1、第 四 讲模块一 语法专练：定语从句【考点透视】分析近两年全国高考和各省市命题的英语科试卷的单项填空题，几乎每一套试题都涉及到定语从句的内容，这充分说明了定语从句在整各中学英语语法中的位置和重要性。研读高考试题中定语从句的有关题目不难看出，定语从句主要的考点热点是：定语从句中关系词的区别；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句；“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；定语从句和同位语从句的区别；定语从句的分割现象等。下面归纳一下定语从句的几个要点：（一）由who，whom，whose引导的定语从句这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。（二）由which引导的定语从句which
2、在从句中作主语，或谓语动词或介词的宾语，如： This is the pen which you want.（三）由that引导的定语从句 that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。（四）由when，where，why引导的定语从句 先行词表示地点时，有时用where，有时用that引导定语从句。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的来判断，是及物的就用that(which)，否则用where。如： This is the room where he lived last year. This is the house that (w
3、hich) he visited last year.注意：在引导定语从句中，which与that的用法区别：1在下列情况下，只能用that，不能用which： (1)先行词是不定代词：all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything等时； (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时； (3)先行词被all，any，every，few，little，no，some等修饰时； (4)先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时； (5)先行词既有人又有物时。 2在下列情况下，只能用which而不用that： (1
4、)如果句中有两个定语从句，其中个用了that，另一个最好用which； (2)前面紧接着有介词； (3)非限制性从句中不用that。（五）同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 1从意义上：同位语从句对名词或补充说明或进行解释，而定语从句进行修饰、限定，相当于一个形容词的作用。2从结构上：同位语从句由连接代词，副词引导，最常用的连接词that一般不省略，也不在从句中作成分，而定语从句由关系代词/ 副词引导，that在定语从句中作主语不能省略，作宾语可省略。3从涵义上：同位语从句与所说明、解释的句词无逻辑关系，而定语从句所修饰的句词是该从句逻辑上的主、宾、表、定、状语等。如： (1)The news th
5、at they had won the game arrived soon. 他们在比赛中获胜了，这个消息很快传来了。(同位语从句)(the news和that they had won the game无逻辑关系) (2) The news that you told me yesterday is true. 昨天你告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句) (the news在定语从句中相当于told的逻辑宾语)4同位语从句说明，解释的句词有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名词，而定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词无限制，既可指人，又可指物。【题例精析】【例1】The farm _ we see t
6、oday is no longer the one _ it was ten years ago.A. that; thatB. where; thatC. where; whereD. which; which【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要注意判断表示地点的先行词在定语从句中用作宾语或状语时，以及用作表语时关系词的选用。【要点精析】分析句子结构可以知道，两空均为定语从句结构，表示地点的先行词the farm 在第一空的定语从句中作谓语动词see的宾语，故第一空应为关系代词 that，which 或省略；the farm 在第二空的定语从句中作表语，故只可以用that 连接，不可用which，
7、且不可省略。【答案】A【例2】I often think of the days _ I stayed with them, _ has a great effect on my job.A. which; thatB. that; whichC. when; whoD. when; which【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要准确判断表示时间的先行词在定语从句中所作的成分以及非限制性定语从句中的关系词所指代的对象。【要点精析】句中的the days 为表示时间的先行词，在I stayed with the experts 的定语从句中用作时间状语，故第一空的关系词应选when 或in which
8、；第二空关系词作主语引导非限制性定语从句，代指的是前面整个句子的内容，故必须选用which连接。【答案】D【专项检测】1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman
9、of the Students Union.A. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. whichC. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at whic
10、hC. in whichD. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. whichC. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. why B. whichC. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Art
11、hur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name8. _is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk
12、frequently.A who B. asC. about which D. with whom10. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. whereC. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for thee years.A. that; which B. when; in whichC
13、. /; where D. which; that12. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _ was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; wh
14、ere D. where; that14. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whomC. that D. /15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What16. When was the house built? It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. whi
15、ch B. thatC. what D. when17. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. as B. whichC. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whomD. both of them19. The young mother mw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B.
16、 and that C. and which D. that20. Is this the reason _he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. whatC. how D. why21. The place _ interested me most was the Gnat Wall.A. in which B. whichC. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offend to any Chinese acto
17、r or actress so far.A. which are not B. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been23. Id like a car _ front lights an big and tuned.A. which B. thatC. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. whichC. what D. that25. T
18、he artist _ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; whoC. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasnt been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. whichC. that D. this27. Now teenagers l
19、ike to go to the fast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. whoC. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours.A. which B. whoC. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A
20、. for whom B. to whomC. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whomC. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. whichC. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he r
21、eturned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. whereC. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who
22、 B. whichC. this D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. ItC. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ ti
23、me he learned some English.A. this B. whichC. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture,_ colour is blue.A. whose B. of whichC. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. thatC. which D. when40. He bought a book that could glee him much kno
24、wledge and _ could help him to kill the time.A. that B. where C. which D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked in ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in thatC. whose D. which42. Luckily, wed brought a mad map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. thatC. this D. whic
25、h43. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I think which is44. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. whoC. whom D. this45. I think you have got to the point _ change is needed, or you w
26、ould fail A. when B. thatC. where D. which46. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. whenC. where D. in which47. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. whereC. in which D. what48. Is this museum _ they visited last month?A. that B. whichC
27、. where D. the one49. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. whichC. that D. when50. She was not the woman _ she was before.A. what B. whoC. that D. where51. In one night, the city was completely destroyed by a terrible earthquake, _ about 240,000 p
28、eople died.A. that B. whichC. in which D. the one 52. The old lady, _ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.A. all her children B. all of her childrenC. all of whose children D. whose all children53. The wrong you have done to him is terrible, for _ you should make an ap
29、ology to him, I think.A. that B. whichC. what D. this54. He worked seven days a week, and six of _ until one oclock at night.A. that B. which C. the time D. them55. The girl _ bike you took just now _ at it.A. her; very cross B. her; was very crossC. whose; to be very cross D. whose; is very cross56
30、. It is in Nantong _ youre going to pay a visit to _ this kind of radio is made. (2007南通四县市联考)A. /; thatB. where; whichC. /; whereD. the; which57. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. （2006北京卷） A. who; / B. /; whoC. who; wh
31、o D. /; /58. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江苏卷）A. who B. thatC. as D. which59. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run b
32、ack in the direction _ she had come. （2006重庆卷） A. of which B. by whichC. in which D. from which60. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.（2006上海卷） A. where B. whenC. which D. what【答案解析】1B。本题题干中的effects和先行词floods之间有所属关系，所以要用whose，这样from whose effects一起引导定语
33、从句。本题答案是：B。2A。通过分析属干可以知道。先行词表示的是一个时间段，且在从句中充当时间状语，根据这个意思，用“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句。c项中的whose不能用来指代时间。本题答案是：A。3C。本题考查关系副词where在定语从句中的用法。现行词a business表示地点“公司”，在定语从句中作状语，故选用where。4C。本题考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时。从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。介词的选择，取决于与现行词成从句之间的关系。“在英语剧中扮演角色”应为act in the English play，因此关系代词which前应用介词i
34、n，故本题选C。5B。本题考查非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导；关系词在定语从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，故正确答案是B。 6D。本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。本题先行词是cases，意为“个案”。从句中不缺少主语和宾语。故应用where引导定语从句且在从句中作状语。正确答案是D。7D。whose引导定语从句时，只能用作定语；其他选项均不能构成定语从句。8B。引导非限制性定语从句，而且可以放在句首，这时as用作从句中的主语，代替主句的内容。如果把句中的逗号去掉，就可以选A项。 9D。talk的意思是“交谈”，是不及物动词，后面带宾语就要带适当的介词，因为定语从句的先
35、行词是人，一个构成talk with sb.结构，且把介词提前。 10D。通过分析可以知道：that evening是定语从句的先行词，但是在句子中用作介词about的宾语，所以不能用when，要用which引导定语从句。 11C。在第一个定语从句中，引导词作visited的宾语，应用关系代词作引导词或省略引导词；在第二个定语从句中，I是主语，worked是不及物动词，不能带宾语，故引导词作状语，选where。12D。当先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词或the only，the very等修饰时，定语从句要用that引导，而不能用which。 13A。引导词在第一个定语从句中作状语，在第二个定语
36、从句中作主语。又因that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选A。 14A。去掉非限制性定语从句中的插入语I think后，可以看出引导词在从句中作主语，故选who。 15B。as可单独引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其位置可在主句之前，也可在主句之后。 16D。先行词1949为表示时间的词，引导词代替先行词在从句中作状语，意为共和国于1949年建立，故选when。 17D。当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句常用that而不用which引导。18C。两句中间为逗号且无连词，说明选项所在句子是个非限制
37、性定语从句，可排除A、D。在B、C中，根据主谓一致原则选C。 19B。选项B使两句之间构成并列句，其中that为指示代词，指代前句内容；如将选项所在句子看作非限制性定语从句，则无正确答案。 20A。reason作先行词时，如引导词在从句中作状语，用why引导定语从句；如引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，用that或which引导定语从句。引导词在此题中作的是explained的宾语，故选A。 21B。引导词在从句中作主语。注意：“介词+关系代词”相当于when，在从句中作状语，what不能引导定语从句。 22B。此题属于“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构。在此结构中，如引导词作主语，one前
38、有the only，the very等修饰时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数；如没有，谓语动词用复数。另外，so far常和现在完成时连用。23C。whose和of which都可作定语表示“谁的”，但whose须放在无定冠词the的名词前，of which常放在有定冠词the的名词后。例如：China, whose area (the area of which)is about 9,600,000 sq. km., lies in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲的东部，它的面积为九百六十万千方公里。24B。此题属于“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词指物时关系代词用whi
39、ch，指人时用whom。25D。第一个定语从句相当于the judge gave a prize to the artist。第二个定语从句相当于I have been taught painting for two year by the teacher。26B。which引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句内容，即清洁工人好几周没打扫街道一事。27D。从句的主语和宾语分别是eating，much time，引导词where在从句中作状语表示地点。28A。由句意可知，定语从句的先行词是some pictures而不是some teachers。29C。定语从句相当于he invited all
40、his friends to the club。30D。从句的主语family与先行词anyone有所属关系，因此选关系代词whose。31B。非限定性定语从句。关系代词which代替整个主句。32B。先行词the small town是地点，且从句谓语grow up是长大成人的意思，不缺句子成分，这里需要一个表地点的副词when。33D。此句是整个句子作先行词的非限定性定语从句。关系代词which代替整个主句。34D。此句是整个句子作先行词的非限定性定语从句，of course是插入语，关系代词which代替整个主句。35B。在非限定性定语从句中Chinese vase与the price有
41、所属关系，the price of which相当于whose price。36A。关系代词as有“正如”之意。37D。先行词是3 months，this，that，same均不能用于介词前提的定语从句。38A。从句的主语colour与先行词picture有所属关系，所以选表示隶属关系的whose。39C。非限定性定语从句。先性词是whenever I met him，我经常遇到他一事，关系代词which代替整个主句。40C。如果主句有两个定语从句，且已经有一个用关系代词that引导，另一个定语从句用which引导。41C。从句的主语department与先行词boss有所属关系，所以选表隶属
42、关系的whose，同时，work in是固定搭配。42D。which指先行词a road map， 本题考查了介词without加关系代词which的用法。43A。此句是整个句子He made another wonderful discovery作先行词的非限定性定语，从句缺少主语，which代替整个句子作主语，is of great important to为固定词组，I think为插入语。44A。先行词the bag是事物，who，whom表示人，this是指示代词，故选关系代词that。45C。本题考查定语从句。point意为“地点、地步”，通过分析句子的结构，不难看出该从句缺少状语
43、，所以B项、D项可排除，而A项表时间，不合要求，亦排除，因此C项正确。46D。先行词the day是时间，从句又不缺句子成分，所以选表示时间的关系副词when作状语。47A。先行词是the shop，which作从句的主语。in which相当于where，不能作主语；what不能引导定语从句。48D。主句主语是this museum，is是系动词，缺少表语the one，定语从句的关系代词作宾语省略了。49D 先行词是the sitting-room，定语从句不缺句子成分故用表地点的关系副词where作状语。50C。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that，关系代词作从句she was的表
44、语。51C。in which指in the earthquake，介词不可以与关系代词that搭配。52C。all of whose children中whose在定语从句中作定语，A、B选项看似正确，但不能引导定语从句。53B。注意固定词组make an apology to sbfor sth.，所以只有for which正确。A、D选项看似正确，但不能引导非限定性定语从句。54D。连词and连接的是并列句，而非定语从句。55D。第一个空考查作定语的用法，第二个空考查固定词组be cross at sth.的用法意思是“对生气”。56A。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空引导的是定语从句，先行词Nantong在从句中作pay a visit to的宾语。第二空考查“It is that ”的强调句型。57C。本题考查定语从句关系代词。很明显，第一个先行词指人、而第二个则从上下文看those指代的也是人。所以关系代词要用who。又因为均作主语，所以不能省略who。58D。which引导的是非限制性定语从句。59D。from which = from the direction。60C。题中which在定语从句作主语，不能省略，它修饰先行词places。which可以用that代替。
