1、2021届上海市高三秋考押题英语密卷06II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us
2、e one word that best fits each blank. The United States of America (commonly _1_(refer) to as the United States, the U.S.,the USA,the States or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district.The country is situated mostly in central North America,_2_ its
3、 forty-eight contiguous states and Washington,D.C., the capital district, lie _3_ the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait
4、.At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km) and with more than 300 million people,the United States is the third or fourth _4_ (large) country by total area,and third largest by land area and by population.The United States is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations,
5、the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S.economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US $14.3 trillion.The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July
6、 4,1776,they issued the Declaration of Independence, _5_ proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.The rebellious states _6_ (defeat) Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War,the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convent
7、ion adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17,1787; its ratification the _7_ (follow) year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and free
8、doms, was ratified in 1791.In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states rights and the expansion of t
9、he institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The Norths victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led _8_ the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, _9_ national economy was the worlds largest. The SpanishAmerican War and World War I confirme
10、d the countrys status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country _10_ (have) weapons,a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO.The end of the Cold War left the United States as the sole superpower. The
11、 country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic,political,and cultural force in the world.【答案】1. referred 2. where 3. between 4. largest 5. which 6. defeated 7. following 8. to 9. the 10. to have【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的一些基本情况以及发展历史。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：美利坚
12、合众国（通常被称为the United States，the U.S.， the USA，the States or America）是一个联邦宪法共和国，包括五十个州和一个联邦地区。分析句子结构可知refer在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The United States of America构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填referred。【2题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个国家大部分位于北美中部，48个相邻的州和首都华盛顿特区位于太平洋和大西洋之间，北与加拿大接壤，南与墨西哥接壤。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词country，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where
13、引导。故填where。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：这个国家大部分位于北美中部，48个相邻的州和首都华盛顿特区位于太平洋和大西洋之间，北与加拿大接壤，南与墨西哥接壤。结合句意表示“在之间”短语为betweenand。故填between。【4题详解】考查最高级。句意：美国面积379万平方英里（983万平方公里），人口超过3亿，按总面积计算是世界第三或第四大国家，按陆地面积和人口计算是世界第三大国家。结合句意表示“世界第三大”应用最高级largest。故填largest。【5题详解】考查定语从句。句意：1776年7月4日，他们发表了独立宣言，宣布他们脱离英国独立，并组成一个合作联盟。此处为非限制性定
14、语从句修饰先行词the Declaration of Independence，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。【6题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些反叛的国家在美国独立战争中打败了英国，这是第一次成功的殖民地独立战争。描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时。故填defeated。【7题详解】考查形容词。句意：1787年9月17日，联邦会议通过了现行的美国宪法；它在第二年获得批准，使各州成为拥有强大中央政府的单一共和国的一部分。修饰后文名词year应用形容词following，作定语。故填following。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：北方的胜利阻止了这个国家的
15、永久分裂，并导致了美国合法奴隶制的终结。结合句意表示“导致”可知短语为lead to。故填to。【9题详解】考查冠词。句意：到19世纪70年代，美国的国民经济是世界上最大的。此处特指美国经济应用定冠词the。故填the。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1945年，美国从第二次世界大战中崛起，成为第一个拥有武器的国家，是联合国安理会常任理事国，也是北约的创始成员国。此处名词country由序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to have。 Section BDirections: Complete the passage with the words in the box Each wo
16、rd can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. catch-up；B. substitute；C. advance；D. committed；E. exhausted；F. multitask；G. transferred；H. maintaining；I. commenting；K. challenge；J. embraceMy friend Haley called me the other day. She hadnt texted me in _11_ to “find a time
17、 “to chat. Nor did we have a Zoom date on the calendar. She just up and called me unannounced.It was thrilling, this unscheduled, spontaneous conversation without a purpose or the weight of a formal _12_. It felt like wheeling over to someone in the office to hear a joke.I was reminded of that large
18、r orbit of friendships outside the inner core of those we still see in person, usually because we live with them. Think about all those relationships once sustained by serendipity and proximity, now starved by a year of social distancing. In what may be the worlds largest sociological experiment, ma
19、ny of us have had to rely almost completely on technology to tend these connections. We now have a whole new cadre of Appointment Friendships. And even with _13_ scheduling, its not really enough. A recent study from researchers at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, confirms what we now know in ou
20、r _14_ hearts: video calls, texts, social media, even phone calls are a great supplement to face-to-face interactions, but they arent a(n) _15_. Contrary to what you might expect, the more sophisticated the technology, the less it satisfies our need for connection. Researchers reported that the humb
21、le phone call was associated with decreases in stress loneliness, and relationship difficulties. Meanwhile, video chats were associated with increased stress, loneliness, and difficulties in _16_.I get it, were less self-conscious on the phone, and you can _17_ and talk maybe fold laundry or eat or
22、both. With video, that uncanny valley of almost being there tends to make you long for the real thing. The UNLV researchers also reported that social media posting, _18_ and sharing was the “modality most strongly associated with stress. “No one is less surprised about all this than Sherry Turkle, a
23、 clinical psychologist at M.I.T. Shes been studying how technology affects our capacity for empathy and connection since the first Apple computer showed up with a smiley face, reporting her findings in two seminal books “Reclaiming Conversation” and “Alone Together.” When I spoke to her a few weeks
24、ago, shed just published her memoir, “The Empathy Diaries,” which is about becoming one of very few women at M.I.T. and one who was willing to _19_ the enduring gospel of the engineering universe: that technology would solve the problems it caused. Turkle finished working on this book during pandemi
25、c shutdowns, which were akin to a real-world test of her lifes work. She writes: In the crucible of enforced isolation, we explored the limits of where our screens can take us as technology became our lifeline, we realized how much we missed the full _20_ of the human.【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D 14. E 15.
26、 B 16. H 17. F 18. I 19. K 20. J【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文中作者主要讨论了如今现代交流技术对人们社交关系的影响。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：她没有提前给我发短信，让我“找个时间”聊天。结合句意表示“提前”可知，短语为in advance。故填advance。故选C。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：这是令人激动的，没有计划的，自发的谈话，没有目的，也没有正式交谈的分量。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“正式交谈”应填名词catch-up，冠词a提示用单数。故填catch-up。故选A。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：即使有固定的日程安排，这也不够。修饰后文名词sc
27、heduling，结合句意表示“固定的”，应用形容词committed，作定语。故填committed。故选D。14题详解】考查形容词。句意：拉斯维加斯内华达大学的研究人员最近的一项研究证实了我们现在在疲惫的心中所知道的事情：视频通话、短信、社交媒体，甚至电话都是面对面交流的很好的补充，但它们不是替代品。修饰后文名词hearts，结合句意表示“疲惫的”，应用形容词exhausted，作定语。故填exhausted。故选E。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：拉斯维加斯内华达大学的研究人员最近的一项研究证实了我们现在在疲惫的心中所知道的事情：视频通话、短信、社交媒体，甚至电话都是面对面交流的很好的补充
28、，但它们不是替代品。空处作表语，表示“替代品”，应用名词substitute，冠词提示用单数。故填substitute。故选B。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，视频聊天会增加压力、孤独感和维持关系的困难。空处动名词作宾语，表示“维持”，应用maintaining。故填maintaining。故选H。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：我明白了，我们在打电话时不那么忸忸作样，你可以同时做多件事和说话也许叠衣服或吃东西，或者两者兼而有之。结合句意表示“多任务化”，应填动词multitask，作谓语，且can后跟动词原形。故填multitask。故选F。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：拉
29、斯维加斯大学的研究人员还报告称，在社交媒体上发帖、评论和分享是“与压力最密切相关的方式”。结合句意表示“评论”应用动词comment，且结合前后文posting与sharing可知，应用动词-ing形式。故填commenting。故选I。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：当我几周前与她交谈时，她刚刚出版了回忆录同理心日记，这本书讲述的是她成为麻省理工学院为数不多的女性之一，并愿意挑战工程学领域经久不衰的信条：技术可以解决它造成的问题。结合句意表示“挑战”，应用动词challenge，且此处为be willing to do sth.，应填动词原形。故填challenge。故选K。【20题详解】考查
30、名词。句意：在强制隔离的严峻考验中，随着科技成为我们的生命线，我们探索了屏幕的极限，我们意识到我们多么错过了与人类的全面拥抱。结合句意表示“拥抱”，应用名词embrace，作宾语，此处为特指应用单数形式。故填embrace。故选J。 III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phras
31、e that best fits the context.Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. _of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones _22_on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize.If you get lost with
32、out a phone or a compass, and you _23_cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate _24_to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well _25_a trail, but not in a completely _26_area, you have to answer two questions: Which _27_is downhill, in this particular area
33、? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. _28_, if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should _29_see signs of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be _30_how quickly
34、 identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another _31_: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation._32_ , even in dense forest, you should be able to _33_gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve through the woods. Head toward these
35、 breaks to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for artificial light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.Finally, assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the _34_we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and
36、 other features can _35_you to civilization. A. SomeB. MostC. FewD. All22. A. putB. takeC. runD. come23. A. formallyB. relativelyC. graduallyD. literally24. A. backB. nextC. aroundD. away25. A. ontoB. offC. acrossD. alone26. A. unattractiveB. uncrowdedC. unchangedD. unfamiliar27. A. siteB. pointC. w
37、ayD. place28. A. SoB. YetC. InsteadD. Besides29. A. immediatelyB. intentionallyC. unexpectedlyD. eventually30. A. surprisedB. annoyedC. frightenedD. confused31. A. problemB. optionC. viewD. result32. A. Above allB. In contrastC. On averageD. For example33. A. bridgeB. avoidC. spotD. separate34. A. m
38、emoriesB. marksC. notesD. belongings35. A. restrictB. adoptC. leadD. expose【答案】. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如果你没有带手机或指南针的情况下迷路，如何返回到文明世界。【题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们中很少有人不带电话就直接走进树林。A. Some一些；B. Most大多数；C. Few很少；D. All所有。根据“Tod
39、ay we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones.”可知，现在很少有人不带电话就直接走进树林。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但手机是靠电池运行的，而电池的耗电速度比我们想象的要快。A. put放；B. take带走；C. run跑，运行；D. come来。run on battery表示手机使用电池得以运行。根据“and batteries can die faster than we realize
40、.”和常识可知，手机使用电池得以运行。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你迷路了，没有手机或指南针，你真的找不到北方，有一些技巧可以帮助你导航回到文明世界，其中之一就是沿着陆地走A. formally正式地；B. relatively相对地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. literally确实地。根据“If you get lost without a phone or a compass,”可知，由于没有手机或指南针而真的找不到北方。故选D。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你迷路了，没有手机或指南针，你真的找不到北方，有一些技巧可以帮助你导航回到文明世界，其
41、中之一就是沿着陆地走A. back向后地；B. next其次；C. around周围；D. away远离。根据“If you get lost”可知，这里与lost相对应，即从迷路回到文明世界。故选A。【25题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：当你发现自己已经离开了一条小路，但又不是在一个完全陌生的地方，你必须回答两个问题：在这个特定的地方，哪条路是下坡的? A. onto在之上；B. off离开；C. across穿过；D. alone独自地。根据“but not in a completely _6_area,”可知，这里指离开一条小路到另外一个地方。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。
42、句意：当你发现自己已经离开了一条小路，但又不是在一个完全陌生的地方，你必须回答两个问题：在这个特定的地方，哪条路是下坡的? A. unattractive不吸引人的；B. uncrowded不拥挤的；C. unchanged未改变的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据“When you find yourself well _5_a trail,”可知，离开一条小路到了不熟悉的的地方。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你发现自己已经离开了一条小路，但又不是在一个完全陌生的地方，你必须回答两个问题：在这个特定的地方，哪条路是下坡的? A. site地点；B. point要点；
43、C. way道路；D. place地方。根据“in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source?”两个问题可知，这里是选择哪条路。故选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果你下山，顺着你找到的水，你最终会看到有人的迹象。A. So因此；B. Yet然而；C. Instead反而；D. Besides此外。根据“Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。故选A。【29题详解】考查副
44、词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果你下山，顺着你找到的水，你最终会看到有人的迹象。A. immediately立即；B. intentionally故意地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. eventually最终。根据“if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find,”可知，顺着找到的水，最终会看到有人的迹象。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你以前在这个地区探险过，留意一下熟悉的景象你可能会惊讶地发现，辨认出独特的岩石或树木能如此迅速地恢复你的方位。 A. surprised惊讶的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C
45、. frightened害怕的；D. confused困惑的。根据“If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights”可知，能够辨认出独特的岩石或树木能如此迅速地恢复你的方位会让你感到惊讶。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个选择：爬到高处，寻找人类居住的迹象。A. problem问题；B. option选择；C. view观点；D. result结果。根据“Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.”可知，还可以有另一个选择。故
46、选B。【32题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，即使在茂密的森林中，你也应该能够发现由于道路、火车轨道和人们在森林中开辟的其他路径而造成的树线间隙。A. Above all首先；B. In contrast相比之下；C. On average平均；D. For example例如。根据“Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.”和后文可知，后文为举的具体的例子。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，即使在茂密的森林中，你也应该能够发现由于道路、火车轨道和人们在森林中开辟的其他路径而造成的树线间隙。A. bridge架桥
47、；B. avoid避免；C. spot发现；D. separate分开。根据“gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve through the woods.”可知，这里为所发现的内容。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，假设你在人类经常出没的地方迷路了，找找我们在这片土地上留下的标记。A. memories记忆；B. marks标记；C. notes笔记；D. belongings所有物。根据“we leave on the landscape.”可知，寻找以前迷
48、路人在在这片土地上留下的标记。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道路上的树皮刻痕、轮胎痕迹和其他特征可以引导你进入文明世界。A. restrict限制；B. adopt采用；C. lead带领；D. expose揭露。根据“Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features”可知，这些标记可以引导你进入文明世界。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinish
49、ed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read(A)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crime than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported
50、very day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Em
51、iliano Zapata.The bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to“justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.The bandits had a role to play as definite as th
52、at of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere t
53、hieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didnt steal the peasants harvest; they did steal the lords.And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits” whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the
54、 age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passi
55、ve role of peasant.They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits proposed best where authority was merely local over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for f
56、lamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants religious beliefs and superstitions.The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and the
57、n other peoples. The classic bandit then “take from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social justice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as of
58、invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.None of the bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at lea
59、st half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends. The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural sys
60、tem is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera Don Jose on “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian b
61、andit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their
62、passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.36. Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A. Bold (Para. 1).B. Claimed (Para. 4).C. Legend (Para. 2).D
63、. Loyalty (Para. 4).37. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A. They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B. They wanted to help the poor country folk.C. They were unwilling to accept injustice.D. They had very few careers open to them.38. “began their careers
64、 harshly victimized” (Par. 9) means that they _.A. had received excessive ill-treatmentB. were severely punished for their crimesC. took to violence through a sense of injusticeD. were misunderstood by their parents and friends39. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they_.A. are su
65、re they are invincibleB possess a theatrical qualityC. retain the virtues of a peasant societyD. protest against injustice and inequality【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。文章讨论了电影制片人把土匪作为电影主角的原因。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves.( 这些强盗，他们声
66、称自己不仅仅是小偷)”可知，claim意为“声称，宣称”，是中性词，无法表示对土匪的认可，故选B；由第一段最后一句中的“the film makers know we always fall for a bandit(电影制作人知道我们总是喜欢绿林好汉)”可知，“Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata(白兰度曾为傲慢的Emiliano Zapata做过的事，如今贾格尔也准备好为大胆的内德凯利这么做。)”中的bold在这里是褒义，表示土匪内德凯利的“大
67、胆”，因此排除A；第二段第一个分句指出土匪生活在一个特殊的legend王国，紧接着三个where引导的并列定语从句修饰realm of legend，根据从句的句意可知, legend意为“传奇”，是褒义，表示对土匪的认可，故排除C；第四段第一句提到“There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from.(这些强盗，声称自己不仅仅是小偷，有
68、共同之处，他们首先对自己出身的阶级农民，拥有忠诚感和认同感。)”该句表明这些强盗对农民拥有共同的忠诚感和认同感，紧接着第二句进一步解释了这种忠诚感是指他们偷走的是贵族而不是农民的收成, 由此可知, loyalty为褒义，故排除D。故选B项。【37题详解】细节理解题。第六段最后一句“Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants religious beliefs and superstitions
69、.(不像普通的农民，他们喜欢派头十足的衣服和姿态，但他们通常拥有和农民相同的宗教信仰和迷信。)”可知，不像普通的农民，土匪喜欢派头十足的衣服和姿态，说明了土匪和普通农民的区别，而不是人们成为土匪的原因，故选A项。【38题详解】词句猜测题。根据第九段第一句“Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern.(然而，令人吃惊的是，这些暴力分子中有许多人至少一半时间的确是在按照这种理想主义模式行事。)”提到这些暴力分子中
70、有许多人至少半数时间的确是在按照这种理想主义模式行事，紧接着第二句“Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(墨西哥的潘丘维拉和意大利的萨尔瓦托袭连诺由于遭受残酷迫害而开始他们的职业生涯。他们的许多慈善行为后来成为传奇。)”指出墨西哥的潘丘维拉和意大利的萨瓦托裘连诺“began their careers harshly victimized”，
71、由此可知第二句是以潘丘维拉和萨尔瓦托裘连诺为例说明这些暴力分子是在按照这种理想主义模式行事,也就是说潘丘维拉和萨尔瓦托袭连诺开始从事的是暴力事业，即took to violence，而上文第七段具体说明了这种理想主义模式，其中第一句“The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice(人们染上罗宾汉综合征的第一个迹象是，他刚开始时是作为不公正的受害者而被迫成为非法之徒)”指出人们刚开始
72、时是作为不公正的受害者而被迫成为非法之徒，由此可以推断, harshly victimized是指潘丘维拉和萨尔瓦托袭连诺刚开始是由于遭受残酷迫害而感到不公正，从而成为土匪，这与C表述一致。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。第一段最后一句“The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.( 电影制作人知道我们总是
73、喜欢绿林好汉，白兰度曾为傲慢的埃米利亚诺，萨帕塔做过的事，如今贾格尔也准备好为大胆的内德凯利这么做。)”可知，电影制作人将土匪作为电影主角；紧接着下文解释了原因是土匪对社会不公的反抗， “劫富济贫”，从而得到人们的钦佩，他们的慈善行为成为传奇，因此推断是土匪抗议不公正和不平等的行为让他们成为适合成为电影主角。故选D项。(B)Literary Festivals across the WoldLondon Book FairTime: held annually in April for three daysPlace: London, U.K.The London Book Fair is a
74、 part of the London Book & Screen Week.Visitors include anyone who is involved with the creation, distribution, sale or treatment of content.Authors, talent scouts （星探）, editors, designers, and digital gurus（领袖人物）all walk the floor-meeting, talking, observing, discovering. Its a great opportunity to
75、 meet all kinds of people.BookExpo AmericaTime: held annually on May or June for four daysPlace: various cities in the U.S.Unlike most book fairs, BookExpo America doesnt have a base city. It moves to different places every year mostly big cities such as New York, Washington, Los Angles and Chicago.
76、It is the largest gathering in the United States of librarians, booksellers and industry professionals, as well as a great place to discover the latest trends in technology while networking with others in the business, Go to book signing sessions （签书会）with your favorite authors, and participate in p
77、anel discussions with top writers while you enjoy breakfast. With hundreds of participating authors, theres lots to do, see and read.Frankfurt Book FairTime: held annually in October for a weekPlace: Frankfurt, GermanyThe Frankfurt Book Fair is the worlds biggest and oldest book event with more than
78、 500 years of history, yet it never stops developing with time.Thematic tours are provided, during which trade visitors and the general public can learn more about the Frankfurt Book Fair. Led by experts, these topical tours take interested groups to stands and other locations around the fair that a
79、re relevant to specific themes, such as educations, science, kids. With our Book Fair app, visitors have the possibility to take a time-independent, thematic tour.Tokyo international Book FairTime: held annually in September for three daysPlace: Tokyo, JapanBeing Asias leading book fair, the Tokyo I
80、nternational Book Fair has several sub categories, including the Natural Sciences Book Fair, the Humanities & Social Sciences Book Fair, and the Childrens Books Fair.One of the highlights of the event is the e-books expo, which shines a spotlight on the fact that peoples reading habits are switching
81、 from printed books to digital books. Besides book products, the newest e-learning software and digital technologies are also presented. 40. How is BookExpo America different from the other three book fairs?A. It is held in different cities every year.B. It attracts many famous writers.C It displays
82、 the latest trends in technology.D. It is the longest annual book fair.41. Which book fair providers tours of specific themes?A. The London Book Fair.B. BookExpo America.C. The Frankfurt Book Fair.D. The Tokyo International Book Fair.42. What do we know about the Tokyo International Book Fair?A. It
83、is the most popular book fair in Asia.B. It is a great place for e-book lovers.C. It mainly focuses on natural science books.D. It mainly displays printed books for schools.【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B【解析】【分析】本文是一则广告。文章介绍了世界各地的文学节。【40题详解】A. 细节理解题。根据BookExpo America中“Unlike most book fairs, Bookexpo America
84、 doesnt have a base city. It moves to different places every year.”（美国书展与其它三个书展不同的是它每年在不同的城市举行而其它书展在同一城市举行。）A. It is held in different cities every year.(美国书展每年在不同的城市举行）。由此可知A符合语境。故选A。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Frankfurt Book Fair中“Led by experts, these topical tours take interested groups to stands and other l
85、ocations around the fair that are relevant to specific themes,”可知，The Frankfurt Book Fair提供特定主题的参观。故选C。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据Tokyo International Book Fair中“One of the highlights of the event is the e-books expo, which shines a spotlight on the fact that peoples reading habits are switching from printed boo
86、ks to digital books.”可知，the Tokyo International Book Fair是电子书爱好者的好去处。故选B。(C)For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that
87、 there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.So whats the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, an
88、d retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help
89、with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesnt have to engage directlyit can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members o
90、r doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robots face would be. If you cant get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a consistently positive attitude about the Giraff ro
91、bots ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robots appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy
92、 bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as Robear, can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.Its important to note that robotic nurses dont decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off).
93、Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.43. What does the author say about Japan?A. It delivers the best medications for
94、the elderly.B. It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C. It provides retraining for registered nurses.D. It sets the trend in future robotics technology.44. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?A. It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.B. It provides specific individualized care
95、to patients.C. It does not have much direct contact with patients.D. It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.45. What are telepresence robots designed to do?A. Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.B. Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognit
96、ive capacity.C. Closely monitor the patients movements and conditions around the clock.D. Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.46. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.B. The robotics industry will soon take off.C.
97、 Robots will not make nurses redundant.D. Collaboration will not replace competition.【答案】43. B 44. C 45. D 46. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人护理在医疗方面的优势以及未来发展趋势。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic
98、medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records.（在这一趋势方面，日本走在了前面。丰田工业大学(Toyohashi University of Technology)开发了一辆机器人医疗车Terapio，它可以巡视医院，运送药物和其他物品，并检索记录。）”可知，日本率先提供机器人护理。故选B。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness
99、 as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesnt have to engage directlyit can serve as an intermediary for human communication.（具有社会参与能力的机器人可以帮助消除孤独感和认知功能，但机器人本身并不需要直接参与它可以作为人类交流的中介。）”可知，机器人Terapio它与病人没有太多直接接触。故选C。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Gir
100、aff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robots face would be.（MantaroBot、Vgo和Giraff等远程呈现机器人可以通过电脑、智能手机或平板电脑进行控制，让家庭成员或医生远程监控病人或通过Skype对他们进行监控，通常是通过机器人的“脸”所在的屏幕。）”可知，远程
101、呈现机器人被设计用来促进患者与医生或家属之间的沟通。故选D。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Its important to note that robotic nurses dont decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immed
102、iate needs.（值得注意的是，机器人护士不会决定治疗方案或做出诊断(尽管机器人医生和外科医生可能很快就会出现)。相反，他们执行日常和繁重的工作，使护士腾出时间来照顾有紧急需要的病人。）”可推断，机器人不会让护士变得多余。故选C。Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In a
103、 few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic code for less than $1,000. _47_ Two different university laboratories have developed tests that will reveal the entirety of a babys genetic code using just a blood sample from the mother plus a drop of saliva (唾液) from the fath
104、er.Prenatal (出生前的) whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond the currently available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Downs syndrome or Tay-Saches disease. The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf(使相形见的) the relative trickle (
105、零散) of information provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look only at perhaps about one million locations in the genome._48_ Without careful planning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a child of the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood whether o
106、r not to learn, for instance, if a mutation (突变) predicts the inevitability of Huntingtons disease 20 years hence._49_ Similar laissez faire(放任) action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend (预示) tragedy.Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole
107、genome testing. Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls on the medical community to develop a guide to the most relevant genomic data for future parents. _50_ Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise, the secrets of our offsprings genetic code will continue to r
108、emain an unnerving cipher or worse.A. Unfortunately, there arent nearly enough trained genetics counselors to handle the coming upsurge in demand for this type of information.B. Adults cannot do much to alter their biological lot, but what if parents could examine their unborn childs genome?C. Cance
109、r has become the first killer these years. Thats why people tend to take overtreatment with the knowledge of family history.D. Another fear is that a customer without discussing with genetics counselor can receive information via the Internet about a multifold greater risk of breast cancer.E. Anothe
110、r problem arises whether it is moral to choose to stop pregnancy because of the genome problem.F. Attitudes toward child rearing might change along with the new technology.【答案】47. B 48. F 49. E 50. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了产前全基因组测试技术。【47题详解】根据下文Two different university laboratories have developed tests
111、that will reveal the entirety of a babys genetic code using just a blood sample from the mother plus a drop of saliva (唾液) from the father.（两所不同的大学实验室已经开发出一种测试方法，这种方法仅用母亲的血样和父亲的一滴唾液就能揭示婴儿全部的遗传密码）可知，用母亲的血样和父亲的一滴唾液就能揭示婴儿全部的遗传密码。由此可知，B项Adults cannot do much to alter their biological lot, but what if pa
112、rents could examine their unborn childs genome?（成年人无法改变他们的生物命运，但是如果父母可以检查他们未出生孩子的基因组呢?）符合文意。故选B。【48题详解】根据下文Without careful planning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a child of the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation (突变) predict
113、s the inevitability of Huntingtons disease 20 years hence.（如果没有仔细的计划，新的产前遗传学可能会剥夺一个孩子在成年前做出决定的机会，例如，如果一个突变预测了20年后亨廷顿病的必然性，是否还需要学习）可知，F项Attitudes toward child rearing might change along with the new technology.（人们对抚养孩子的态度可能会随着新技术的发展而改变）符合文意。故选F。【49题详解】根据下文Similar laissez faire(放任) action to prenatal
114、whole-genome testing could portend (预示) tragedy.（类似于产前全基因组检测的放任政策可能预示着悲剧的发生）可知，此处讲述基因检测对妊娠产生的影响。由此可知，E项Another problem arises whether it is moral to choose to stop pregnancy because of the genome problem.（另一个问题是，由于基因组问题而选择停止妊娠是否合乎道德）符合文意。故选E。【50题详解】根据下文Without access to a much higher level of refine
115、d expertise, the secrets of our offsprings genetic code will continue to remain an unnerving cipher or worse.（由于无法获得更高级的专业知识，我们后代的遗传密码将继续是一个令人不安的密码，甚至更糟）可知，A项Unfortunately, there arent nearly enough trained genetics counselors to handle the coming upsurge in demand for this type of information.（不幸的是
116、，几乎没有足够的训练有素的遗传顾问来处理即将到来的对这类信息需求的激增）符合文意。故选A。IV Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.This is crisis teaching: students with disabilities are neglected as co
117、ronavirus shuts schoolsHomeschooling your children during the Covid-19 pandemic(流行病) is hard. For parents whose children have a disability, its a herculean(困难的) taskAs her mom tells it, Sesame Street(儿童节目) is Aubreys first and only love. Her affection for the programs cast of puppets, for Elmo in pa
118、rticular, is so aggressive and pure that her parents have to restrict her access to it because she gets so peculiar after watching it.Aubrey, whose real name her parents asked be withheld to protect her privacy, is a 16-year-old student in Los Angeles. As a teenager living with autism(自闭症), routine
119、is the bedrock of her day. But in the days of a spiraling coronavirus crisis, predicting what comes next is all but impossible. “Think about how we are with uncertainty and multiply it by a million. For her not knowing is almost unbearable,” said her father, Pirouz Kavehpour.Today, with 124,000 of t
120、he nations schools closed due to coronavirus, Kavehpour has joined the ranks of millions of parents turned into homeschool teachers overnight no easy feat for any working parent, but especially challenging for parents whose children have disabilities.It remains unclear when schools across the countr
121、y will reopen. California officials already indicated they wont restart this academic year and a handful of other states have closed doors until fall. And as classrooms shift to online learning, many of the services guaranteed to the nations roughly 7 million children with disabilities have been eff
122、ectively suspended.Federal law promises to give students educational services that address individual needs. But its unclear when children with disabilities will get the kind of face-to-face help they had been getting at school before.(Adapted from the Guardian BY Jerry)【答案】The widespread of Covid-1
123、9 makes homeschooling an issue for parents who have disabled children. Like Aubrey, a girl with autism who spends her life in boredom, those children with disabilities seem to have been deprived of in-person help in a time when there is no hope for schools to reopen. (50 words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说
124、，2019冠状病毒病的广泛传播使家庭教育成为残疾儿童父母的一个问题。就像患有自闭症、生活无聊的奥布里一样，这些残疾儿童在学校没有希望重新开学的时候，似乎被剥夺了面对面的帮助。【详解】1 要点摘录Homeschooling your children during the Covid-19 pandemic is hard. For parents whose children have a disability, its a herculean task.Aubrey, whose real name her parents asked be withheld to protect her p
125、rivacy, is a 16-year-old student in Los Angeles.It remains unclear when schools across the country will reopen.But its unclear when children with disabilities will get the kind of face-to-face help they had been getting at school before.2.缜密构思将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句The widespread of Covid-1
126、9 makes homeschooling an issue for parents who have disabled children. Like Aubrey, a girl with autism who spends her life in boredom, those children with disabilities seem to have been deprived of in-person help in a time when there is no hope for schools to reopen. 【点睛】高分句型1 The widespread of Covi
127、d-19 makes homeschooling an issue for parents who have disabled children. 这句话运用了who引导的定语从句,对第一段内容进行总结，表达高级。高分句型2 Like Aubrey, a girl with autism who spends her life in boredom, those children with disabilities seem to have been deprived of in-person help in a time when there is no hope for schools t
128、o reopen.这句话运用了who引导的的定语从句，对2，3，4要点的内容进行作结，表达高级。V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 你应该就你的所作所为向在场的所有人表示歉意。（present）(汉译英)【答案】You should apologize to all present for what you have done.【解析】【详解】考查情态动词、动词短语、时态和宾语从句。主语为“you”,
129、 should后接动词原形构成谓语动词 ，apologize to sb for sth“因某事向某人道歉”为固定短语，“所有在场的人”为all present，present为形容词作后置定语，for后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少宾语，连接词为what，结合语境从句为现在完成时。再结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为：You should apologize to all present for what you have done.53. 你能否清晰地阐述究竟是什么导致了这一起严重地事故？（make）(汉译英)【答案】Can you make it clear what it is that cause
130、d this serious accident?【解析】【详解】考查固定结构和强调句。此处为“make it adj.”结构，表示“清晰”应用clear；后跟特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分+ is it + that+其它；表示“导致”应用动词cause，此处用一般过去时；表示“严重的事故”短语为serious accident；故翻译为Can you make it clear what it is that caused this serious accident?54. 他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。（desert）(汉译英)【答案】The idea that he should b
131、ecome an assistant to his boss has never deserted him.【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句、时态。The idea“该想法”后接同位语从句，同位语从句句意和句子结构完整，所以连接词为that。同位语从句的主语为he , should become “应该成为”为谓语， an assistant to his boss “他老板的助理”为表语。结合语境可知，主句为现在完成时，主语为The idea，谓语为has never deserted“从来没有放弃” ，宾语为him。故翻译为：The idea that he should become an
132、 assistant to his boss has never deserted him.55. 由于全球变暖大约有200个物种将会在世纪30年代灭绝，似乎联合国安理会就该国际问题已经做出了决议。（It）(汉译英)【答案】It seems that the UN Security Council has made a resolution about/on/regarding/concerning the international issue that about 200 species will die out/be extinct in 2030s because of the glo
133、bal warming.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、时态和同位语从句。It seems that.“似乎.”为固定句型，结合语境that从句之后的句子为现在完成时，主语为 the UN Security Council，谓语为has made，a resolution“一个决议”作宾语，“关于”为介词about/on/regarding/concerning ，后接 the international issue “该国际问题”作宾语，其后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完成，连接词为that，根据“in 2030s”可知，从句为一般将来时。灭绝为“die out/be extinct”。再根据
134、其它汉语提示。故翻译为：It seems that the UN Security Council has made a resolution about/on/regarding/concerning the international issue that about 200 species will die out/be extinct in 2030s because of the global warming. Guided Writing56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according t
135、o the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1. 表示歉意； 2. 解释原因； 3. 另约时间。 注意：1. 词数120-150；2. 可适当增加细节。【答案】Dear Tom,I was far too happy that we made an appointment to visit Beijing together next weekend. How I appreciate the opportunity t
136、o be your guide in Beijing! But Im afraid well have to make it another time, because Ill be meeting my uncle at the airport. He is on business from Australia, and will be home for only two days. Its a rare chance for our family to get reunited since he left home ten years ago. I hope youll forgive m
137、e for not keeping my word. If its convenient for you, we can make it the weekend after next, or you may make the choice, OK? By the way, my family and I will be overjoyed to have your company when my uncle is home. If you have no plan, please let me know, and Ill fetch you upon my uncles return.Have
138、 a happy weekend.Yours, Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Tom写一封道歉信，说明你因故不能赴约的原因，表示歉意并另约时间。【详解】1. 词汇积累非常：veryfar too感激：be thanksfulappreciate稀有的：unusualrare高兴的：happyoverjoyed2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Ill be meeting my uncle at the airport. He is on business from Australia, and will be home for only two days.
139、 拓展句：Ill be meeting my uncle at the airport, who is on business from Australia, and will be home for only two days.【点睛】高分句型1How I appreciate the opportunity to be your guide in Beijing! (How引导的感叹句)高分句型2But Im afraid well have to make it another time, because Ill be meeting my uncle at the airport.(because引导的原因状语从句)