1、高一北师大版学案系列30 名师讲堂 重点语法 重点语法 限制性和非限制性定语从句一、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句起限定作用,若省去,原有意义不完整；非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,若省去,原句意义不受影响。如: This is the house which we bought last week. (限制性定语从句) The house, which we bought last week, is very nice. (非限制性定语从句) 由上可知,有无逗号是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。在非
2、限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省略,也不能用that引导。如: This is the photo that / which I took yesterday.(photo 后无逗号,这是限制性定语从句,可用that代替which) Charles Smith, who was my English teacher, moved to New York last year.(本句为非限制性定语从句,关系词who在从句中作主语,指代人,但不能用that代替) This novel, which I have read three times, is very interesting and mov
3、ing.(本句为非限制性定语从句,关系词which在从句中作宾语,指代物,既不能省略,也不能用that代替) 注意:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。二、as、which引导的非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句的先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时,可以由which 或as 引导。但是which 或as 引导的非限制性定语从句有如下区别: 1. as引导的非限制性定语从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、依据、解释或评论,往往翻译为正如,正像,as后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态句。可以位于主句之前、中间或之后。如: As
4、he said, I was very useful to him. The elephant is like a snake, as anyone can see. 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句,是对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态、特点或结果,只能位于主句之后。如: They lost their way, which delayed them for two weeks. It rained hard yesterday, which prevented us from playing football. 影音留声 Billy Elliot 舞动人生讲述了一个小男孩
5、靠着对芭蕾艺术执着的爱,最终战胜了贫困和偏见,实现梦想的动人故事。主人公Billy从小就和他的父亲、兄长生活在英国北部的一个小镇上。他每周要去上拳击训练课。一天,在上训练课时,他偶然接触了芭蕾舞,这美奂绝伦的艺术立刻深深地迷住了他。Billy用上拳击课的钱偷偷去学习舞蹈。他的父亲知道此事后非常愤怒。面对父亲的怒火,小Billy没有退缩,而是在父亲面前施展了自己这几个月以来学到的一切。最终,顽固的父亲被儿子的激情与舞蹈天分所打动。 下面这一幕是父亲在舞蹈老师Wilkinson夫人的推荐下送Billy到伦敦参加舞蹈学校的入学考试的情景。 Teacher:Can you tell us why yo
6、u first became interested in the ballet? Billy:I dont know. Teacher:Well, was there any particular aspect of the ballet, which caught your imagination? Billy:The dancing. Father:He dances all the time. Every night, after school. Teacher:Yes, well, we have a very enthusiastic letter from Mrs Wilkinso
7、n, and she has told us of your personal circumstances. Mr Elliot, are you a fan of the ballet? Billy:I wouldnt exactly say I was an expert. Teacher:Just one last question. Can I ask you, Billy, what does it feel like when youre dancing? 阅读练习 Great and Famous People 1、单选本文词数:284 参考时间:222 I am Stephen
8、 Hawking. People often ask, How do you feel about having ALS?The answer is not a lot. I was born in 1942. As a child, I didnt do well in school. I had never been good at ball games, and my teachers were always disappointed at my handwriting. In my third year at Oxford, I fell over once or twice for
9、no reason. My parents sent me to see the doctor. It was a shock when I heard that I had a serious disease. The disease cannot be cured. Although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I started enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research, and I got eng
10、aged to a girl called Jane Wilde. That engagement changed my life. It gave me something to live for. I therefore applied for a research scholarship at Cambridge and we got married a few months later. In 1974, I discovered the black hole. Starting in 1974, I became unable to feed myself and get in an
11、d out of bed. Jane managed to help me, and bring up the children. However, things were getting more difficult, and my speech was becoming unclear. After a big operation in 1985, I lost the ability to speak. A computer expert in California sent me a computer program to help me talk through the comput
12、er. I have had ALS for all my adult life. Yet it has not prevented me from having a good family, and being successful in my work. Thanks to the help I have received, my condition has progressed more slowly than is often the case. It shows that one need not lose hope. Notes: 1. ALS 一种进行性神经肌肉萎缩症 2. Ca
13、mbridge 剑桥大学 词数175 处理时间2 55 1. The best title for this passage would be _. A. My Experience with ALS B. A Great Scientist Stephen Hawking C. The Discovery of the Black Hole D. The Difficult Treatment for ALS 2. By saying, there was a cloud hanging over my future, Stephen Hawking meant_. A. he would
14、have a bright future after he was cured B.there wasnt much time left for him C.his future life would not be without difficulty D. the disease made his life terrible 3. Which of the following might be caused by ALS? a. falling over for no reason b. inability to study c. disappointing handwriting d. t
15、alent at computer science e. inability to speak f. loss of body control A. bce B. aef C.cde D. def 4. What do we learn from the passage about Stephen Hawking? A. He graduated from Cambridge at first. B. He got a serious disease after he got married. C. His disease was cured with new technology. D. H
16、e is an expert on the study of the universe. 写作点评 Rosa Parks Rosa Parks When people ask, Who is Rosa Parks?Many students in America may answer, my role modelor a hero. Rosa Parks is often considered as just these things, remembered as the black woman who refused to give up her bus seat to a white ma
17、n in 1955. Rosa Louise McCauley was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. With her husband, Raymond Parks, she settled in Montgomery and joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She served as secretary of the NAACP. On Thursday, December 1, 1955, 43-ye
18、ar-old Parks was on a bus home after work. She was sitting in the fifth row of the bus, along with three other black people. The bus was full, and one white man was left standing. The bus driver told the four black people to move. Three did, but Parks refused. She was arrested for it. On November 13
19、, 1956, the Supreme Court set her free and gave black people the right to sit on buses along with white people. In 1957, Parks and her husband founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-development, offering guidance to young African Americans in leadership and careers. After her husband died in 1997, Rosa continued to work for people who needed her help until her death in 2005 at the age of 92. Note: NAACP (美国)全国有色人种促进会