1、安徽望江县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解提升选练（六）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西省赣中四校高三第二次联考】Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing m
2、ore land to grow additional crops.American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plantsthose that return year after year.Soil scientist John Reganold says，“One of the major problems is that the soil
3、s are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils？There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield.”Mr Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some farmers may have d
4、one more harm than good.“They have been actually using farming practices where theyre not putting in organic matter.Theyre not putting in fertilizers.They cant afford those things.And it just runs the soil down.So theyre worsening the situation.”The scientist says the word perenniation defines three
5、 systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years，but it seems to be growing in popularity.The method is gaining widespread use in countries such a
6、s Niger，Burkina Faso，Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize (玉米)，millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots，but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year，the trees can protect plants from strong sun
7、light.John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation.“Shes a grandmother in her fifties.Her name is Rhoda Mangyana and she started using this system about twenty years ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons
8、 per hectare，four times what she was getting.”1The purpose of the passage is to_.Atell people how to increase productionBintroduce an agricultural system in AfricaCintroduce the oldest farming method in AfricaDtell us how to prevent soil being poor2What does the underlined word “weathering” in Parag
9、raph 4 most probably mean?ABeing exposed to wind and rain.BGrowing different crops.CBeing polluted severely.DBeing ploughed improperly.3According to the passage，which of the following statements is WRONG?APerenniation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants.BPoor soil is the main problem in
10、 increasing food production.CFarmers may be more to blame for the present situation.DAmerican researchers first invented perenniation.4Evergreen agriculture is popular with the farmers mainly because it_.Acan build the soil and improve the yieldBcan provide more wood as wellCis the easiest method to
11、 carry outDis used for a long time5Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda Mangyana?ATo show the method is very popular in Africa.BBecause she is an expert at farming production.CTo prove the farming method is effective.DBecause she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.语篇解读在非洲，土地有限、地力贫瘠
12、，如何有效地改善土地状况，提高农作物产量呢？本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力，促进生产的耕作方式。1解析：考查写作意图。由文章第一段及第二段第二句话可知，本文主要针对非洲土地营养成分不足、产量低这一问题，向我们介绍了一种新的农业系统。答案：B2解析：考查词义猜测。分析画线词所在句可知，多年的风雨侵蚀，导致了土地中大量的营养流失。C项文中未提及，B、D两项不符合句意，可排除。答案：A3解析：考查细节理解。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知，这种系统早已经在非洲使用，所以这种系统并不是美国研究人员最先发明的。答案：D4解析：考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段尤其是本段后半部分内容可知，evergr
13、een agriculture这种方式之所以受农民们的欢迎，在于它能改良土壤，故选择A项。答案：A5解析：考查推理判断。根据文章最后两段可知，John Reganold提到Rhoda Mangyana是为了证明这种种植方式是有效果的。 答案：C。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】CEveryone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state：Without it，it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the wor
14、kers in government offices who look after our health，our food，our water，and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us.By means of taxation，we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live
15、 and something to eat.But everyone knows that taxation is necessary，different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged.Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year？Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell？If the first
16、kind of taxation is used，should everyone pay the same tax，whether he is rich or poor？If the second kind of tax is preferred，should everything be taxed equally?In most countries，a direct tax on persons，which is called income tax，exists.It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing，
17、and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayers income grows.In England，for example，the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninetyfive percent!But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too.Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “dut
18、ies”Of course，it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties，in the form of higher prices.In some countries，too，there is a tax on things sold in the shops.If the most necessary things are taxed，a lot of money is collected，but the poor people suff
19、er most.If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed，less money is got but the tax is fairer，as the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax，together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich，is the best arrangement.36The first paragraph tel
20、ls us about the_.Atax policiesBtaxable itemsCarrangement of taxationDimportance of taxation37Which of the following statements about income tax is NOT true in most countries?AThe poorest pay no tax.BThe poor pay the same taxes as the rich.CThe rich pay more taxes than the poor.DThe rich pay a very h
21、igh percentage of tax.38People who buy imported items in the shops have to pay duties_.Ato the government officeBat a lower priceCas an income taxDin the form of higher prices39According to the writer，if valuable things are taxed，_.Amuch money is collectedBthe poor suffer a lotCthe rich will be happ
22、yDthe tax is more reasonable40In the passage，the writer suggests_.Atwo kinds of income taxesBthe importance of indirect taxesCthe fairer income taxesDmore than one kind of indirect taxes36D第一段第一句就是主题句。37B从第三段可以作出判断。38D第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。39D从第四段最后一句可知答案。40D从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。社会生活型阅读理解(二) People turn to m
23、agic(魔力)chiefly as a form of insurancethat is, they use it along with actions that actually bring results. For example, hunters may use a hunting charm(咒语). But they also use their hunting skills and knowledge of animals. The charm may give hunters the extra confidence they need to hunt even more su
24、ccessfully than they would without it. If they shoot a lot of game(猎物), they credit the charm for their success. Many events happen naturally without magic. Crops grow without it, and sick people get well without it. But if people use magic to bring a good harvest or to cure a patient, they may beli
25、eve the magic was responsible. People also tend to forget magics failures and to be impressed by its surface successes. They may consider magic successful if it appears to work only 10 percent of the time. Even when magic fails, people often explain the failure without doubting the power of the magi
26、c. They may say that the magician made a mistake in reciting the spell or that another magician cast a more powerful spell against the magician. Many anthropologists(人类学家) believe that people have faith in magic because they feel a need to believe in it. People may turn to magic to reduce their fear
27、 and uncertainty if they feel they have no control over the outcome of a situation. For example, farmers use knowledge and skill when they plant their fields. But they know that weather, insects, or diseases might ruin the crops. So farmers in some societies may also plant a charm or perform a magic
28、 rite to ensure a good harvest.1. From the passage, we can learn that the writer of the passage may be _A. a hunter B. a farmer C. a magician D. an anthropologist2. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Magic and Hunting B. Magic and FarmingC. Why Magic Works? D. Why P
29、eople Believe in Magic?3. The underlined word “spell”(Paragraph 2) most probably means “_”. A. magic words B. magic events C. words or expressions D. magicians4. People believe in magic because_A. magic powers are greater than natural powersB. magic can turn dreams into realityC. they are not sure o
30、f themselves D. magic can bring good results 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Even though magic fails, believers in magic will explain the reason.B. Believers in magic usually overstate the power of magic.C. People use magic to reduce their uncertainty and
31、 give them extra confidence.D. Magic can solve problems people cant deal with in a natural way.(三)【要点综述】 为什么有些人相信魔法咒语呢？魔法咒语真的灵验吗？这些人相信魔法咒语是因为他们缺乏自信。作者以人类学家的科学眼光分析了这种社会现象。1D2D 主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了人们为什么相信咒语。3A 词义猜测题。同形异义词需要根据上下文语境来确定其具体意义，不可受原先所熟悉词义的约束。文中第二段的“spell”与“拼写”无关，而是指“咒语”可知。4C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，人们相信魔
32、法咒语是因为人们需要相信它。当人们无法控制情况的后果时，就可能转向寻求魔法咒语来减轻自己的恐惧或不安，也就是人们缺乏自信。5D 正误判断题。D项意思为：咒语可以解决人们用自然的方式不能解决的问题。由文章内容可知，咒语只是人们解决问题时的一种寄托和心理安慰，并不能真正地帮助人们解决问题，故D项表述错误。其他三项均可从文中找到相应的依据。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】DThe quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015 and，a decade later，citizens
33、 in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world.These were the goals set by the Shanghai Water Authority.With the citys population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020，Chen Yin，an official with the water authority，said Shanghais water consumption will not increase f
34、rom its present amount.Zhang Yue，director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction，said，“Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions.They will not be easy to achieve.”He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of Chinas eco
35、nomy.Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure(基础设施) costs by 10,000 yuan.Last year，Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology.“The_aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousn
36、ess of water shortage，” Chen said，“The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.”Shanghai lacks drinkable water.The Huangpu River，which supplies 80 percent of the citys drinkable water，is nearing exhaustion.The city，therefore，h
37、as been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water.Besides penning regulations，the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used.At present，the city has 600,000 family toilets，each using 13 l
38、iters of water per flush.These are to be renovated(整修) to use only 9 liters of water per flush.The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for householdsat a cost of 40 yuan each.In three years，all the toilets will be renovated，which saves the city nearly 15 million yuan every year in water co
39、nservation.Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage(污水) to improve the water environment.At present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water.To meet the total demand,27 more sewagetreatment factories are to be established with an estimate
40、d investment of 18 billion yuan.41The people in Shanghai get their daily water mainly from _ now.AundergroundBthe Yellow RiverCthe Yangtze RiverDthe Huangpu River42The underlined words “the aim” here refer to _.Athe quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015Bciti
41、zens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world by 2025Cwater saving will help keep the sustainable development of Chinas economyDsaving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure costs by 10,000 yuan43The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households to _.
42、Amake peoples living more convenientBsave drinkable fresh waterCease employment pressureDmeet the total demand of water44The writer wrote the passage to _.Acall on residents to save water in their daily lifeBseek ways to solve water shortage existing in ShanghaiCintroduce Shanghais advanced experien
43、ce in improving the water environmentDshow that citizens in Shanghai will have the best drinking water in the world45In the opinion of Zhang Yue，the real meaning of the action to publicize these ambitions is to make people know _.Ait is not easy to achieveBwater shortage is very serious in ChinaCthe importance of improving infrastructureDeconomic development cant be separated with water supply41D文章第七段告诉我们：上海80%的城市饮用水来自黄浦江。42Daim此处指“目标”，即上文提到的每节约一立方水相当于节约城市基础设施费用1万元。43B厕所改造也是为了节约饮用水。44D作者在文章第一段首先点明了主题，即上海人将在2015年饮用上最干净的水。45B从文中第三段可知。
