1、Unit5WORKINGTHELANDSectionAReadingandThinking课后篇巩固提升基础夯实.单词拼写1.The rapid increase in population caused a (缺乏) of natural resources.答案shortage2.The first reason to (应对) these problems is to save childrens lives.答案tackle3.One (特点) I have observed over the years in all great software developers is thei
2、r passion for their work.答案characteristic4.In our school,most of our students a five “A” grades in their exams.答案attained5.I dont think theres enough information to make an (假设).答案assumption6.The cost of building railway was e at over one hundred thousand pounds.答案estimated7.Output consists of both
3、exports and sales on the (国内的) market.答案domestic8.Joanna has finally made it to the first rank of (名人) after 25 years as an actress.答案celebrity.短语填空devote oneself todeep downother thanbe comprised ofdepend ondream up1.A year the four seasons of spring,summer,autumn and winter.答案is comprised of2.We b
4、elieve firmly what you have is sure to come true.答案devoted yourself to3.The party whether or not they collect enough money.答案depends on4.,she supported her husbands involvement in the organisation.答案Deep down5.Who the idea of painting our living room wall a bright red?答案dreamed up6.The form cannot b
5、e signed by anyone yourself.答案other than.完成句子1.据估计,到2050年,将有13亿人使用英语作为第一语言或第二语言。that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.答案It is estimated2.我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。It never occurred to me that you could him to change his mind.答案succeed in persuading3.使我印象最深刻
6、的是残疾人乐观的生活态度。most is the optimistic attitude of the disabled.答案What impressed me4.如果他能再一次得到机会的话,他肯定会成功的。he can get another chance,he will surely succeed.答案Given that5.大学毕业后,我第一次在一个新的城市里独自谋生。college,I lived by myself in a new city for the first time.答案After graduating from素养提升.阅读理解A主题语境:人与自然自然生态The o
7、rganic food has gained a lot of popularity as they are being considered healthier and tastier.A fair number of people advocate a large-scale shift to organic farming from conventional agriculture.But this might not seem well-founded.Since the mid-19th century,conventional industrial agriculture has
8、become incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis.Conventional farming gets more and more crop per square foot of land,which can mean less wilderness needs to be transformed to farmland.To make farming more efficient,conventional agriculture uses a significant amount of synthetic fertiliser
9、(合成肥料)each year,and all that nitrogen(氮)enables much faster plant growth.However,the cost is paid in vast polluted dead zones at the months of many of the worlds rivers,because much of the nitrogen ends up running off the soil and into the oceans.This also makes conventional farming one of the major
10、 threats to the environment.To weaken the environmental impact of agriculture,improve soil quality as well as produce healthier foods,some farmers have turned to organic farming.Environmentalists have also welcomed organic food as better for the planet than the food produced by agricultural corporat
11、ions.Organic practicesrefusing artificial fertilisers and chemical pesticidesare considered far more sustainable.Sales of organic food rose 7.7% in 2010,up to $26.7 billionand people are making those purchases for their moral senses as much as their tongues.Yet a new meta-analysis in Nature does the
12、 math and comes to a hard conclusion:organic farming produces 25% fewer crops on average than conventional agriculture.In the Nature analysis,scientists performed an analysis of 66 studies comparing conventional and organic methods across 34 different crop species,from fruits to grains.They found th
13、at organic farming delivered a lower output for every crop type,though the difference varied widely.For crops like fruit trees,organic farming trailed(落后于)conventional agriculture by just 5%.Yet for major grain crops and vegetablesall of which provide the worlds main caloriesconventional agriculture
14、 outperformed organic farming by more than 25%.What that means is that while organic farming may be more sustainable than conventional agriculture,there are trade-offs(此消彼长)with each.So an ideal global agriculture system may borrow the best from both systems rather than upholding merely organic or c
15、onventional practices.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。有机食品越来越受欢迎,人们认为它们更健康、更美味。一个理想的全球农业系统可以从有机农业和传统农业中获得最好的利益,而不是仅仅支持有机或常规的做法。1.What do we know about conventional farming?A.It produces more crops with fewer fertilisers.B.It achieves efficiency at a huge cost to the environment.C.If offers a long-term solution to gl
16、obal demand for food.D.It performs far better for each crop type than organic farming.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.”和第三段最后一句“Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.”可知,传统
17、农业以牺牲环境的巨大代价来实现生产效率。2.What does the author most probably agree with?A.Employing organic farming to plant rice.B.Adopting organic practices to grow potatoes.C.Using conventional methods to plant cabbage.D.Applying conventional farming to grow apples.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Forcropslikefruittrees,organ
18、icfarmingtrailedconventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetablesallofwhichprovidetheworldsmaincaloriesconventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicfarmingbymorethan25%.”可知作者最可能同意用传统的方法种植卷心菜。3.Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage?A.To compare two types of farming.B.To criti
19、cise conventional agriculture.C.To discuss the development of farming.D.To argue for a realistic agriculture system.答案D解析写作意图题。根据最后一段可知作者写本文的目的是主张建立一个现实的农业体系。B主题语境:人与社会科学与技术(2020全国卷)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found po
20、sitive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
21、(MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
22、“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found tha
23、t they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start.The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future,the team hopes to develop
24、 a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity con
25、sumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highwaya lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院开
26、展的研究,力求用发光的植物代替日常用品的功能。用普通蔬菜来发光照亮房间,甚至将树木变成自供电的街灯。4.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.答案D解析段落大意题。由文章第一段可知,一项研究发现,城市绿化率越高的区域犯罪率越低;另一项研究发现,工作环境有室内植物装饰时,员工的效率提高15%。由此可知,
27、本段主要讲绿色植物的好处。故选D项。5.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A.To detect plants lack of water.B.To change compositions of plants.C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.答案A解析细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheir
28、leavestoshowwhentheyreshortofwater”可知,麻省理工学院的工程师们之所以在植物叶子上放置传感器,是想监测植物的缺水状况。故选A项。6.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.They will speed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of powe
29、r plants.答案C解析推理判断题。由文章最后两段,尤其是最后一段中的“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可推知,将来这种发光植物可能会有助于降低能源消耗。故选C项。7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glowing plants replace lamps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?答案C解析标题归纳题。文章开门见山,指出人类与植物的联系一直是科研的主题;然后讲述麻省理工学院开展的研究,力求用植物代替日常用品的功能;接下来进一步阐述用普通蔬菜来发出光照亮房间,甚至将树木变成自供电的街灯。由此可知,文章最佳标题为:发光的植物能替代街灯吗?故选C项。
