1、Unit 4SharingSection Grammar课后篇巩固提升一、单句改错1.The mountain,on that there is a temple,is very beautiful.答案thatwhich2.The farm,which I worked for two years,has changed greatly.答案which前加on或whichwhere3.This is the museum where I visited last week.答案wherewhich/that4.This is the most beautiful scenery which
2、I have ever seen.答案whichthat5.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes that people were eaten by the tiger.答案thatin which/where二、用定语从句翻译下列句子1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。答案He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。答案I dont know the girl
3、 whom/that you spoke to.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。答案She is a girl who is called Mary./She is a girl whose name is Mary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。答案Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends.5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?答案Do you remember the day when we arrived here?三、阅读理解ASuppose you become a leader in an organisation.Its ver
4、y likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organisations activities.To do so,it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors t
5、hat motivate people to get involved.For example,people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs,people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers,you
6、may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service,some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately,these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from
7、 an internal factor (e.g.,“I volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g.,“I volunteer because Im required to do so”).When that happens,people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
8、Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?To answer this question,researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance,one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors
9、that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volu
10、nteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.It was assumed that t
11、hose people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.
12、”Consistent with the researchers expectations,they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results,once again,lead to concrete advice:“Once an individual begins volunteering,continued efforts might focus on de
13、veloping a volunteer role identity.Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognised publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.1.People volunteer mainly out of .A.academic requirementsB.social expectationsC.financial rewardsD.internal needs答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知人们做
14、志愿者工作的原因为:“to express personal values related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships”再结合“If volunteer positions do not meet these needs,people may not wish to participate”可知答案为D项(满足内在的需求)。2.What can we learn from the Florida study?A.Follow-up stu
15、dies should last for one year.B.Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C.Strategy training is a must in research.D.Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping
16、with the problem they do experience”可知志愿者应该从心理上做好充分的准备。故选B项。3.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A.Individual differences in role identity.B.Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C.Role identity as a volunteer.D.Practical advice from researchers.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中
17、“those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work”可知志愿者身份认同会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作。故选C项。4.What is the best title of the passage?A.How to Get People to VolunteerB.How to Study Volunteer BehavioursC.How to Keep Volunteers
18、InterestD.How to Organise Volunteer Activities答案A解析主旨大意题。文章首段提出假设:假如你是一名组织领导人,很想得到志愿者的帮助,并指出在此之前,必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会,并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项是文章的最佳标题。BRats have been known for double-crossing,but they may not always be cheating.According to researchers,they are actually kind and generous.Chicago Universi
19、ty scientists housed rats in pairs so that they got to know each other.They then placed one inside the cage,and found that the second rat was distressed until it worked out how to free the first one.To their surprise,the animals did not only help each other,they also selflessly shared their foods.Du
20、ring the experiment,scientists found that the rat became anxious the sight of its trapped friend,meaning it had picked up on the animals distress,according to the scientists.But the free animal went much further,learning how to open the tube door,without being shown.A lot of rats repeated the patter
21、n,the journal Science reports.Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal said,“We are not training these rats in any way.These rats are learning because they are motivated by something internal.We are not showing them how to open the door.Its hard to open the door.But they keep trying and trying and eventually it works.”
22、In further experiments,the rats had little or no interest in toys trapped in the cages but they freed real rats.This,say the researchers,shows that the liberator rats motivation was to free the trapped animals.The animal often chose to complete the rescue before sharing their chocolate.The research
23、team said that acting out of empathy(同情) is clearly not unique to humansand suggested we might be able to learn a thing or two from the rat.Professor Mason said,“When we act without empathy,we are acting against our human nature.If humans would listen and act on their empathy more often,wed be bette
24、r off.”5.The underlined word “double-crossing” in the first paragraph may mean .A.runningB.cheatingC.eatingD.sharing答案B解析词义猜测题。从后面的but they may not always be cheating可知老鼠并不总是“带有欺骗性的”,所以double-crossing的意思为“骗人的”。6.Why were the scientists surprised at the research?A.The rats got to know each other.B.Th
25、e first rat was kept in the cage.C.The rats shared their foods.D.The rats didnt help each other.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句的To their surprise,the animals did not only help each other,they also selflessly shared their foods可知研究者对老鼠能分享食物感到惊奇。故该题的正确答案为C项。7.The rats learn to help the trapped ones .A.for funB
26、.by instinctC.by chanceD.by trying答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的These rats are learning because they are motivated by something internal可知老鼠能帮助被困的同伴是出于本能。故该题的正确答案为B项。8.What Professor Mason said means .A.people should show more empathyB.people should learn to help the trapped ratsC.people should be better offD
27、.people should act against human nature答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句If humans would listen and act on their empathy more often,wed be better off可知教授建议要更多地展示同情心和爱心。故该题的正确答案为A项。四、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Students often have a difficult time finding their unique voice and style while writing.One o
28、f the most frustrating things for writing teachers is reading papers that simply lack style.1Here are some simple tips that can help them out.Who are you?One of the most difficult questions for students to answer is:“Who are you?”2In doing this,through writing,students will start to see their person
29、alities differently and,hopefully,be able to add a feature to their writing.Write letters.Writing letters is a great way for students to explore their writing passion(热情).3And get them to write to the one they absolutely hate.Explore how their language changes between the two letters.When students k
30、now their audiences,it is much easier for them to add the kind of personality their audience wants to see.4When students write about what matters most to them,they will often give you the best writing youve ever seen.When students have something to say about a given topic,it can be easier for them t
31、o get their ideas down and then work on their writing style.Get the words on paper,and then edit them.The most valuable lesson students can learn is to write first,and edit later.Have students write for five minutes about their topics.If they can get their ideas down on paper,thats 90% of the battle
32、.5This can help them realise that,once they have the ideas down,the rest is just fine tuning(微调).Once they have this skill mastered,its easy for them to start adding their own personal voice to their papers.A.What matters to you?B.What style is taught in class?C.It can be boring for teachers to grad
33、e their papers.D.Encourage them to write to a famous person theyve always admired.E.Have your students explore who they are and what makes them unique?F.Voice is that magical quality which is able to make a creative writing idea sing.G.After that,have them edit these ideas into a really strong intro
34、ductory paragraph.答案15 CEDAG五、短文改错Last Sunday,my neighbour went out and ask me to help her look after her two little sons.I was busy chatting with my friends on the Internet,but I asked the boys to read books by themselves.After while,I found the pages of a book tore and lying all over the floor.Whe
35、n I asked them whom did it,the elder brother admitted having done it,bent his head.Seeing that he was true sorry,I smiled and gave him some candies and told her never to do it again.When his younger brother saw the candies,he asked why he wasnt given any.His brother said,“Because of you didnt tear o
36、ut the pages of the book.I did.”答案第一句:askasked第二句:butso第三句:while前加a;toretorn第四句:whomwho;bentbending第五句:truetruly;herhim第七句:去掉of;outup六、选词创境运用下列词汇,自己创设一个小语境,形成一个小语段。donate,voluntary,in need,purchase,distribute,operate参考范文This morning I saw a lot of people on the square.I was told that they were donat
37、ing money to a family in need.Some were busy distributing leaflets around.Soon more and more people gathered there.They took money,clothes and food,and one of them even took a computer he just purchased.He said he would teach them to operate it voluntarily if possible.Seeing this,I was moved and joined them immediately.