1、选修八 Unit 5 课下语篇提能练.阅读理解Though the harmful effects of plastic on wildlife and human health are welldocumented, this material is hard to avoid.Nearly everything we touch, from grocery bags to drink bottles, to food packaging, contains plastic.Now, Amsterdams Ekoplaza supermarket is making it a little
2、easier for consumers to reduce consumption of singleuse plastic bags and containers, which are blocking our landfills at alarming rates, with a special plasticfree aisle (通道)Believed to be the worlds first, the aisle has 700 products on sale including rice, beans, yogurt, chocolate milk, cereal, sna
3、cks and meat.While items still require packaging, everything is housed inside reusable or recyclable containers made of glass, metal or cardboard.The unique idea was given to the grocerychain officials by UKbased environmental group A Plastic Planet, which takes the lead to advocate for at least one
4、 plasticfree aisle in supermarkets around the globe.The nonprofit has even created a signature “plasticfree” mark to help consumers identify ecofriendly packaging. “This is a consumerled campaign，” said a group cofounder Sian Sutherland. “Were a grassroots organization.So obviously were working with
5、 industry and the government, but most importantly, we represent the public.”Ekoplaza, which plans to roll out the plasticfree aisles across its 74 stores by the end of the year, is not the only company trying to reduce plastic waste.In Berlin, the Original Unverpackt grocery store has been trying t
6、o change customer habits since 2014 by selling everything, from grain to produce and even soaps without plastic packaging.The supermarket, which requires customers to bring their own reusable containers, even sells chewable toothpaste that needs no tubes.Though it is encouraging to see companies try
7、ing to make a difference, for real change to happen, consumers have to avoid products encased in plastics, even if it means giving up their favorite food or drink.As Sutherland put it, “Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwar
8、ds.”语篇解读：本文主要介绍了超市在减少塑料包装上的努力。1What does Ekoplaza want to do by setting up a plasticfree aisle?ACut down managing cost.BReduce plasticpackaging.CMake shopping much easier.DIncrease the amount of sales.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Now, Amsterdams Ekoplaza supermarket is making . with a special plasticfree ais
9、le (通道)”可知，Ekoplaza设立无塑料通道是为了减少塑料包装，故选B。2Which of the following can make a real difference?AConsumers.BSupermarkets.COrganizations. DCompanies.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可推知，尽管公司正在尽力发挥作用，但是只有作为塑料包装消费主体的消费者行动起来才会减少塑料垃圾，故选A。3What does Sutherland think of plastic packaging in the future?AIt will be of no use
10、to consumers.BIt will exist for a long time.CIt will disappear in this century.DIt will replace other containers.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwards.”可知，塑料包装还会存在很长一段时间，故选B。4What might be the titl
11、e of the passage?APlastics Are Harmful to the EnvironmentBNonprofits Can Help the SupermarketsCConsumers Should Change Shopping HabitsDSupermarkets Take Action for a Cleaner Planet解析：选D标题归纳题。根据第一段的导入和最后一段的总结可知，本文主要介绍了超市在减少塑料包装上的努力，故选D。.完形填空John Carpenter didnt like to buy toys.He liked the fun of _1
12、_ them himself. The thought that they were his own work _2_ him.Tom, one of his playmates, thought a toy was worth nothing _3_ it cost a great deal of money. “Come and look at my horse，” said Tom, one day, “_4_ a dollar, and it is such a beauty！” John was soon _5_ his friends horse, and he was exami
13、ning it _6_ to see how it was made.The same evening he tried to make a _7_ one for himself. He went into the wood shed and _8_ two pieces of wood one for the head of his horse, the other for the body.It took him two or three days to shape them to his _9_.But what about the wheels? This _10_ him.With
14、 great efforts, he finally got some _11_ pieces of wood which could suit his _12_.He ran to his friend Tom to show his great work.“You made it yourself! Oh, well, its a good horse for you to make. But it is not as good as mine. Mine cost a _13_， and yours didnt cost anything，” said Tom.“It was real
15、fun to make it, though，” said John, and away he ran with his horse _14_ after him.Does it really cost nothing and all his efforts are _15_？ Of course not, I will tell you.John Carpenter now is a master workman, and will soon have a shop of his own.语篇解读：你是喜欢自己亲手制作玩具，还是花钱买玩具呢？很多人会觉得花钱买的才有价值。其实当你发现自己亲自
16、动手制作玩具的乐趣时，你才能了解其真正的意义。1A.collectingBmakingCdoing Dinventing解析：选B根据上一句“约翰不喜欢买别人做的玩具”可推知，约翰喜欢自己制作(making)玩具的那份快乐。2A.concerned BannoyedCamazed Ddelighted解析：选D根据上文“He liked the fun of _1_ them himself.”可知，他喜欢制作玩具的乐趣，可见这个自己制作玩具的想法让他非常高兴(delighted)。3A.since Bin caseCunless Das if解析：选C根据上下文可知，他的一个玩伴汤姆，认为除
17、非(unless)花很多金钱买来的玩具，否则一文不值。4A.used BcostCwasted Dneeded解析：选B此处指马花了一美元。cost意为“花费”。5A.searching BfeelingCadmiring Dattending解析：选C根据下文约翰仔细观察，研究如何做的，然后自己做了一匹马可知，当约翰看到他朋友的马，很快就欣赏(admiring)起这匹马来，看看是怎么做出来的。6A.patiently BcasuallyCwillingly Dhurriedly解析：选A从空后的“to see how it was made”以及下文所做的玩具马可知，他耐心地(patient
18、ly)观察着。7A.vivid BcommonCsimilar Drare解析：选C根据上文可知，他非常喜欢汤姆的马，所以同一天晚上试着给自己做一个类似的(similar)马。8A.picked out Btook upCpicked up Dcame over解析：选A根据常识可知，他走进木棚，挑选(pick out)出两块木头，一块做马头，另一块做身体。9A.surprise BregretCrelief Dsatisfaction解析：选D结合选项，再根据后文内容可推知，此处表示他花了两、三天时间才做出令他满意的(to his satisfaction)形状。10A.excited Bc
19、heeredCpuzzled Damused解析：选C根据前一句“But what about the wheels？”及后一句“With great efforts, he finally got some .”可知，他不知用什么做轮子，因此这让他很困惑(puzzled)。11A.flat BroughCsharp Dround解析：选D根据常识可知，轮子是圆形的，肯定要用圆的(round)木头。12A.approach BcuriosityCconcern Dpurpose解析：选D他挑选这几块圆木是为了满足他做轮子的意图(purpose)。13A.pound BbillCnote Ddo
20、llar解析：选D根据第4空后的“a dollar”可知，汤姆说他的马是花一美元买的。14A.rolling BslippingCpassing Dmarching解析：选A约翰做的是有轮子的马，所以轮子是滚动(rolling)的。15A.for sure Bin vainCin order Din case解析：选B根据空前“Does it really cost nothing(这真的没有什么价值吗？)”和空后的内容可判断这里是问“他所有的努力都白费了(in vain)吗”？.语法填空A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing
21、._1_ (surround) the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing _2_ (dynasty)In order to establish the strongest power, emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas._3_ center of the city Beijing was the royal palace the Forbidden City.At the end of the Qing Dynast
22、y, after _4_ (close) China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost _5_ (they) former neat arrangement.After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, hutong conditions _6_ (improve)But in recent years, the houses in many hutongs have been pulled _7_ and replaced by m
23、odern buildings.And the hutong today is fading into the shade for _8_ tourists and local people.However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one _9_ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half population, so many hutongs _10_ (survive)In this respect, we see
24、the old in the new in Beijing as an ancient yet modern city.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。1Surrounding考查非谓语动词。胡同环绕着紫禁城，它们中的许多建造于元、明、清时期。分析该句结构可知，many前面的部分为状语；主语many代指“胡同”，和动词surround之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。2dynasties考查名词复数。根据该句中的“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知，该处指三个朝代，且dynasty为可数名词，故用复数形式。3The考查冠词。北京
25、城的中心是皇宫紫禁城。根据该句中的“of the city Beijing”可知，该处特指“北京城的中心”，故用定冠词The。4closed考查形容词。根据句子结构和空后的名词“China”可知，空处修饰该名词，表示“闭关自守的”，故用形容词。5their考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，故用形容词性物主代词。6were improved考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，胡同的状况得到了改善。该句主语为“hutong conditions”，和动词improve之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；因为
26、主语“hutong conditions”为复数，且根据该句中的时间状语可知，该句介绍过去发生的事情，故用were improved。7down考查介词。但是近年来，许多胡同中的房子被拆毁，取而代之的是现代化的建筑。pull down为固定搭配，意为“拆毁”。8both考查连词。both .and .为固定搭配，意为“两者都”。9third考查序数词。该处指“在北京市区的胡同中的房子占整个地区的三分之一”，分数的分母用序数词，故用third。10have survived考查动词时态。根据该句中的“still occupy”可知，该空表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，故用现在完成时。.概要写作阅
27、读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Recently, a professor of philosophy (哲学) in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our daytoday life has more meaning than we usually think, and from it we can see what one really values in
28、life.He says our relations with others often become clearly defined when money enters the picture. You might have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him thoroughly only when you ask him to lend you some money. If he does, it brings some
29、thing to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesnt. This person may say that he has a certain feeling, but if it is not carried out in the money world, there is something less real about it.Since money is so important to us, we con
30、sider those who possess a lot of it to be very important. The author interviewed some millionaires in researching his book with the question “What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich, because you are a selfmade man？” And the answer goes like this：The most surprising thi
31、ng is why people give me so much respect. I am nothing. I dont know much. All I am is rich.People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for? How much do I need for any given purposes in my life? In his book, the professor has uncovered an important need in modern society: t
32、o bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.参考范文：A US professors found how one treats money daily is more meaningful and it can reflect what one tr
33、easures in life. (要点1) He claims money matters in defining relationships and its a good way to test friendship. (要点2) Money is generally considered important to us, so are rich people; but some millionaires dont feel so, thinking being rich isnt worth so much attention. (要点3) Therefore, we should realize that money is just a tool, not the goal of life, and its never equal to happiness. (要点4)
