy, the Key to Being KindIn science class, your teacher tells everyone to find a partner for a project. Out of the corner of your eye, you notice one girl sitting alone and not making eye contact with anyone. You think about aski
30、ng her to be your partner, but youre afraid people will think youre uncool. You dont reach out to them. _1_Empathy is being able to understand and actually feel what someone else is feeling. For some people, this comes naturally; for others, it takes a bit more work. _2_ When you practice being empa
31、thetic, it gets easier to make kindness part of your everyday life. If you can understand why people are feeling down, youll want to help them. Here are some ideas that can help you._3_ Not being able to find a group in class might not seem like a big deal but part of being kind is noticing when som
32、eone seems sad, hurt or uncomfortable. After all, you have to notice how people feel in order to feel empathy and want to help them!When youre trying to make kindness second nature, really getting other peoples feelings is important. _4_ Think about a time when you felt that way. Didnt you wish some
33、one would reach out to you? If someone had offered you a few words of comfort, wouldnt it have made you feel so much happier?So, when you find people around you who are feeling down next time, do not hesitate to put yourself in their shoes and reach out to them with a kind gesture. _5_ There is alwa
34、ys a time when you expect others to relate to you and feel what you feel.AAnd your kindness will be finally rewarded.BBut empathy is super important to being kind.CBe open to learning more about what you dont understand.DOne way to practice empathy is to pay attention to the people around you.EHowev
35、er, you never know showing empathy may make all the difference to her.FYou dont have to have a similar background to someone else to feel empathy for them.GWhenever you find someone might be feeling lonely or sad, put yourself in his shoes.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“移情”的作用和定义，并介绍了如何让自己更好地帮助别人、理解别人。1选E分析文章结
36、构可知，本空用来引入本文的话题，在这里起到承上启下的作用。结合标题“Empathy, the Key to Being Kind”可知，空处说明你可以通过“移情”解决问题，引出对“移情”的作用的介绍，所以选E项。2选B根据空后一句中的“it gets easier to make kindness part of your everyday life”可以判断，“移情”对使善良成为每日生活的一部分非常重要，故B项正确。3选D根据本段内容可知，本段介绍的是如何实现“移情”；结合本段尾句可知，本段主要陈述“关注周围的人”这一方法，故D项正确。4选G根据空前的“really getting other peoples feelings”和空后的“Think about a time when you felt that way.”可知，理解别人的情感十分重要，据此可以判断，G项与此处匹配。5选A根据空前一句中的“do not hesitate .with a kind gesture”及空后一句可知，当你遇到沮丧的人时，应当毫不犹豫地设身处地为他们着想并伸出援助之手，因为总会有一些时候，你也期待别人能理解你；据此可以判断，A项符合语境。
