1、互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害;使受伤;伤害（名誉、自尊等）【典型例句】He injured his knee while playing basketball.他打篮球时膝盖受了伤。This could seriously injure the companys reputation.这会严重损害公司的声誉。【相关链接】injured adj.受伤的；有伤的;委屈的the injured 受伤的人；伤员;伤兵injury n.伤害;损伤;挫伤辨析injure,wound,hurtinjure一般指由于意外或事故受伤，指一时难愈之伤。wound指外伤，
2、如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗、战争中受伤。hurt“受伤”的一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，亦可指感情上的伤害，可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛;引起痛苦”。1.单项选择（1）（2005威海质检） At least 203 miners were killed,22_and 13_in a coal mine gas explosion Monday afternoon in Fuxin.A.injuring;trappingB.injured;trappedC.injured;trappingD.injuring;trapped答案:B（2）In a car accident,mother tr
3、ied her best to prevent her baby from_.As a result,she was killed while her child was safe and alive.A.injuryB.injuringC.being injuredD.being hurt答案：C2.struggle v.&n.努力;奋斗;斗争【典型例句】Many countries are struggling for their independence.许多国家正在为他们的独立而斗争。They struggled just to pay their bills.他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。I
4、 struggled up the hill with heavy bags.我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。He struggled against cancer for two years.他同癌症抗争了两年。【知识小结】struggle against/with sb./sth.同作斗争；与抗争struggle with sb.for sth.为争取而与某人作斗争struggle along/on勉强维持；在困难中坚持struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来2.1)单项选择(1)Though badly injured,he still struggled_walking
5、.A.withB.forC.onD.against提示:struggle on“勉强维持，在困难中坚持。”答案:C2)用适当的介词填空（1）Lifes hard,but well have to struggle_.(2)Lisa struggled_her conscience before talking to the police.(3)The workers are still struggling_a better pay.答案：(1)on(2)with(3)for3.simply adv.仅仅；只；确实；简单地【典型例句】Fame is often simply a matter
6、of being in the right place at the right time.成名常常是身在其位，恰逢其时，仅此而已。The view is simply wonderful!景色美极了！The book explains grammar simply and clearly.这本书对语法解释得简明扼要。【知识小结】(1)simply作“仅仅；只；不过”讲时，强调简单，相当于just。（2）simply作“确实；简直”讲时，强调某种说法，相当于absolutely。（3）simply作“不过；只是”讲时，引出概括或解释。3.指出下列句子中simply的含义，并把该句译成汉语（1）
7、Simply add hot water and stir(搅动). (2)That is simply not true. (3)Anyway,to put it simply,we still owe them 2000.答案：(1)simply相当于just。只加点热水搅动一下就可以了。（2）simply强调某人的说法。那是完全不正确的。（3）simply作“简单的”讲，相当于straightly。不管怎样，简单地说，我们仍然欠他们2000英镑。4.dedicated adj.投入的；专注的；献身的；专门用途的（只作前置定语）。【典型例句】She is dedicated to her
8、job.她对工作专心致志。Software is exported through a dedicated satellite link.软件通过专用卫星线路出口。【相关链接】dedicate v.把献给；题献词 dedication n.献身；奉献；献词dedicate oneself/sth.to (doing) sth.献身于某事；把献给dedicate sth. to sb.把某物献给某人；为举行奉献典礼4.1)单项选择_the secret of nature,the young scientist has little time for entertainment.A.Dedica
9、ted himself to bringing outB.Dedicated himself to bring outC.Dedicated to bringing outD.Dedicating to bringing out提示:dedicate.to.,to为介词 。答案:C2)改错Lets dedicate ourselves to solve the polluted problems.答案：solvesolving5.event n.运动项目；比赛项目；重要事情；公开活动【典型例句】The election was the main event of 1999.这次选举是1999年
10、的主要大事。This is the most social event of the year.这是本年度最重要的社交活动。The 800 metres is the fourth event of the afternoon.800米赛是下午的第四项比赛。【相关链接】in any event/at all events 不管怎样，无论如何in the event结果；到头来in that event如果是那样的话，如果那种事情发生辨析event;incident;accident;affair:event特别指事件，大事，比赛项目；incident事情，小事件，事变，突发事件；acciden
11、t意外事故（尤指灾难）；affair事务；事件；私事。5.单项选择(1) The lawyer advised Tom to drop the_,since he had little chance to win.A.affairB.caseC.incidentD.event提示:case“案件；讼案”；句意为：“律师劝说汤姆撤诉，因为他几乎没有胜诉的可能。”答案:B（2）Mr.Smith came to China not to go sightseeing but to see some personal_.A.eventsB.affairsC.incidentsD.accidents提示
12、:event“大事”；affair“事务，私事”；incident“小事”；accident“意外事故”。答案：B6.apart from远离；和不在一起；除了【典型例句】Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents.She was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.即使她的训练意味着她必须和她的父母不住在一起，她也非常高兴献身于体操事业。I have finished apart from the last question.除了最后一道题，我全做
13、完了。Youve got to help.Apart from anything else youre my brother.你得帮忙。别的不说，你总归是我兄弟。【知识小结】apart from有两重含义，表示“除以外（别无）”同except;表示“除之外（尚有）”,同besides,as well as,in addition to。6.单项选择（1）_a few faults,she was a trustworthy teacher.A.ApartB.Apart fromC.BesideD.Besides提示:apart from在此处相当于except for“除了之外”。答案:B（2
14、）Dont you think it is better to live_your parents when you are old enough to get independent?A.apart fromB.besidesC.as well asD.in addition答案：A7.devote v.投入；献身；专心【典型例句】She devoted herself to her career.她全力倾注于自己的事业。I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.我一天只能在这个项目上花两小时。【知识小结】devot
15、e oneself to sb./sth.献身于；致力于devote.to.把用于7.单项选择Although the working mother is very busy,she still_a lot of time to her children.A.devotesB.spendsC.offersD.provides提示:devote.to.“把用于”答案:A8.rush vt. & vi. & n.迅速移动；急促；速送；仓促行事；突袭；冲向【典型例句】Ive been rushing around all day trying to get everything done.我一整天都
16、四下忙活，想把所有的事都做完。Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital.救护车迅速将伤员送往医院。Fans rushed the stage after the concert.音乐会结束后乐迷们一下子涌向舞台。【相关链接】rush(sb.)into (doing) sth.使（某人）仓促做某事rush sth.out仓促生产；赶制rush sth.through使快速通过in a rush急忙；匆忙rush hour(上下班时的）交通高峰期8.1)单项选择(1)The editors rushed_an item on the crash f
17、or the late news.A.throughB.offC.outD.on提示:rush out“仓促赶制”。答案:C（2）I cant stopIm_rush.A.onB.on C.inD.in a提示:in a rush“急忙，匆忙”。答案：D2)完成句子We dont want to.(我们不急着吃晚饭。)答案：rush into having supper9.severe adj.严重的；严厉的；严格的；恶劣的；艰巨的【典型例句】The Party suffered severe loses during the last election.该党在上次选举中惨败。She was
18、a severe woman who seldom smiled.她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。【相关链接】be severe with 对要求严格be strict with对要求严格be severe on/upon对很严厉severe looks严肃的神色a severe sentence重刑判决a severe winter严冬a severe wound重伤9.单项选择(1)We should be_with ourselves and lenient(宽大的) towards others.A.severeB.severelyC.seriousD.seriously提示:句意
19、为：“我们应当严以律己，宽以待人。”答案:A（2）I think you are too severe_ the boy.A.toB.onC.ofD.toward答案:B（3）He was given a_sentence because of his robbery.A.seriousB.heavyC.big D.severe答案：D10.cheer n.欢呼声；喝彩声；欢乐（或幸福）的气氛v.欢呼；喝彩；加油；鼓励【典型例句】A great cheer went up from the crowd.观众爆发出一阵热烈的欢呼声。Christmas and New Year are a tim
20、e of good cheer in the company of family and friends.圣诞节和新年是至亲好友相聚充满欢乐气氛的时刻。We all cheered as the team came on to the field.球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。She was cheered by the news from home.来自家里的消息使她受到鼓舞。【相关链接】cheer sb. on(赛跑、比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励，为（某人）加油cheer up;cheer sb./sth. up使变得更高兴，（使）振奋起来cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的cheering n.
21、 U 欢呼声adj.令人高兴的；令人鼓舞的cheers n.(用于祝酒)干杯；告辞，再见10.单项选择（1）Ill attend the driving test tomorrow._.A.Good luckB.Well-doneC.Cheer upD.Enjoy yourself提示:句意为：“我明天要去参加驾驶测试。”“祝你好运。”答案:A（2）The results of the test were very_.A.cheerB.cheerfulC.cheeringD.cheers提示:cheering adj.“令人高兴的，修饰某事。”答案：C（3）Give Mary a call;s
22、he needs_because she failed in the test.A.to cheer upB.cheering upC.cheer upD.cheered up提示:need to be done,need doing.“需要被”。答案：B11.in good spirits情绪好;精神状态饱满【典型例句】Though she was badly injured,she was in good spirits.虽然她受伤很严重，然而她的精神状态很饱满。【相关链接】spirit n.精神;勇气;意志;心态spirits n.情绪;心境;烈酒in spirit 在心里;在精神上in
23、 spirits 愉快地;活泼地keep up ones spirits打起精神；提神11.单项选择(1)I wonder why Tom has been in low_recently;he is always a man of_.A.spirits;spiritsB.spirit;spiritC.spirits;spiritD.spirit;spirits答案:C (2)Do you know the three words that show the_of the Olympic Games?A.spiritB.spiritsC.natureD.character答案：A12.acco
24、mplish vt.完成【典型例句】The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished.计划的第一部分已顺利完成。I dont feel Ive accomplished very much today.我觉得我今天没干成多少事。【相关链接】accomplished adj.才华高的;熟练的accomplishment n.完成;成就;成绩;才艺;专长12.单项选择Most of the time has gone by,but we only_one-third of our task.A.accomplished B.are ac
25、complishingC.have accomplishedD.accomplish提示:“虽然大部分时间已经过去了，但我们只完成了三分之一的任务。”答案:C13.adapt v.使适应;使适合（新情况、新用途）；改写;改编【典型例句】Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.过了好一阵子，他才适应新环境。Three of h
26、er novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说中已有三部改编成电视节目。【知识小结】adapt sth.for sth.使适应新用途;为改编adapt oneself to sth.适应新情况【相关链接】adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的adaptation/adaption n.改编本；改写本adopt vt.采用；收养13.单项选择(1)He failed to_himself to the new environment.A.adopt B.adaptC.attachD.arrange.提示:adopt“采用，收养”，a
27、dapt oneself to“使适应”。答案:B（2）Mr.White had to arrange his newly-bought suit,because his wife said it doesnt_his sun-burnt face.A.fitB.suitC.adaptD.match提示:fit指大小适合，suit指合乎要求、口味、性格、情况，match指色调、形状、性质等相配或相称，adapt 指作出较大的修改或改变以达到目的。答案：B14.inspire v.激励；鼓舞；启发;启示；使产生（感觉或情感）【典型例句】The actors inspired the kids w
28、ith their enthusiasm.演员们以热情鼓舞着孩子们。His paintings were clearly inspired by Monets work.他的绘画显然是受到了莫奈作品的启示。Her work didnt exactly inspire me with confidence.她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。【知识小结】inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人干某事inspire sb.with sth.用某事鼓舞某人【相关链接】inspired adj.品质优秀的；能力卓越的；受影响的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的inspirati
29、on n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人（物）14.单项选择(1)_by the heros deeds,the students study harder than before.A.InspireB.InspiredC.InspiringD.To inspire提示:句意为：“被英雄的事迹鼓舞了，同学们学习比以前更努力。”此时应用过去分词表被动。答案:B（2）The movie is_,and we are all_.A.inspired;inspiredB.inspiring;inspiringC.inspired;inspiringD.inspiring;inspired提示:inspiring
30、“鼓舞人心的”;inspired“受影响的”。答案：D15.sympathy n.同情；赞同；支持【典型例句】I have no sympathy for Jane,its all her own fault.我不同情简，那都是她自己的错。I wish hed show me a little more sympathy.我多希望他能再体谅我一点。The seamen went on strike in sympathy with the dockers.海员们举行罢工，以表示对码头工人的支持。【相关链接】express/feel/have sympathy for sb.向某人表示同情/对某
31、人感到同情/同情某人in sympathy with因而出现；相应发生；支持out of sympathy with sb./sth.不赞成；不支持（某人或事物）15.1)单项选择(1)The disabled person was begging by the roadside and everyone who went there expressed sympathy_him.A.for B.toC.atD.on提示:express sympathy for sb.“对表示同情”。答案:A2)完成句子Share(股票) prices slipped(随着) the German marke
32、t.答案：in sympathy with16.arrange v.安排；筹备；整理；排列；谱写【典型例句】The party was arranged quickly.聚会很快就安排好了。Weve still got to arrange how to get to the airport.我们还得安排如何到达机场。Ive arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cat while we are away.我们外出期间给猫喂食的事，我已和邻居安排妥了。She arranged the flowers in a vase.她把花瓶中的花插好
33、。He arranged traditional folk songs for the piano.他把传统民歌改编成钢琴曲。【相关链接】arrange sth.arrange wh-+to doarrange that 从句arrange sth.for sth.为改写；谱写as arranged 按安排；约定arranged marriage包办婚姻16.1）单项选择In the old days of China,childrens marriage were_by their parents.A.arrangedB.tiedC.fixedD.made提示:arrange“安排；决定”；
34、tie“捆，系”；fix“固定；安装”；make“制作”。“在中国旧社会，儿女的婚姻是父母包办的”。答案:A2）完成句子（1）Ive arranged(我们可以借用他们的车).（2）The novel has been (被改编成电视剧).(3)We met at six,(按约定).答案：（1）that we can borrow their car(2)arranged for TV play(3)as arranged17.be tired of 对感到厌倦/疲惫【典型例句】Im tired of all the arguments.我烦透了这些争论。She was tired of h
35、earing about their trip to India.她听腻了他们的印度之行。【相关链接】be/get tired from/with.因而感到劳累tire sb.out 使某人精疲力竭be tired out精疲力竭tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的（修饰人）tiring adj.令人困倦的（修饰物）tiresome adj.讨厌的；令人厌烦的（可修饰人或物）17.单项选择(1)_of reading,he put down the book and stopped_.A.Tired;to watch TVB.Tired;watching TVC.Tiring;watching
36、TVD.Tiring;to watch TV提示:be tired of用于人，而tiring不能；stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来做另外一件事。答案:A（2）We all felt_ of the_child.A.tired;tiresomeB.tired;tiringC.tireless;tiredD.tiresome;tiring答案：A18.believe in 信任；信仰；相信的价值；认为是好的【典型例句】They need a leader they can believe in.他们需要一个可以信赖的领导。Do you believe
37、 in God?你相信有上帝吗？【相关链接】believe it or not信不信由你believe sth.of sb.相信某人能干出某事believe sb.相信某人believe in sb.信任某人的品质、能力等18.单项选择More and more people nowadays have come_taking exercise every day.A.believeB.believe inC.to believe D.to believe in提示:come to常与静态动词或词组（如know,understand,love,like等）连用，表示动作的起点。get 也可以这
38、样使用。本句的意思为“当今越来越多的人开始认为每天锻炼身体是好的”。答案:Dmunicate vt.& vi.交流；沟通；传递；传播；相通【典型例句】They communicated in sign language.他们用手语沟通。He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.他急于把他的想法传达给小组成员。The novel is about a family who cant communicate with each other.这部小说写的是关于家庭成员彼此无法沟通的一个家庭。19.单项选择_in sign language,t
39、hey both can understand very well.A.CommunicateB.CommunicatedC.To communicateD.Communicating提示:A项只能作谓语动词；B项为过去分词，表被动；C项为动词不定式，表目的;D项为现在分词表方式，逻辑主语是句子的主语。答案:D20.assist vt.帮助；协助【典型例句】Well assist you in finding somewhere to live.我们将帮你找个住的地方。Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。【
40、知识小结】assist sb.in/with sth.帮助某人某事assist sb.in doing sth.帮助某人做某事assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事比较：help sb.with sth.help(sb.) to do帮助某人做某事20.1)单项选择1）Well do all we_ assist you.A.canB.can doC.can toD.can doing提示:all为先行词，we can do作为定语从句修饰all。但由于前面已经有do，所以can后的do省略，后紧接动词不定式表示目的。答案:C2)完成句子（1）He_ me_(用帮助) mone
41、y.(2)The police will(帮你找到) her address.答案：(1)assists,with(2)assist you in finding/to find二、句型剖析1.疑问词+to do 作宾语或主语或表语【典型例句】When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。（作主语）I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(作宾语)The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。（作表语）I can tell you where to get this boo
42、k.我可以告诉你在哪里可以买到此书。（作宾语）【相关链接】（1）有时疑问词前可用介词。如：I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。（2)动词know后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能用know+how/what+不定式。1.单项选择(1)While still a young boy,Tom knew_the piano well and as he grew older,he wrote operas,the most famous of which is Carmen.A.how to playB.how playing C.what to play
43、D.to play提示:“当他是小孩子时，Tom知道怎样弹好钢琴。”答案:A（2）_has not been decided.A.Where and when to hold the meetingB.When and where to hold the meetingC.When and where holding the meetingD.Where and when holding the meeting提示:“何时，何地”习惯用when and where,会议还没有开用to do。答案：B2.in case“以防万一;假使;免得”，引导状语从句【典型例句】Be quiet in ca
44、se you should wake the baby.安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。Ill cook plenty of potatoes in case they decide to stay for dinner.我多烧些土豆，以防（万一）他们决定留下吃晚饭。Take an umbrella in case it rains.带把伞以防下雨。【相关链接】in case of要是;在时候in this case如果这样的话in that case如果那样的话in any case无论如何in no case决不;在任何情况下都不in good case健康;生活富裕It/This/That is
45、 not the case.情况不是这样；并非事实。2.1)单项选择I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some_.A.at lastB.in case C.onceD.in time提示:in case“万一”,用作副词,表明说话人带一些钱的目的是以防万一。答案:B2)完成句子（1）(不管怎样） I shall return in a day or two.(2)Ive got the key(以防) we want to go inside.(3)(无论如何都不) are you to leave your post.答案：(1)In
46、 any case(2)in case(3)In no case3.by the time【典型例句】By the time he was ten,he had learnt 2000 English words.当他10岁时，他已学会2000个英语单词了。Well finish the work by the time you come.你来时我们将已完成了任务。【知识小结】by the time引导时间状语从句,主句多用完成时态，但有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时。【相关链接】for the time being暂时at a time每次at one time曾经；一度at times=fr
47、om time to time有时in no time立刻at the same time 同时；依然at no time 绝不all the time一直；始终on time 按时in ones own spare time业余时间take ones time从容进行keep time(指钟表）走得准once upon a time从前kill time 消磨时间lose/waste no time in doing sth.赶紧做某事3.单项选择(1)By the time we went there,she_her task.A.finishedB.was finishingC.has
48、finishedD.had finished提示:“我们到那儿时，她已经完成了任务。”到那儿是过去时，完成任务是过去的过去。答案:D（2）At that time,he_TV.A.is watchingB.was watchingC.watchedD.watches提示:at that time“在那时”，为过去进行时的时间状语。答案：B（3）He_ great contribution in his time.A.madeB.makesC.had madeD.have made提示:in his time“在他那个时代”，为过去时间。答案：A4.even though 引导让步状语从句【典型
49、例句】Even though he is poor,she loves him.尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。Ill get there,even if I have to walk.我就是走也要走到那儿去。I like her,even though she can be annoying at times.尽管她可能有时很烦人，我还是喜欢她。【知识小结】even though 意为“即使；纵然；虽然”，也可以与even if换用。【相关链接】if/even if(even though)/as if(as though)辨析:(1)if 引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。If it rains
50、tomorrow,I wont go to Heilongjiang.如果明天下雨,我就不去黑龙江。(2)even if(even though)同时带有假设性和让步性。Even if it rains tomorrow,I will go to Heilongjiang.即使明天下雨,我也要去黑龙江。(3)as if(as though)意为“好像”,引导表语从句或方式状语从句,常用虚拟语气。He talks as if he had been to the moon.他谈论着好像是他去过月球似的。4.单项选择（1）This dress was last years style.I thin
51、k it still looks perfect_it has gone out this year.A.so thatB.even thoughC.as ifD.ever since答案:B（2）It looks like rain,John,youd better put your appointment off to tomorrow.No,Ill go_it rains.A.if B.evenC.even ifD.though提示:“即使天下雨，我也要去。”答案：C（3）When a stick is partly put into a glass of water,it looks
52、as if_.A.brokeB.breaksC.is brokenD.was broken提示:as if“似乎，好像”，引导从句用虚拟语气。答案：D5.must have done“一定，必定”，情态动词表示推测【典型例句】I posted a book to her three weeks ago and she must have received it.三个星期前我给她寄了一本书，她一定收到了。It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面湿了。【相关链接】（1)can/could have+过去分词：
53、表示对过去已经发生的事情进行推测判断，常用于疑问句。当所叙述情况是客观事实时，也用于肯定句。（2）cannot/cant/couldnt have+过去分词：表示对过去已发生的事情进行否定推测判断。（3）may/might have+过去分词：表示对过去已经发生的事进行推测判断，一般只用于肯定或否定句中（疑问句中用can或could),may/might的意思是“可能；或许”，may(might) not的意思是“可能不（没有）”。（4）should/ought to have+过去分词：表示过去本来应该发生而实际上并没有发生的事，含有自责或责备的语气。（5）neednt have+过去分词：
54、表示本来不必做某事而实际上已经做了某事，常见其否定式，强调“不必要”。need have done可表示本来需要做，而实际未做。注意：could have+过去分词 ，也可以表示过去某事本来可以发生，但是却没有发生。5.单项选择（1）He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldntD.cant提示:根据句意“他一定是已完成工作了；否则，他就不会在海边玩得那么高兴了”可知，本句为对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，故应选用must。答案:B（
55、2）Tom graduated from college at a very young age.Oh,he_have been a very smart boy then.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.must提示:考查正确使用情态动词的能力。must+have done表示对过去动作的肯定猜测。D项符合题意。答案：D三、难句透视1.To some,happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.To others,happiness means achieving success in something.对一些人来
56、说，幸福就是被朋友和家人包围着。对另一些人来说，幸福就是在某些方面取得成功。【剖析】some.others，意为“一些另一些”，是泛指的概念，若连在一起用则往往代替可数名词。再如：Some students are reading in the classroom;others are playing on the playground.一些学生在教室里读书，另一些在操场上玩。【相关链接】the others强调剩余的全部是特指，一般指两个以上的人或物，指代可数名词。the other特指两个之中的另一个。another三者或三者以上的任何一个，是泛指。the rest剩下的，余下的，可指代可
57、数或不可数名词。1.单项选择（1）I dont think weve met before.Youre taking me for_.A.some otherB.someone elseC.other personD.one other提示:else只能放在复合不定代词或疑问词之后。答案:B（2）What do you think of the cake?Its nice.Id like to have_.A.some otherB.anotherC.othersD.other提示:another或“another+单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，又一个，再一个”，other或“other+名词复
58、数”泛指“别人或别的物”，another可修饰“数词+名词复数”。答案：B2.Our guest today is Dr.Brain,a psychologist who has written several books about happiness and the things people do to keep themselves happy.我们今天的嘉宾是布伦博士，他是一个心理学家，已经写了几本关于幸福以及如何获得幸福的书。【剖析】a psychologist是Dr Brain的同位语，a psychologist后接定语从句，happiness与the things同为abou
59、t的宾语。people do是定语从句，修饰the things，关系代词that省略，to keep themselves happy是动词不定式表示目的。【归纳】keep+宾语+宾补结构中宾补可以由形容词、副词、介词短语、过去分词、现在分词来充当。We put on more clothes to keep ourselves warm.我们多穿了衣服以便御寒。Wed better keep the fire burning.我们最好让炉子一直燃烧着。In hot weather he always keeps the electric fan on.在炎热的天气里他总是开着电扇。Im s
60、orry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。2.单项选择（1）Lets hope the sunny weather_for Saturdays tennis match.A.keeps upB.picks upC.carries onD.puts up提示:keep up指好天气持续不断。答案:A（2）The church bells keep me_.A.from sleepB.from sleepingC.sleepingD.to sleep提示:keep sb.from doing sth.同prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.意义一
61、致。keep后的from在主动语态中不可以省略，prevent 和stop后面的from可省略，但在被动语态中from均不可省略。答案：B（3）He earns enough money to keep himself and his family_good clothes.A.inB.withC.onD.for答案：A3.She was rushed to a top hospital in New York and specialists from many parts of the world said that because of her severe injures,she wou
62、ld never walk again. 她立刻被送往纽约的一家顶级医院，世界许多地方的专家们都说，由于受伤严重，她可能永远都不能行走了。【剖析】本句为and连接的并列句，两个并列句分别为：She was rushed to a top hospital;specialists said she would never walk again.其中that because of her severe injuries,she would never walk again为said的宾语从句,because of her severe injuries是原因状语。Never fish in tro
63、uble water.不要混水摸鱼。【归纳】be rushed to被急送至Many necessary supplies were rushed to the destroyed areas.许多必需品被送往被破坏的地区。because of介词短语只能接名词、动名词或what 从句，而because 是连词，必须连接句子。Because of what he did,his mother got very angry.由于他所做的事，他的母亲变得很生气。Many people became homeless because of the flood.由于这场洪水，许多人变得无家可归。3.单
64、项选择(1)How can I wake up so early?Set the alarm at 5 oclock,_youll make it.A.butB.orC.andD.so提示:“祈使句+and+主语+will+v.”的结构。答案:C（2）They were surprised that a child should work out the problem_they themselves couldnt.A.once B.thenC.while D.if提示:while为并列连词，表对比，“然而”。答案：C（3）He made a note of it_she might for
65、get it.A.so thatB.ifC.in caseD.in order that提示:in case“以防万一。”答案：C4.Instead of crying about what she had lost and feeling hopeless,Sang Lan thought about what she could do to get better.桑兰没有因为她所失去的而哭泣，也没有绝望，她在考虑要做什么才能让自己恢复得更好。【剖析】本句的主干是Sang Lan thought about.,crying about.与feeling.是并列关系，即instead of c
66、rying.,instead of feeling.。【归纳】(1)think about考虑Please think about how to answer this question.请仔细考虑怎样回答这个问题。He thought about for a while and decided to go there.他仔细考虑了一会儿决定去那儿。(2)get better变得更好，恢复得更好，其中get为系动词，类似的动词还有become,turn,get,go；表示持续某种状态的有stay,remain,continue。4.单项选择（1）Someone who lacks stayin
67、g power and perseverance is unlikely to_a good researcher.A.makeB.turnC.getD.grow提示:make有条件成为（好的方面）。turn“成为”，后不与冠词连用;get“变得，变成”；grow“逐渐长成”。结合句意应选A项。答案:A（2）Have you ever think_your childhood?A.of B.aboutC.overD.out提示:think of“考虑；关心；记得”;think about“回想，认为”；think over“仔细考虑”；think out“设计出，发现”。答案：B5.She i
68、s also hosting a sports programme about the 2008 Beijing Olympics.她也打算主持2008年北京奥运会的一个体育节目。【剖析】is hosting是现在进行时代替将来时，类似用法的少数动词如go,come,arrive,leave,return,begin,do,die,lose等的现在进行时，可以表示预计即将发生的动作。My uncle is coming back from abroad.我舅舅要从国外回来了。The train is arriving soon.火车就要到了。5.单项选择No one_this building
69、 without the permission of the police.A.is leavingB.is to leaveC.has leftD.will be leaving提示:be leaving表打算、预计干，与题意不符。will be doing表将来进行；be to leave 表示按计划、安排或请求允许干，与句意相符。答案：B四、语法详解时态：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，一般将来时，过去将来时。一般过去时1.表示在过去某一点时间发生的动作或所处的状态。He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago.他一小时前到达杭州。Where were you
70、 just now?你刚才在哪里？I saw him when he came in.他进来时我看见他了。2.表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态。Their children often went hungry in the old days.在旧社会，他们的孩子经常挨饿。During his middle school years,he played football nearly every day.他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。3.表示主语过去的特征或性格等。At that time she spoke very good English.那时她英语说得很好。She was an
71、orphan and gave piano lessons to rich children.她是个孤儿，给有钱人家的孩子上钢琴课。Thousands of years ago in Egypt,kings planned strong tombs for themselves.数千年前，在埃及，国王们为自己设计坚固的坟墓。4.用used to+动词原形或would+动词原形表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。I used to leave for work at 7:30.我过去总是7点半离家去上班。What time did you use to get up last year?去年你通常什么
72、时候起床？Whenever I had a chance,I would go to Comrade Changs to have a talk with him.我一有机会总到常同志家同他谈心。5.一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用，常用的状语有：yesterday,last night,two days(weeks,months)ago,in 1996,before liberation,at that time等，也常和when,if等连词引导的状语从句连用。Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你打排球了吗？My fathe
73、r,when he was a child,worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.我父亲很小的时候每天为地主工作15小时。6.有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是过去发生的，应使用过去时态。I didnt know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙。I didnt expect to meet you here.我没想到在这儿碰到你。7.一般过去时可与today,this week,this month等时间状语连用。I saw him today.我今天见到过他。He came late three times this week
74、.这星期他迟到了3次。上两句中说话人所处的时间是today和this week,但saw和came是发生在说话时之前，故用一般过去时。8.评价历史人物时，可用一般现在时，也可以用一般过去时，但是用一般现在时侧重于其贡献或成果及历史上的位置，用一般过去时，则侧重于对其本人的介绍。Charlie Chaplin is one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of the cinema.查理卓别林是电影史上最伟大最滑稽的演员之一。Charlie Chaplin was a great actor,and he acted in m
75、any films.查理卓别林是一位伟大的演员，他演了很多电影。9.一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为，但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉、客气，这样的词有think,wonder,hope等。I wondered if you could do me a favour.我不知你能否帮我一个忙。1.单项选择（1）Scientists think that the continents_always where they_today.A.arent;areB.arent;wereC.werent;areD.werent;were提示:由句意“科学家们认为，大陆并不总是像它们今天所在的位置”可知，大陆原
76、来的位置，应该用一般过去时来表达，而大陆今天的情况，应用一般现在时来表达。答案：C（2）Why did you leave that position?I_a better position at IBM.A.offerB.offeredC.am offeredD.was offered提示:问句中运用了一般过去时，询问过去的客观事实，因此答语中也应该用一般过去时，故排除A、C两项；工作是被提供的，应用被动语态。答案：D（3）When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain.A.start
77、ed;had already hiddenB.had started;had already hiddenC.had started;was hidingD.was starting;hid提示:由句意“当这个老人开始往家走的时候，太阳已经躲到山后面去了”可知，太阳下山应发生在老人开始往家走之前，故从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。答案：A（4）If the traffic hadnt been so heavy,I could have been back by 6 oclock.What a pity!Tina_ here to see you.A.isB.wasC.would beD.
78、has been提示:上句虚拟语气表明与过去事实相反的情况，答语自然还是陈述过去的实际情况。答案：B（5）Since you werent at the meeting,we_the decision without you.A.madeB.had madeC.were makingD.would make提示:主从句的时态要一致。从句用了一般过去时，而主句的动作和状态与从句是同步的，所以也要用一般过去时。答案：A过去进行时其结构为was,were+现在分词1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at
79、 this time yesterday,at ten oclock yesterday等连用。This time yesterday,they were having lunch.昨天这个时候他们正在吃午饭。What were you doing at ten oclock last night?昨天晚上10点钟你在做什么？2.表示在过去一段时间内持续进行的动作（有时也可以有间歇）。We were discussing the plan the whole morning yesterday.昨天整个上午我们一直在讨论这个计划。She was singing songs from 7:00
80、to 7:30 that evening.那晚7点到7点半她一直在唱歌。3.常用于介绍故事的背景Once an Arab was travelling in the desert.有一次一个阿拉伯人在沙漠里旅行。A mother crocodile was looking for food near the bank.一条母鳄鱼在岸边觅食。4.过去反复发生的动作过去进行时常同always,frequently,continually等连用，表示过去反复发生的行为动作，带有赞美、厌烦等感情色彩。He was continually asking her questions.他总是问她问题。5.有
81、时，可用过去进行时强调过去某一动作延续较长时间。It was raining all day yesterday.昨天一整天都在下雨。6.when引导的从句表示一个短暂的时间点，谓语动词用一般过去时，while引导的句子表示一段持续的时间，谓语动词用过去进行时。如：I was writing a letter when he came in.他进来时我正在写一封信。The telephone rang while she was washing.她正在洗衣服时电话铃响了。注：come,go,plan,expect,look forward to等动词（词组）的过去进行时，有时表示本来打算做而实
82、际没有做成的事情。如：He was coming to see me,but unfortunately he was ill.他本来打算看我，但不幸的是，他病了。过去完成时1.构成had+过去分词（had通用于所有人称）2.用法过去完成时表示过去的过去，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。可图示为（1）用于含有by,before,when,after,until等引导的时间状语的句子中。She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month.到上个月末，她已经学了2000个英语单词。He had alread
83、y had his breakfast before seven oclock this morning.今天早晨7点之前他已吃完了早饭。The train had already left when I got to the station.我赶到车站时，火车已经开走了。注：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，若两个动作紧接着发生，则常不需用过去完成时，尤其是在含有before 和after的复合句中。Just before I left the classroom,I closed all the window.在离开教室前，我关上了所有的窗户。（2）句中虽然没有明显的时间状语，但动作的先后由上
84、下文能表示出来。此时，较先发生的动作用过去完成时。He thought he had read the book.他想他曾经读过那本书。He asked who had broken the window.他责问是谁打破了窗户。（3）mean,hope,intend,want,think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个本来以为应发生的事，而实际未发生。I had meant to come,but it rained.我本想来，但是下雨了。（没能如愿）（6）Whats wrong with your coat?Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,
85、the man next to me on it.A.satB.had satC.had been sittingD.was sitting提示:由句意“你的外衣怎么了？”“刚才我正要下车时，坐在我旁边的那位男士正坐在上面呢！”when表示的时间可指从句的动作刚刚发生，主句的动作正在进行。答案：D (7) Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she_.A.has doneB.had doneC.was doingD.is doing提示:
86、由上句“苏珊决定不在家里忙活这事”引出下句“因为她不想让父母知道她在做什么”。主句用了一般过去时，所以从句也要用相应的过去时，由句意知应用过去进行时。答案：C (8) The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car.A.has beenB.had beenC.was beingD.would be提示:place这一动作发生在catch之前，用过去完成时，且box与place之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。答案：B(9) He_more tha
87、n 5000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A.has learnedB.would have learnedC.learnedD.had learned提示:根据句中when引导的时间状语从句知从句用了一般过去时，而“学习五千多个英语单词”明显发生在“入大学”之前，故主句的时态应为过去完成时。答案：D (10)Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh!I thought they_ without me.A.we
88、ntB.are goingC.have goneD.had gone提示:“走”这一动作发生在“认为”的过去，故用had gone。句意为：“我原认为她们早已不等我就走了。”答案：D一般将来时一般将来时表示将来会出现的动作或状态。They will fly to Beijing in three days.他们3天以后乘飞机去北京。Ill expect to hear from you this afternoon.我今天下午等你的回音。There will be a meeting at four.4点钟要开会。1.be going to+动词原形，表示说话者明确的打算或确信会发生的事，多用
89、于口语。（1）表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事。I am going to write to Henry this evening.我今天晚上打算给亨利写封信。They are going to hold a meeting to discuss it.他们打算开个会来讨论那件事。（2）表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。It looks as it is going to rain.天看上去像要下雨了。The moon is going to rise in a minute.月亮一会儿就会升起来。I am afraid it is going to snow.恐怕天要下雪了。I th
90、ink they are going to win the match.我想，这场比赛他们会赢的。This rope is going to break soon.这根绳子快要断了。（3）“be going to+动词原形”一般不可以表示单纯的将来，但在口语中仍常见使用，接近will的意义。Tomorrow is going to be her birthday.明天是她的生日。The girl is going to be fifteen next month.下个月，这个女孩就15岁了。2.be to+动词原形，表示安排好要发生或命令做什么。（1）表示预先安排好的计划或约定。I am to
91、 meet Mr.Brown at eleven oclock this morning.我要在今天上午11点钟见布朗先生。There is to be a concert on Saturday evening.星期六晚上将有一场音乐会。The exhibition is to start in a weeks time.展览会将在一周后开幕。（2）表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。All the questions are to be answered at once.所有的问题都必须立即回答。We are to take care of all these children.我们
92、必须照顾所有这些孩子。You are to return the book before Friday.你务必要在星期五之前归还这本书。(3)表示注定要发生的事情。Her plan is to be a failure.她的计划注定是要失败的。3.be about to+动词原形，表示“正要做某事，即将要做某事”。（1）“be about to+动词原形”，表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”，如：The meeting is about to begin.会议就要开始。He is about to start on a journey.他快要旅行去了。（2）“be about to+动词原
93、形”结构不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。如：They are about to leave.他们即将动身。She was about to go to the cinema when I came.当我来的时候，她正要去看电影。注：be going to+v.不能表示单纯的将来。正：I will/shall be twenty next year.误：Im going to be twenty next year.正：Tomorrow will be the 20th of August.误：Tomorrow is going t
94、o be the 20th of August.will表将来时不可用于条件状语从句或时间状语从句中，但它表意愿时则可以。误：If you will see him,please tell him about it.正：If you see him,please tell him about it.正：If she will listen to me,Ill give her some advice.be going to do或现在进行时（be doing） 表将来时，往往表示事先经过考虑或作好安排的将来，而will加动词原形则可表示在说话时才作出的决定。如：Youve left the l
95、ight on.Oh,so I have.Ill go and turn it off.（此时不可换用Im going。）一般现在时也可以表将来，指安排好的预定要发生的事情，如：The plane takes off at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.飞机明早8点起飞。将来进行时表示在将来某一个时刻或某时间段以内正在进行的动作，构成：will/shall be doing。The plane will be flying over the Pacific Ocean this time tomorrow.明天这个时候飞机将在太平洋上空飞行。Well be taking
96、an examination this time next week.下周的这个时候我们将正在参加考试。(11)Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh,no,I forgot.I_ her now.A.will be callingB.will callC.callD.am to call提示:“我将告诉朱莉娅”告诉这一动作还未发生，故用一般将来时，D选项为be to do sth.结构，这种形式表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，不合题意。答案：B（12）As soon as he comes back,Ill tell him when_and see h
97、im.A.you will comeB.will you comeC.you comeD.do you come提示:when从句为宾语从句，所以要用陈述句语序；when宾语从句与主句时态一致，不存在时态替换问题，所以也要用一般将来时。答案：A（13）According to the agreement,you must finish the work by this month.Dont worry.Were trying hard and it_that long.A.hasnt lastedB.wont lastC.didnt lastD.doesnt last提示:由句意“我们正在努力
98、，将用不了多久就会完成”可知，应用一般将来时。答案：B（14）How much can you pay me for the job?You_$200.A.will payB.are payingC.will be paidD.are paid提示:对话时，钱还未付给你，所以“你将被付给200美元”。答案：C (15) Its high time I went home,but Im enjoying myself,so I_here a bit longer.A.am stayingB.had stayedC.stayedD.stay提示:联系语境这里用am staying表示一种计划或安排
99、，这是现在进行时表示将来时的一种用法。答案：A (16)I_ go out when it rains.A.am goingB.am toC.will goD.am about to提示:be about to.when正打算干某事，这时答案：D (17)Can you tell me what_this time tomorrow?Maybe Ill doing my homework.A.are you doingB.will you doC.will you be doing D.do you do提示:“明天的这个时候将在做什么？”可用将来进行时。答案：C (18) I need on
100、e more week before the work_.A.finishesB.will be finishedC.is finishedD.has finished提示:before时间状语从句要用一般现在时代替将来时，work与finish 之间为被动关系。答案：C (19) By the time Jane gets home,her aunt_ for London to attend a meeting.A.will leaveB.leavesC.will have leftD.left提示:by the time是一个与完成时连用的时间状语，在此题的时间状语从句中用了一般现在时，
101、那么主句的谓语动词就得用将来完成时。答案：C过去将来时1.构成would/should+动词原形（would通用于所有人称，should只用于第一人称；should和would可缩写成为“d”,should not和would not的缩写形式分别为shouldnt和wouldnt。）2.用法（1）从过去看将来表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。He said he would go to the north for the holiday.他曾说他将去北方度假。I told her I should(或would) return the book in a f
102、ew days.我告诉过她，我将在几天后还书。（2）“was/were going to+动词原形”所表示的过去将来时，这种结构表示过去曾经打算或计划将要做什么。She said she was going to buy a new bike.她说她打算买一辆新自行车。He told me he was going to learn another foreign language.他告诉我说，他打算学另一门外语。（3）“was/were+动词不定式”所表示的过去将来时这种结构表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。He said he was to finish the work in a week.
103、他说他打算一个星期后完成这项工作。She told me that she was to plant some trees in the yard.她告诉过我说她要在院子里种些树。（4）“was/were+about+动词不定式”所表示过去将来时，这种结构表示“即将”要发生的动作。The bus was about to start.公共汽车马上就要开了。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我刚要出去，电话铃就响了。 (20)Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I_,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did提示:was/were going to do表示“过去计划、安排将要做某事”，强调计划性，在此符合语境；would 表示过去将来或习惯性的动作;did所表达意义与事实相反。答案：C (21)We were all surprised when he made it clear that he_office soon.A.leavesB.would leaveC.leftD.had left提示:当他(说明)他不久就辞职时，leave的动作还未发生，所以用过去将来时。答案：B
Copyright@ 2020-2024 m.ketangku.com网站版权所有