1、状语从句知识点 在从句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。用于修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，根据意义，状语从句可分为：时间,地点,原因,结果,条件,目的,比较,方式,让步等九种。状语从句可以放在句末或句首，有时也置于句子的中间，置于句首时或句中时，一般用逗号与主句分开。时间状语从句常用引导词及其含义：1. when (当时)，从句的动作与主句的动作同时或在主句动作之前发生，与延续或非延续性的动词连用均可。如：When it rains, I go to school by bus instead of by bike.要是天下雨，我就乘公共汽车而不是骑自行车去上学。I shall t
2、ell her the good news when she comes.她来的时候我就告诉她这个好消息。When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out.当钟敲响十点时，所有的灯都熄灭了。When you read the poem a second time , the meaning will become clearer to you.当你再一次对这首诗时，你就会更清楚它的意思。2. while (当时，在过程中)强调某段时间内主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时间发生；while常可表示during the time that即“
3、在的时候”，含有一个动作在另一个动作正在进行或持续过程中的某一时刻发生，while通常应该与延续性动词连用。如：While I was in the United States, I saw him twice.当我去美国时，我见过他两次。Please keep quiet while others are studying.当别人在学习时，你要保持安静。While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.昨天晚上我在写信，而他在看电视。-Im going to the office.- While youre there, c
4、an you get me some stamps?-我要去办公室。-当你去哪儿时，请你帮我卖几张邮票好吗？The idea came to Mr. Brown while he was driving to work last week.上一周当布朗先生开车去上班时，他突然想到这个主意。Keep an eye on my little sister, while I am away.请你在我出去时帮我照看一下我的小妹妹好吗？3. as (当时，一边一边，随着)，若主句与从句的主语相同，用as强调主句和从句动作同时发生；有时也表示“在的过程中，另外一件事发生了”或“随着多久过去，什么事发生了”
5、。如：He trembled as he spoke.他一边说话一边发抖。He made a deep bow as he greeted me.他问候我时给我拘了一个躬。As the pupils walked along the lake, they sang happily.学生们沿着湖边走着，一边快乐地唱着歌。As I sat thinking about my life, I began to realize how sweet life is.当我坐着想到我的生活时，我开始意识到生活多么甜蜜。As the days went on, the weather got worse.随着
6、日子的推移，天气变得更糟了。4. before (在之前)，常表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前发生。如：It seems only seconds before the boy finished washing his face.这个孩子没几下就把脸洗了。He signed the papers before I could stop him.我没来得及阻止他，他就在文件上签了字。I didnt know any English before I came here.在我来这儿之前我一点也不懂英语。I had written my report before my mother came ba
7、ck.在我妈妈回来之前我就把报告写好了。5. after (在之后)，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后发生。如：After he locked the door, he left.他锁了门，然后就走了。After he had finished his work, he played a game of chess with his friend.在他完成工作之后，他就跟他的朋友下棋。6. since (自从以来)，从句中的动词多用一般过去时，表示动作的起点，主句中的动词一般用现在完成时，表示动作延续的情况。若主句中的动词表示状态，可用一般现在时。若从句中的动词用了过去完成时，则主句中的动词也
8、用过去完成时。Since he entered the university, he has made great progress in his studies.自从他进入大学以来，他的学习取得了很大进步。Three years has passed since Mr. Green came to China.格林先生来到中国已经有三年了。It is three weeks since she left for Japan.她去日本有三周了。注：a.在since分句中，动词通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时，与之搭配的主句动词通常用现在完成时，若主句中的动词表示状态，可用一般现在时。I have
9、nt seen him since his wedding day.自从他的婚礼后我就一直没有见到他。Its eight years since they got married.他们结婚八年了。b.如果since分句中的动作或状态延续到说话时间，通常要用延续性动词或静态动词的现在完成时。The house has been in need of repair since he has lived in it.自从他住在这儿，这栋房子一直需要修理。c.如果since分句中动词用延续性动词的一般过去时，它所表示的是否定意义。如：-What was the party like?-Wonderfu
10、l . Its years since I enjoyed myself so much.-这个晚会怎么样？-好极了，我有好多年没有这么开心的玩了。试比较：Its eight years since they got married.他们结婚八年了。（非延续性动词一般过去时肯定意义）Its eight years since they were married.他们离婚八年了。（延续性动词一般过去时表示否定意义）再比较：The house has been in need of repair since he has lived in it.自从他住在这儿，这栋房子就一直需要修理。（非延续性动
11、词的现在完成时肯定意义）The house has been in need of repair since he lived in it.自从他（没有住在这儿）搬走后，这栋房子就一直需要修理。（延续性动词的一般过去时表示否定意义）7. till/until (直到为止)，主句和从句都用肯定式；(直到才)主句用否定式（谓语动词一般用非延续性的动词），从句用肯定式。They worked till it was dark.他们一直工作到天黑。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.直到车停好了才可以下车。She didnt go to bed unti
12、l she had reviewed her lessons.直到她复习了功课才上床睡觉。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你解释了应该怎样做，我才会做。8. as soonas /the moment / the minute/immediately/instantly(一就)，用于说明过去情况，主句和从句中的动词一般都用过去时；用于说明将来，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。如：The moment he opened the window, a sparrow flew in.他一打开窗子，一只麻雀就飞了
13、进来。As soon as she came to the classroom, she began to read English.她一到教室，就开始读英语。9. no soonerthan / Hardly/Scarcelywhen (刚就)，从句中的动词一般用过去完成时，而且要用部分倒装，主句中的动词用一般过去时态。如：No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the performance began.我一到达剧院表演就开始了。Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.我一走进房间电
14、话就响了。Scarcely had he entered the classroom when the teacher began his lecture.我刚进教室老师就开始上课了。10. everytime/each time（每当，每次），一般表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。如：Every time he came, he would bring us a lot of glowers.每次他来，他都会给我们带许多花。11. by the time（到时为止），从句用过去时，主句用过去完成时；从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来完成时。如：By the time we arrived,
15、 the party had ended.当我们到达时，晚会已经结束了。By the time the letter reaches you, I will have left the country.当你收到这封信时，我已经离开这个国家了。12. once（一旦就），引导时间状语从句，却带有条件的味道。如：Once you see it, youll never forget it.一旦你看见它，你就决不会忘记。Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.一旦抓住了主要矛盾，
16、一切问题就迎刃而解了。13. the next day（的第二天）, the last day（的最后一天）, the first time（第一次）, the last time（最后一次）等短语也可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。如：The next day he arrived in Beijing, he went to see his English teacher.在他到达北京的第二天，他就去看望了他的英语老师。The first time I met her, she was doing some shopping.我第一次见到她时，她正在买东西。The last time I
17、saw him, he was leaving for Tibet.当我最后一次见到他是，他正要去西藏。地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的常用连词有：where（在地方）。如：Ill go where work conditions are difficult.我要去工作条件艰苦的地方。After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.战争结束后，一幢教学楼在曾经是家剧院的地方建了起来。While reading, youd better make a mark where you
18、 have any question.读书时，你最好在你有问题的地方作个记号。You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.你应该养成一种习惯,即把东西放在下次好找的地方。After living in Paris for fifteen years he returned where he grew up as a child.他在巴黎住了十五年后，他也回到了他孩提时代成长的地方。原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常用连词有：because（因为）, since（既然）, as（由于）, now t
19、hat(=since)（既然）等。注意表示原因的连词because, as, since, for的区别：because, since, as都可引导原因状语从句，但所表示的原因在语气上有所差别：because表示直接的原因或理由，其重点在从句上，一般用来回答why引起的问句，语气最强。如：She was absent today because she was ill.（他今天没有来，因为他生病了。）；Since表示对方已知的，无需加以说明的，既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句。如：Since you cant go there, Ill go alone.（既然你不能去，那我就只好单独一人去了
20、。）； as表示明摆着的原因，多说明因果关系，重点在主句上，可放于句首也可放于句末。如：As it is raining heavily, we shall not go to the park.（由于天小着大雨，我们不会去公园了。）再如：He didnt hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio.他没有听见敲门声，因为他在听收音机。Hes done best in the exam because of all the students he is the most diligent.他这次考得最好
21、，因为在所有的学生中他是最勤奋的。Since you cant help me, Ill have to do it by myself.既然你不能帮我，我就只好自己做了。Since everybody knows about it, I dont want to talk any more.既然大家都知道这事，我就不再多说。As the day was fine, they decided to go on a trip.由于天气好，他们决定出去旅游。As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up
22、the word.由于他不懂英语，他拿出词典，开始查这个单词。Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.既然你已得到一个机会，你就应该充分利用它。Now that you have got the book, youll have to read it carefully.既然你已经得到了那本书，你就一定要认真读它。另外，for可作并列连词，表示一种推理、解释或附加说明，而不是指理由和原因，for引导的分句，不能放在句首，for前须有逗号与前一个分句分开。如：He must be ill now, fo
23、r he didnt come today.他一定是生病，不然他怎么没来呢。目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的常用连词有：(so) that（以便，为了）（不能置语句首）, in order that（以便，为了）（可以置语句首）, for fear that（以免，以防）, lest（以免，以防）, in case（以防万一）等。通常目的状语从句中的谓语含有情态动词，如：can(could), may(might), will(would)等，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号。另外in order to do, so as to do, to do也能引导不定式短语作目的状语。如：Speak to
24、him slowly so that he may understand you better.讲慢些,以便他能更好的理解你的意思Lift it up so that I may see it.举高一点，以便我可以看见它。We all get up early in order that we might start at seven.我们都早点起床，以便我们可以七点钟出发。He raised his hand in order that the bus might stop.他举起手，以便公共汽车可以停下来。John may phone tonight. I dont want to go
25、out in case he phones.约翰今晚可能打电话来，我不想出去，以防万一他打来电话。Ill leave him a message so that he will know where we are.我会给他留个口信，以便他会知道我们在那儿。结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的常用连词有：so（以致，结果是）, so that（以致，结果是） sothat（如此以致/结果是）, suchthat（如此以致/结果是）等。通常结果状语从句中的谓语不用情态动词，主句和从句之间可用逗号分开。如：They worked hard, so that they finished their work
26、 ahead of time.他们都努力工作，以致他们都提前完成了工作。He did so well that he was praised by the teacher.他干得如此之好，以致老师都表扬了他。He set off early so that he caught the first bus.= He set off early, so he caught the first bus.他一早出发，以致赶上了头班公共汽车。He didnt plan his time well, so that he didnt catch the bus.他没有把时间计划好，结果没有赶上公共汽车。W
27、e were so excited that we couldnt speak.我们兴奋得话都说不出来了。He gave me such good advice that I finished the task ahead of time.他给我提出了如此好的建议，以致我都提前完成了任务。注：要正确区分so和such的用法：a. 在sothat句型中，so用于修饰形容词或副词。如果名词前面有表示数量多少的词，即：many, few, much, little这些词时，也应该用so修饰。如：He was so tired that he couldnt keep his eyes open.他是
28、如此地疲倦以致眼睛都张不开了。The family had so little money that they couldnt buy the house.这家没有多少钱，还买不起这幢房子。There were so few workers that they couldnt finish the job on time.这么少的工人，他们不可能按时完成这项工作。There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.噪音太大了，人们都听不见演讲者在说什么。b.在suchthat句型中，such用于修饰名词。如果s
29、uchthat句型中的名词是一个可数名词的单数，且被形容词修饰，即具有句型“such a (an ) + adj. + n.”，则可以改为“so + adj. + a (an )+ n.”。如：This is such an interesting book that I want to read it once again.= This so interesting a book that I want to read it once again.这是一本非常有趣的书，我还想再读一遍。This is such a beautiful park that everyone enjoys him
30、self in it.= This is so beautiful a park that everyone enjoys himself in it.这个公园非常美，大家进去都玩得非常开心。It was such a fine day that we went out for a swim.=It was so fine a day that we went out for a swim.天气太好了，我们出去游泳了。条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的常用连词有：if（如果）, unless（如果不=ifnot）, so / as long as（只要就）, on condition that（条
31、件是）等。如：If you check your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.如果你更加仔细地检查你的作文，有些拼写错误是可以避免的。You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果不立即动身，你就会晚了。I wonder if she will help us but I think if she helps us well be able to complete the work ahead of time.我不知道她是否会帮助我，我想，要是她帮助我
32、的话，我就能够提前完成这个工作。Will you go fishing with us this Sunday?你愿意这周星期天跟我们一切去钓鱼吗？- Can you take me to the Summer Palace tomorrow,Dad?- I can unless it rains.-爸爸，你明天可以带我去颐和园吗？-要是不下雨，我就可以带你去。Ill lend you my dictionary on condition that you bring it back in two days.我会把词典借给你，条件是你两天后就还回来。注：when有时可以表示“既然”引导一个条件
33、状语从句。如：Why do you walk when you might ride a bike?既然可以骑车，你为什么要步行呢?How can I bring Jack to his sense when he will not listen?既然杰克不肯听，我又怎能使他清醒起来呢?Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?既然你已经得到了这么好的工作,你为什么还想找一分新工作呢?比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的常用连词有：asas,than, not as / so as, the+比较级the+比较级
34、（越越）等。比较状语从句部分可用省略句。如：John plays football as well as, if not better than,David.约翰如果不比大卫踢得好也与他踢得一样好.I know you better than he does.我比他跟了解你。-How are you today?- Oh, I havent felt as ill as I do now for a longtime.-你今天感觉怎么样？-好久没有像现在这样感觉不好了。- How often did you give him money?-More times than I can remem
35、ber.-你多久给他一次钱？-我都记不清了。The English text isnt so easy as we imagined before.这篇课文并不象我们以前想象的那么容易。This film is not so / as interesting as that one.这部电影不如那部电影有趣。The heart transplant is not done nearly as often asit was ten years ago.心脏移植手术并不象十年前那样经常进行。They will produce 20% more computers than we did last
36、year.他们将会并去年多生产百分之二十的计算机。The more we can do for others，the happier well be.我们为别人做得越多，我们心里就越高兴。I like the black coffee so much because the stronger it is, the more I like it.我非常喜欢这种黑咖啡，因为咖啡越浓，我就越喜欢。注：在含有as, so, too, how等副词修饰的形容词，其后又有可数名词单数的结构中，往往用“as / so / too / how / + adj. + a( an ) + n.”。如：Exerci
37、se is as good a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.做操与其它方法一样是减掉不必要的体重的好方法。方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的常用连词有：as（正如那样） as though/if（似乎，好象）等。如：Do as our teacher tells you.请按我们老师告诉你的那样去作.All plants need air as they need water.所有的植物需要空气正如植物需要水一样。He walks as though/if he were drunken.他走起路来就好象喝醉了酒。She treated me
38、very well as though/ if I were her own son.她对我非常好，就好象我是她的亲儿子一样。They talked so much as though/if they had been friends for years.他们谈得非常投机，好象他们是多年的朋友似的。让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的常用连词有：though（虽然，尽管） although（虽然，尽管） as（虽然，尽管） even if/though（即使） whoever(=no matter who)（无论是谁，主格） whomever(=no matter whom)（无论是谁，宾格） wh
39、atever(=no matter what)（无论什么） whichever(=no matter which)（无论那一个/那些） however(=no matter how)（无论这样） whenever(no matter when)（为了什么时候） wherever(no matter where )（无论在哪儿） whether(or) (not)（不管是否，不管还是）等。如：Although she is young, she knows quite a lot.尽管她还年轻,但她却懂得很多Although he is considered a great writer, hi
40、s works are not widely read .尽管他被认为是个伟大的作家，但他的作品并没有广泛地被阅读。Tom ate the biggest breakfast although he said he wasnt hungry.尽管汤姆说他他不饿，但他早餐吃得非常多。- My watch started up again.- You should take it to be repaired even though it is working.-我的表又开始走了。-即使它现在在走，你也应该把它修一下。Nobody believed her no matter what she s
41、aid.不管她说什么都没有人相信她。If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however great it is.如果我们意志坚强，无论困难有多大，我们都能战胜它。However much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.无论我给他提出多少建议，他就只做他想做的什么。Wherever he is, he will be thinking of others.无论他在那儿，他就只想到别人。注：以as引导的让步状语从句常用倒装语序。I
42、.表语放于句首。如：Tired as she was, she still worked there.尽管她很疲劳，但她还在那儿工作。Difficult as the work was , it was finished in time.尽管工作很困难，但还是要按时完成。II.名词放于句首，当单数可数名词或形容词最高级作表语时，该名词或该形容词最高级前不加冠词。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他还是个孩子，但他懂很多事。Doctor as he is, he knows medicine no better than I.虽然他是医生，但他对医术懂得跟我一
43、样小。Youngest as he is in our class, he sings English songs best.尽管他是我们班最小的，但他的英语歌唱得最好。III.副词位于句首。如：Much as I like the watch, I wont buy it.经过我非常喜欢这只表，我却不会买它。Hard as I worked, I couldnt finish the job on time.经过我努力工作了，但我还是没有按时完成这个工作。IV.动词原形位于句首。如：Try as he might, he failed to pass the exam.尽管他尽力了，但他还是
44、没有能够通过考试。Search as they would, they couldnt find the man in the forest.即使他们会去寻找，他们也不可能在森林中找到这个人。注：在时间状语从句，条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，现在完成时表示将来完成时等。如：The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.新秘书一来就应该向经理报道。Since you are not busy this evening, why not drop in on the old professor to ask foradvice?既然你今晚有空，为什么不去老教授那儿向他请教呢？Well have to finish the job, however long it takes.无论需要多长时间，我们都必须完成这项工作。